2022年新人教版高中英语必修知识点讲解.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语必修 4 学问点讲解必修 4 Unit1 Women of achievement 学问点讲解重点词汇1. achieve 【课文原句】 She has achieved everything she wanted to do P3【名师点拨】 achieve v. 意为 “完成；达到 ”,指经过长期努力而达到某目标、位置或标准等；其名词形式为 achievement,意为 “成就；功绩 ”,a sense of achievement可指 “成就感 ”；如：He had finally achieved success. Even a

2、 small success gives you a sense of achievement. 2. condition 【课文原句】 She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education. P1 【名师点拨】 condition 意为 “ 环境；境况；条件 ”时,是可数名词,常用复数形式 conditions ；” ,be out of 意为 “状态；状况 ”时,是不行数名词,be in good condition 表示 “ 处于良好的状态condition 表示 “ 健康状况不佳 ”；如：W

3、e should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions. The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness. My car is old but in good condition. He is overweight and out of condition. 【学问拓展】 condition 意为 “ 条件 ”时,常用短语on condition that ,表示 “ 假如；在 条件下” ；在美国英语中,也常常用 under t

4、he condition that ；如：I will come on condition that Peter is invited. They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly. 3. devote 【课文原句】 She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. P1 【名师点拨】 devote vt. 意为 “投入于；献身 ”,其宾语后常与介词to 搭配, to 后接名词、代词或动名词； devot

5、e to 意为 “ 献身；致力于 ” ,指把自己、时间、精力等贡献给某种工 作或事业；如：He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. The girl, to whom he was devoted, died in a traffic accident by chance. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. 4. behave 【课文原句】 Jane has studied these animals for many years and help

6、ed people understand how much they behave like humans. P2 【名师点拨】 behave vi & vt. 意为 “ 举动；举止；行为表现 词形式为 behaviour,指 “ 行为；态度；举止”；如：”,如 behave well / badly 等；其名The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the guests. My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired. Everyone prai

7、ses the childrens good behaviour. 5. worthwhile 【课文原句】 But the evening makes it all worthwhile. P2 【名师点拨】 worthwhile adj. 意为 “值得做的；值得出力的” ,可作表语或定语；be worthwhile to do / doing sth 表示 “值得做 ” ,在动词 -ing 形式的结构中,代 worth ,特殊是在表示“ 值得花时间 ”这一概念时；如：I think teaching school is always a worthwhile job. worthwhile

8、 有时可以用来替名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile / worth reading. 6. observe 【课文原句】 Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities. P2 【名师点拨】 observe vt. 意为 “ 观看；观测；遵守 从句；其名词形式为 observation；如：”,可用 observe sb do

9、 sth,observe + thatI observed the man who murdered the boy enter the shop. He observed that we should probably have rain. Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals behaviour.7. argue 【课文原句】 She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or adv

10、ertisements. P2 【名师点拨】 argue 作动词时, 意为 “争论； 争执； 争论 ” ；argue for 意为 “ 为 辩护 ”；argue with sb about / over sth 指“ 就某事和某人争论” ；argue against 意为 “ 据理反对； 争论 ” ；如：It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been rejected. We are always arguing with each other about money. Father argued fiercely against a

11、ny increase in expenditure for the childrensettle an s annual party.【学问拓展】 argue 的名词形式为argument,意为 “ 争论；争端；论证 ” ,常构成短语argument 指“ 解决争端 ”；9. care for 【课文原句】 It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some rules for keeping babies clean and

12、healthy. P6 【名师点拨】 care for 可以表示 look after 的意思,意为 “ 照管；照管 ”,且较正式；也可表示“ 喜爱 ” 的意思；如：His son cared for him when he was ill. In fact, I dont really care for basketball.另外,在上面的句子中,explain 意为 “说明,说明 ” ,后可接名词、代词、从句或 wh + to do作宾语,可用 explain sth to sb 或 explain to sb sth；如：Will you explain to us how we can

13、 finish the work as soon as possible. 【学问拓展】 care about 意为 “介意；在乎 ” ,表示是否认为某事是重要的,某事是否引起了某人的爱好或使其担忧；最常用于疑问句或否定句中；面一般省掉；I don t care about your opinion. m happy.I don t care whether it rains I 10. intend about 用在宾语前面,但是在连词前【课文原句】 I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for wo

14、men who lived in the countryside. P6 【名师点拨】 intend v. 意为 “准备；方案；想要 ” ；intend to do sth 意为 “想干某事 ”；intend 后 也可以接动词 -ing 形式或 that 从句；intend for 表示 “ 原准备给某人； 预备让 干 ” ；如：I intended to come to your house last night but it rained. I intend coming / to come back soon. He hadn t really intended that they sh

15、ould be there. This gift is intended for you. 热点语法 主谓一样用法难点小结：一、集合名词作主语时的主谓一样；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. 集合名词有 family, team, group, party, class, public, club, crew, crowd, enemy, audience, company, committee, government, population 等,当被看作一个整体时,表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式； 假如这些

16、集合名词指其中的每个成员,形式；即谓语动词的单复数要与主语的含义相一样；如：My class is a big one, including thirty boys and thirty girls. My class are working hard for the coming exam. 表示复数意义, 谓语动词就用复数2. 有些集合名词作主语时,谓语只能用复数形式,如：people, the police, the military, mankind, cattle 等；如：The police are searching for the lost child. 二、不定代词作主语时的

17、主谓一样；不定代词 anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数；如：Everything goes well with me. Each of the students in our class has an English-Chinese dictionary. 三、 “名词名词 ”作主语时的主谓一样；当表示同一人物或观点时,谓语动词用单数；如：A novelist an

18、d playwright is coming to our school. 这里表示 “一位小说家兼剧作家”,是同一个人,所以谓语动词用单数；假如是 A novelist and a playwright 作主语, 这时表示 “一位小说家和一位剧作家” ,是两个人,所以谓语动词用复数,该句应改为：A novelist and a playwright are coming to our school. 四、 The adj.作主语时的主谓一样；当 The adj.表示抽象的含义时,谓语动词用单数；如：当 The adj.表示该类全体的含义时,谓语动词用复数；如：必修 4 Unit 2 Work

19、ing the land 学问点讲解Unit2 Working the land Phrases and Idioms The beautiful is the true. The rich should help the poor. 1. be satisfied with: pleased because you have got what you want 1 Jane isnt quite satisfied with the way the barber cut her hair. 2 If you are not completely satisfied, you can get

20、your money back. 3 I am not really satisfied with the job you did. 2. refer to : a mention or speak about someone or something b to look at a hook map, piece of paper, etc, for information 1We agreed never to refer to the matter again. referring to. 2 Although she didnt mention any names, everyone k

21、new who she was 3 He gave the speech without referring to his notes even once. 3. would rather: used to say what someone prefers 1 It seems you would rather play than work. 2 She would rather die than lose the children. 3 I would rather starve than be dependent on anyone again. 4. thanks to sb/ sth

22、: because of sb./ sth. 1 I was late thanks to the heavy traffic. 2 It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded. 3 Weve collected $50,000 for the poor, thanks to the generosity of the public. 5. rid of sb/sth: become free of 1 Will science- finally rid us of this disease. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共

23、 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 Do you think it possible to rid the world of nuclear weapons. 3 By working hard day and night, she is trying to rid herself of loneliness and sadness. 6. lead a .life: live in the way what you life is like 1 Before liberation, my grandpa led a dogs life. 2 If the oper

24、ation succeeds, the patient will be able to lead a normal life. 3 Mrs. Black is retired and leads a quiet and peaceful life in a mountain village. 7. care about: love; be interested in; be concerned with 1 Just listening to somebody shows you care about them. 2 Your parents are only doing this becau

25、se they care about you. 3 The only thing this rich- and greedy man seems to care about is money. 8. insist on sth/doing sth: to demand that something must be done or that you must have a particular thing 1 The school insists on good behaviour from its students. 2 John insisted on doing all the work

26、himself, though he was in poor health. 3 The old man insisted on helping me find a taxi even though I told him I didnt need any help. 必修 4 Unit3 A taste of humor 学问点讲解Unit3 重点聚集 1. content【课文原句】 Perhaps it makes us feel more content with our life because we feel there is someone else worse off than

27、ourselves. P17 【名师点拨】 content adj.意为 “满意的；中意的 content with sb / sth 意为 “ 对某人或某事感到中意 如：” ,be content to do 意为 “愿意去做某事 ”； be ” ,相当于 be pleased with 或 be satisfied with ；I m content to help you to set up a website on the Internet.Those who are not content with the progress they have made will have grea

28、ter success. 注： worse off 是 badly off 的比较级,意思是 好” ；如：“ 境况比 更差 ”； better off 意为 “ 境况比 To my surprise, I found his living conditions were much worse off than mine. With the development of economy, more and more people are better off. 【学问拓展】 content 仍可作动词,意为“使满意 ” ；作名词时,表示 “ 满意；心中意足”,也可表示 “（书、报纸等的）内容；目

29、录；含量” ；如：My explanation seemed to content him. Now she began to live in peace and content. Weve discussed the unusual form of the book now, what about the content. 2. astonish【课文原句】 However, some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing. P

30、17 【名师点拨】 astonish vt意为 “ 使大为惊讶； 使惊奇 ”,比 surprise 程度强, 比 shock 程度弱；如：I was astonished to hear that the professor had broken down because of his hard work. I was astonished by how much shed grown. 【学问拓展】 1 astonishing adj 意为 “ 令人惊奇的 ” ；如：The astonishing news made the world astonished, and a great man

31、y people expressed their opinions on the Internet. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 astonished adj指 某人 处于惊奇、惊讶状况,常用 He was astonished at what Tom had said and done. be astonished at sth；如：3 astonishment n.意为 “ 惊奇 ” ,可用 to ones astonis hment 表示 “使某人惊讶的是” ；如：To my astonishmen

32、t, she still remembered my birthday. 3. particular【课文原句】 He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. P17 【名师点拨】 particular adj. 意为 “ 专指的；特殊的；特殊的；不平常的 ”；be particular about / over sth 意为 “对某事很讲究 / 很挑剔 ” ；in particular 意为 “ 特殊地 ” ；如：There was nothing in the newspa

33、per of particular importance. Im not particular about my clothes; I dont mind what I wear. He talked about the ball games in general and talked about football in particular. What in particular did you like about the last apartment that we saw. 4. worn-out【课文原句】 He played a poor and homeless person,

34、who wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat and carried a walking stick. P18 【名师点拨】 worn-out adj. 1 意为 “ 磨损的；损坏的；穿破的用坏的以至完全无用的 ”；如：Since your shoes are worn-out, why not buy another pair. 2 意为 “ 筋疲力尽的；耗尽的” ,相当于be tired out；如：He was worn-out after the long journey. 5. failure

35、& overcome【课文原句】 This character was a social failure but he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him P18 【名师点拨】 1 failure 意为 “ 失败 ” 时,是不行数名词；意为“失败者；失败的事”时,是可数名词；如：As we all know, failure is the mother o

36、f success. At last, he was a great success, while she was a failure. To our disappointment, the party turned out to be a failure. 2 overcome v. 意为 “掌握 感情 ；克服 困难 ；战胜；战胜 ”,可用于 to overcome difficulties / obstacles / problems / resistance 等；如：He made great efforts to overcome the difficulty. They succee

37、ded to overcome the tallest mountain in the world. 【学问拓展】 fail 仍可作动词,意为“ 失败；不及格；无法做到” ,可用 fail to do sth 或者 fail in doing sth ；如：I failed to persuade him to give up smoking. = I failed in persuading him to give up smoking. 6. in search of 【课文原句】 The film is set in California in the middle of the nin

38、eteenth century when gold was discovered and thousands of people rushed there in search of it. P18 【名师点拨】 in search of 意为 “ 查找 ”；类似的词组有：in the aones search forof,make a search forof,在这三个短语中search是名词；如：Today, many countryside people have rush to the city in search of good jobs. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第

39、5 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The researchers are in their search for the animals which they want to experiment with. 留意： in search of 中 of 不行换用 for ；【学问拓展】 search仍可以是作动词, 意为 “ 搜寻 ” ,search 的宾语是查找的东西所在的处所,即 search someplace for sth,意为 “ 搜查某地找 ” ；如：They searched the building for the robber. He s

40、earched his pockets for some change. 而 search sb for sth 意为 “搜某人身以找到某物”；如：He searched the boy for the lost pen. search afterfor = look for = hunt for 意为 “ 处处查找 ”；如：People who are searching after inner peace sometimes turn to religion. 7. pick up【课文原句】 They wash sand from the river in a pan of water,

41、 and expect to pick up gold, but they have been not fortunate enough to find any. P18 【名师点拨】 pick up 意为 “捡起；拿起 ” ；如：He picked up his hat and went out. pick up 仍有其他意思：1 在中途搭载承载 乘客、货物等 ；如：The bus stopped to pick up passengers学问、利益 ；如：2 偶然地 发觉,得到,购买；学得,得到 I picked up the book in a lonely place She pick

42、ed up French very quickly in France. When you live in a country, you soon pick up the language. 3 复原,使复原；如：I believe he will pick up by the seaside. 4 接收,收听 广播 ；如：It is easy to pick up the programme clearly through my radio. 【学问拓展】 pick out 意为 “选好；选出；认出；看清晰”；如：Have you picked out the movie you want

43、to see. Can you pick out your brother out from that group of people. 8. cut off【课文原句 Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe, treating it as if it were the finest meatP18 【名师点拨】 cut off 意为 “切下来；剪下来” ；如：He cut off piece of cloth and wrapped the wound. cut off 仍可译为 “ 切断；停掉；使电话中断” ；如：They ve cut o

44、ff the water temporarily because they are repairing one of the main pipes. It was dangerous that our food and water supply were cut off at that time. We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation. Because I failed to pay the telephone bill, the telephone operator cut us off. 必修 4 Unit4

45、 Body Language 学问点讲解Unit 4 重点聚集 1. major, local & represent【课文原句】 They will be meeting at a major hotel with local business people and people who represent the Chinese government. P25 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【名师点拨】 1 major adj. 表示 “ 主要的；较大的；重要的”,句中 a major hotel 意思是

46、“ 大酒店 ”；major 常常用作名词,意为“主修课程；专业课” ；可作动词,主要用于major in ,意为“ 主修 ” ；如：Many people wish to live in a major city. She decided to take computer as her major. My friend majored in economics at Tsinghua University. 2 local adj. 表示 “ 地方的； 当地的 ” ；含有 local 的常用词组： local customs 意为 “ 地方风俗 ”；local news 意为 “本地新闻 ”；the local TV station 意为 “地方电视台 ” ；the local court 意为 “地方 法院 ”；the local government 意为 “ 地方政府 ”；如 : My sister st