高一英语导学案-初高中英语知识衔接 .docx
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1、精品名师归纳总结第一课时 句子成分一句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分有主语和谓语。次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。二主语: 主语是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首。例如:During the 1990s, American country musichas become more and more popular.名词We often speak English in class. 词One-thirdof the students in this class are girls. 词To swim in the riv
2、er is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor. 名词化的词When we are going to have an English testhas not been decided.从句It is necessary to master a foreign language .it 作形式主语,真正的主语为【总结】主语可由名词、 、和等表示。【提示】但在there be 结构、疑问句当主语不疑问词时和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。三谓语: 谓语说明主语所
3、做的动作或具有的特点和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:1、简洁谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold. 2由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.四 表语: 表语用以说明主语的身份、特点和状态, 它一般位于系动词 如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等之后。例如:
4、Our teacher of English is an American .名词Is it yours.词The weather has turned cold.词The speech is exciting. 词Three times seven is twenty one .词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结His job is to teach English .His hobby 爱好 is playing football .词The machine must be out of order .短语Time is up. The class is over.词The
5、 truth is that he has never been abroad .从句【总结】 表语一般由名词、 及表示。五宾语: 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:They went to see an exhibition 展览 yesterday.名词The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. 词How many dictionaries do you have. I havefive .词They helped the old with their housework yesterda
6、y. 词He pretended not to see me.短语I enjoy listening to popular music.短语 I think that he is fit for his office.从句【提示】 宾语种类 :1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语,例如: Lend me your dictionary , please.2复合宾语宾语 +宾补,例如: They elected him their monitor.六宾语补足语: 英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,仍要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。例如:His father named him Dongmi
7、ng .名词They painted their boat white .形容词Let the fresh air in .副词You mustn t force hitmo lend his money to you. 不定式短语We saw her entering the room .现在分词We found everything in the labin good order .介词短语We will soon make our citywhat your city is now. 从句【总结】宾补可由名词、 、短语和充当。例如:【提示】带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词如mak
8、e 等+宾语 +宾补。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结七定语: 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:Guilin is a beautiful city. 形容词China is a developing country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter
9、 the classroom . The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English . The man who is speaking is our English teacher. 八状语: 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特点的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:Light travels most quickly .副词及副词性词组He has lived in the cityfor ten years .介词
10、短语He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.不定式短语He is in the room making a model plane. 分词短语Once you begin , you must continue. 状语从句【提示】 状语种类如下:How about meeting again at six.时间状语Last night she didn t go to the dancbeecpaaurtsye of the rain . 状语 I shall go there if it doe
11、sn.t rain状语Mr Smith lives on the third floor . 状语She put the eggs into the basket with great care .状语She came in with a dictionary in her hand.状语In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 状语He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately .状语She works very hard though she is old .状语I a
12、m taller than he is .状语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结练习一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分:2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting.5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces
13、 in Beijing.8. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.9. His wish is to become a scientist.10. He managed to finish the work in time.11. Tom came to ask me for advice.12. He found it important to master English.13. Do you have anything else to say.14. Would you please tell me your address.15. He sat t
14、here, reading a newspaper.16. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.17. He noticed a man enter the room.18. The apples tasted sweet.1. The students got on the school bus.二 、挑选填空:1.will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man which is here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The ma
15、n is here now 2. The weather.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold 3. The apple tasted.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 4. He got upyesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter 5. The actorat the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD.
16、 deaded 6.were all very tired, but none ofwould stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we 7. He found the street much.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly 8.I thinknecessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is 9. The dogmad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD.
17、 was looked10.I will never forget the dayI joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where其次课时 简洁句、并列句和复合句一句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1陈述句确定、否认 : He is six years old; She didn t hear of you before.2疑问句一般、 特别、挑选、反意:Do they like skating. How old is he. Is he six or seven years old. Mary can swim, can t s
18、he.3祈使句: Be careful, boys; Don t talk in class 4感叹句: How clever the boy is.2、按句子的结构可分三种:1简洁句:只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句:由并列连词and, but, or 等或分号。 把两个或两个以上的简洁句连
19、在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。3复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.二简洁句的五种基本句型1、主语 +系动词 +表语: e.g. H
20、e is a student. 2、主语 +不及物动词: e.g. We work.3、主语 +及物动词 +宾语: e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语 +及物动词 +双宾语间接宾语 +直接宾语: e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语 +及物动词 +复合宾语宾语 +宾补: e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。三并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only but also , neither n等or连接,。theen.
21、g. The teacher s name is Smith, and the student s name is John.2、表示挑选,常用的连词有or, either or , other等wis。e e.g. Hurry up, or you ll miss the train. 3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thickglasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and
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