新版新目标英语七年级下知识点.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date新版新目标英语七年级下知识点Unit 1 Can you play the guitarUnit 1 Can you play the guitar ?1、can+动词原形，它不随主语和数而变化。(1)含有can的肯定句：主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。(2)变一般疑问句时，把can提前：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语+can。否定回答：No

2、，主语+cant.(3)含有can的否定句：主语+cant+动词的原形+其他。(4)含有can的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他？2、may+动词的原形。（may为情态动词）一般疑问句是把may提前，肯定回答是：Yes，主语 +may。否定回答是：No，主语+mustnt。或please dont。join+某个组织，俱乐部，party，参军，党派等 “加入”Join sb. “参加到某人中” join in (doing)sth “加入做.，参加某个活动” Join in=take part in +活动，比赛3、说某种语言：speak+语言 4、play+球、棋、牌；p

3、lay+the+乐器。5、擅长于（做）什么：be good at +名词/动ing 6、帮助某人做某事：help sb. (to ) do sth. help sb. with sth.7、我能知道你名字吗？May I know your name? 8、想要做什么：want to do sth 例如：I want to learn about art.9、What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club and the basketball club.10、What club does Tom want to join?

4、 He wants to join the swimming club .11、He cant play the violin or the piano. Can you help kids with swimming?12、Why do you want to join the English club? Because I want to learn English well. Unit 2 What time do you go to school ?1、what time和when引导的特殊疑问句。 (1)对时间提问用what time，也可以用when。询问钟点时用what time

5、，询问日期、月份、年份时用when。(2)询问做某事的时间时，两者可以互换。 (3)其他询问时间的句子：Whats the time? =What time is it?现在几点了？ 时刻表达法：顺读法和逆读法。(1)顺读法：“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。(2)逆读法：借助介词past或to表示，要先说分再说钟点。A.当分钟不超过30分钟时（包括30分钟），即30，用to表示。其结构为：“所差分钟（即60所过分钟数）+to+下一个整点”，to译成“差”，差几分钟到几点。C.当分钟为30分钟用half表示，当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。2、always 总是usually 通常often常常

6、sometime 有时3、Watch+TV、球赛 “观看，观赏”，特指长时间注视。See+电影、医生 “看见”，强调看的结果。Look “看”，强调看的动作，look后接宾语时要用介词at。Read+书刊、杂志 “阅读”4、listen to +宾语 6、Take a shower “淋浴” 7、Eat breakfast 吃早餐5、Go to +地点名词 如：go to school go+地点副词 如：go homeUnit 3 How do you get to school?一、本单元知识点总结1.get to school 到校 2.take the subway 乘地铁3.take

7、 the train 坐火车 4.leave for 到地方去，离开去某地5.taketo把带到 6. most students 大多数学生7. fromto从到 8.think of 想到，想起9.ride bikes 骑自行车 10.in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地方11. how far 多远 (路程、距离) 12.how long多长（时间）13.take the train to school 乘火车去上学 14.in places 在一些地方15.go to school by boat乘船去上学 16.on the school bus乘坐

8、校车17.be different from和不同 18.one 11-year old boy 一个十一岁大的男孩二、重点知识详解1.take +a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词，乘去某地，是动词短语，在句中作谓语。He takes the train. take the subway乘地铁 take a walk散步 take a shower洗个澡take a rest休息一会 take a seat 坐下 take some medicine 吃药2.by+表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in+ a/an/the/ones+表示交通工具的单数名词，是介词短语作方式状语。I get t

9、o school by bike. = I get to school on my bike.3.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地表示乘交通工具方式可以互换表达相同的意义:Take the bus to school=go to school by bus=go to school on a busDrive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car Fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to

10、 shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.4.get表示“到达”，后接名词需加to，接地点副词不加to.reach 给示到达，是及物动词，其后直接接宾语。arrive in+大地点 arrive at +小地点 后接副词不需介词。5. It takes sb some money/time to do sth.花费某人多少时间/钱做某事Sb pay some money for sth 某人为某物花费多少钱Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花费时间/钱Sb spend some time/ money

11、 (in)doing sth Sth cost sb some money 某物花费某人多少钱6. How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A?答语有两种：（1） Itsmeters/miles/kilometers(away)有米/英里/千米（远）（2） It s about ten minutes walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。7have to 后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有“不得不，被迫”之意，有多种时态形式，否定式为dont have to(neednt)意为“不必”。Must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必

12、要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式,否定式mustt意为“一定不要，不允许，禁止”反意词为“neednt”。8.感谢用语：Thank you very much , Thanks a lot , Many thanks.回答感谢用语的句子：Thats ok /all right. 不用谢。You are welcome 不客气。 It is my pleasure./My pleasure./It is a pleasure.不客气、那是我的荣幸。/Dont mention it。别在意。 It was nothing at all.那没什么。三、语法归纳（一）how 引导的特殊疑问句1.h

13、ow 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式，其答语分三种情况：a. take a/an/the+交通工具（单数）b. by+交通工具（单数）c. on/in+限定词+交通工具2. how far 用来提问距离，多远，其答语分为两种：（1）用长度单位表示：It is five kilometers.（2）用时间表示：Its twenty minutes walk. 3.how long 用来提问时间，意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。-How long have you learnt English? -For 3 years.how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间， 常用于将来时态时， 常用

14、“in+时间段”来回答。How soon will you arrive in Beijing?-In 3 hours.Unit 4 Dont eat in class肯定的祈使句：(1) 实义动词原形+其他； (2) be动词原形+形容词+其他； (3) Let sb do sth. 否定的祈使句：(1) Dont+实义动词+原形； (2) Dont be+形容词+其他；(3) Dont let sb do sth (4) No+Ving.练：(1) My mother said to me, “Tom, _ in bed.”A. not read B. doesnt read C. don

15、t read D. didnt read(2) Dont _ (fight). = No _ (fight).2. 不要迟到：Dont arrive late. = Dont be late. (arrive = be)上课/上学不要迟到：Dont arrive (be) late for class/school.3. 主语省略（无主语）：Dont arrive late for class.主语不省略（有主语）：We cant arrive ;ate for class.4. 在学校我们必须穿校服：We have to wear uniforms at school.句型：不得不/必须做某

16、事：have to do sth否定：不必做某事：dont have to do sth穿校服：单数：wear a uniform 复数：wear uniforms练：(1) I cant stop smoking, doctor. For your health, Im afraid you _.A. can B. may C. must D. have to5. 在我家里有太多的规矩：I have too many rules in my house.词组：太多：too many6. 我从来没有任何快乐：I never have any fun.(never译为“从来没有”，表示否定，否定

17、句中表示“任何，一些”，用any)7. 不要大声说话：Dont talk loudly.请大声说：Speak loudly, please.8. 他擅长于唱歌：He is good at singing.句型：擅长于做某事：be good at doing sth9. 表示“地点”的词组：(1) 在教室里：in the classroom 在课堂上：in class(2) 在走廊上：in the hallways 在学校里：at school = in school10. 表示“时间”的词组：(1) 下课后：after class 放学后：after school(2) 在上学的白天/晚上：o

18、n school days/nights 比较：at night(3) 到晚上10点钟之前：by 10 oclock p.m.11. (1) with 和； 如：He lives in Beijing with my parents. (不能用and)(2) with 戴着； 如：Do you know the fat man with a hat? (不能用wears)(3) with 有着； 如：Its an old house with a beautiful garden. (不能用has)Unit5 Why do you like pandas?1. 让我们先去看考拉。- Lets

19、see the koalas first. (first翻译为“首先”)你为什么最喜欢考拉？- Why do you like koalas best? (best翻译为“最”)-因为它们很可爱。- Because they are very cute.句型：让某人做某事：let sb do sth2. 你为什么不喜欢老虎？- Why dont you like tigers?-因为它们有点吓人。- Because they are kind of scary. 在此处，表示“不”，只要在do后加not即可。 有点：kind of+形容词 = a little+形容词3. 你还喜欢别的什么动物

20、？ What other animals do you like? (后有animals, other不加s)你喜欢和别的年轻人工作吗？ Do you like to work with other young people?This isnt my sweater. Its _ (you).Are all these children _ (you)?4. 他是一个8岁的男孩：He is an 8-year-old boy. (后有名词boy, 用连字符，year用原形)他8岁：He is 8 years old. (后无名词boy, 不用连字符，岁数大于1，year变复数)5. 请保持安静

21、：Please be quiet. = Please keep quiet. (keep译为“保持”，= be)6. 他每天通常睡和放松20个小时：He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.每天：every day (要分开) 连在一起的everyday翻译为“日常的”，是个形容词。7. 和某人玩：play with sb (倒翻)8. 在白天：during the day = in the day 在此处，during = in9. 在晚上：at night = in the evening 在上学的晚上/白天：on school ni

22、ghts/days10. 吃草：eat grass 吃叶子：eat leaves (leaf的复数形式) 吃肉：eat meat11. 相似单词比较：(1) 草：grass (不可数，无复数) (2) 玻璃：glass 复数：glasses 眼镜12. 汉语：因为，所以 英语：because, so (不能同时出现在一个句子中)汉语：虽然，但是 英语：though, but (只能使用其中一个)如：_ Tom is tired, _ he wants to have a food rest.A. Because, so B. Though, but C. /, so D. /, but13.

23、(1) first num. 第一； 如：Sunday is the first day of a week.(2) first adv. 首先；首先：at first 如：Lets see the koalas first.14. (1) best adv. 最； 如：Why do you like koalas best?(2) best adj. 最好的； 如：Who do you think is the best teacher in your class?15. (1) very adv. 非常（放在形容词前）； 如：The koalas are very cute.(2) ver

24、y much 非常（放在动词后）； 如：Thank you very much.16. (1) kind(s) of n. 种类； 如：There are many kinds of anmals in the zoo.What kind of noodles would you like?(2) kind of = a little adv. 有点；（无形式变化） 如：He is kind of lazy.(3) kind adj. 和蔼的，友善的； 如：Its kind of you to help me with my English.17. 树叶：leaf 复数：leaves 变化规则

25、：去f加ves;18. 小偷：thief 复数：thieves 变化规则：去f加ves. Unit6 Im watching TV1. 现在进行时的结构：主语+be+Ving. (be动词和动词+ing两者缺一不可)考题形式：(1) 已知be动词，考后面的动词形式（要加ing）；(2) 已知后面的动词+ing, 则前面用be动词。如：(1) The boy is _ (run) with his father.(2) Some children are _ (lie) on the grass.(3) My brother and I are _ (play) soccer.(4) His s

26、ister is _ (read) a book.2. -你正在做什么？- What are you doing? -我正在看电视。- Im watching TV.3. 那听起来很棒：That sounds great/good.4. 谢谢你的信和照片：Thanks for your letter and the photos. 谢谢某东西：Thanks for sth 句型：谢谢做某事：Thanks for doing sth5. 这是我的一些照片：Here are some of my photos. (“一些照片”是“复数”，be用are)这是我的一张全家福照片：Here is a p

27、hoto of my family. (“一张照片”是“单数”，be用is)6. 句型：忙于做某事：be busy doing sth如：His brother is busy _ (write) stories in his room.7. 表示“活动”的“动词词组” 做家庭作业：do ones homework 打扫房间：clean the room 吃晚饭：eat dinner 打电话：talk on the phone = make a telephone call 看书/看报/看杂志：read books, read newspapers, read magazines (学生)上课

28、：have an English class (老师)上课：give an English class 举行晚会：have an evening party 和某人说再见：say goodbye to sb8. 在购物中心：at the mall 在游泳池：at the (swimming) pool在学校：at school 在体育馆里：in the gym9. 在第一张照片中：in the first photo 在第二张照片中：in the second photo在下一张照片中：in the next photo 在最后一张照片中：in the last photo 10. 等汽车：w

29、ait for the bus 在汽车站等(某人)：wait (for sb) at the bus stop11. 我的兄弟和我：my brother and I (要把“我”放在后面)12. (身体)好，健康：well = fine 如：- How is your mother? - She is _.13. 活动：activity 复数：activities (以辅音字母+y结尾的，去y加ies)玩具：toy 复数：toys (以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加s)14. (1) 也：also 用于“肯定句的句中”；(2) 也：too 用于“肯定句的句末，前加逗号”；(3) 也：either

30、用于“否定句的句末，前加逗号”。15. (1) show n. 节目；如：TV show, sports show, game show, talk show(2) show v. 给看；如：Can you show me your family photo? Ill show you the way.(3) show v. 表演；如：Can you show us Beijing Opear?一般现在时 The Simple Present Tense 一般现在时表示现在的状态 ；表示经常性或习惯性的动作；表示主语具备的性格和能力等。例如：1、He is twelve. 他十二岁。2、I g

31、o to school at seven every day.3、They speak Japanese.一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。1. I often read books in the evening.2. Do they usually go to school by bike?3. He doesnt like milk. He never drinks it.4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.一般现在时常和以下时

32、间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。Do they have math in the morning?She sleeps nine hours every night.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.They dont have classes on Sundays.它有三种形式：一、谓语是be的一般现在时。1、肯定形式是：主语+be+

33、表语（形容词、名词充当表语）。2、否定形式是：主语+be+not+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）。3、一般疑问句是：Be+主语+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）?肯定回答是：Yes,主语+be. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ be+not.4、特殊疑问句是：特殊疑问词+Be开头的一般疑问句?注意：be要随着主语变。二、谓语是情态动词can/may.+动词原形的一般现在时。1、肯定形式是：主语+情态动词can/may.+动词原形+宾语。2、否定形式是：主语+情态动词can/may.+not+动词原形+宾语。3、一般疑问句是：情态动词can/may.+动词原形+主语+宾语。肯定回答是：Yes,主语+情态动

34、词. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ 情态动词+not.4、特殊疑问句是：特殊疑问词+情态动词can/may.开头的一般疑问句？注意：情态动词can/may.+动词原形。三、谓语动词是实义动词及物动词或不及物动词的一般现在时。1、肯定形式是：“主语+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+不及物动词”。2、否定形式是：“主语+dont/doesnt+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+dont/doesnt+不及物动词”。3、一般疑问句是：“Do/Does+主语+及物动词原形+宾语”或“Do/Does+主语+不及物动词原形”。肯定回答是：Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ dont/doesnt.

35、4、特殊疑问句是：特殊疑问词+do/does开头的一般疑问句？注意：根据主语确定用do还是does。u 动词第三人称单数的构成：（用于第三人称单数、可数名词的单数和不可数名词的一般现在时中）1、直接加-slooklooksreadreadsplayplays stopstops2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加-es missmissesfixfixes watchwatches washwashesgogoesdo-does3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-escarrycarries studystudieshurryhurriescrycries4.特殊的have - h

36、as 现在进行时（1）构成形式：Be动词+动词的ing形式这里强调一点，两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。（2）现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。（3）有用的依据：一个句子中既有be动词，又有动词，且动词加了ing 该句是现在进行时（4）句中往往有now、look、listen等词。动词现在分词的变化见下表：词尾情况变化方式例词一般情况加ingplay玩playing do做doinggo去going jump跳jumpingsing唱singing ski滑雪skiingsee看见-seeing以不发音的e结尾去e加ingmake做making take拿到takingli

37、ke喜欢liking come来comingwrite写writing dance跳舞dancinghave有having close关closing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个辅音字母再加ingswim游泳swimming sit坐sittingrun跑running get得到gettingput放putting begin开始beginningjog慢跑jogging同音词： too-two-to buy-by I-eye four-for there-theirright-write sun-son no-know here-hear

38、whos-whose近义词： many-a lot of / lots of large-big desk-tablephoto-picture lamp-light like-love反义词或对应词：old-new go-come big-smallopen-close black-white here-there完整形式：lets=let us(让我们) Id=I would cant=can not Im=I am词性变换：one(序数词) first monkey（复数）monkeys skiing(原形)ski is（复数）are families（单数）family make（现在

39、分词）makingwe are(缩略形式)were do(第三人称单数)does have(第三人称单数)hasphoto(复数)photos good(反义词)bad做题目时一定要记住：can+动词原形like+动词ing like+名词复数play+足球类 play the +乐器类how many +名词复数would like +to+动词原形lets+动词原形现在进行时：be(am,is,are)+动词ing动词第三人称单数形式-Unit 7 Its raining1. n. adj.sun阳光 sunny 晴朗的 snow雪 snowy下雪的rain雨 rainy下雨的wind风

40、windy多风的cloud云 cloudy多云的fog雾 foggy多雾的ice冰 icy结冰的2. 询问天气1）Hows the weather? Its北京的天气怎么样？多云。Hows the weather in Beijing? Its cloudy. 2) Whats the weather like？ItsWhats the weather like in Beijing? Its cloudy.3. cook 1)v. 做饭 2）n. 厨师cooker n. 厨具4. Hows it going? 情况如何？Not bad.不错。Great.太好了。Terrible.太糟了。Pr

41、etty good.相当好Just so so.马马虎虎5. pretty1) adj. 俊俏；娇小；漂亮 a pretty girl 漂亮的姑娘2) adv. 相当；很；颇 近义词是very或quiet6. hot炎热的-cold寒冷的 warm温暖的-cool凉爽的7. Thanks for因而感谢for是介词，后接n / pron / v-ing. (名词/代词、动名词)Thanks for the photo of your family. 谢谢你的全家福照片。Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。8. on vacation 在度假；在假期中9. take a

42、photo/take photos 拍照10.some, others一些，（另一些）Some are taking photos, others are lying on the beach.一些人在拍照，一些人正躺在沙滩上。11.other, the other, others, the others, another1)other可作形容词或代词。adj. “别的，其他的”Do you have any other questions? 你还有其他的问题吗？ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧。 2) the other 代词，（两者中的）“另一个” （other为

43、代词）onethe other一个，另一个He has two sons, one is a doctor, the other is a worker. 他有两个儿子，一个是医生，另一个是工人。3) others代词，是other的复数形式，泛指“其余的（人或物）” （指其余的部分）someothers一些，（另）一些There are lots of students on the playground, some are playing basketball, others are dancing.操场上有许多学生，有些人在打篮球，有些人在跳舞。Give me some others,

44、please. 给我一些别的东西吧。4) the others代词，特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”（指其余的全部）There are lots of students on the playground, some are playing basketball, the others are dancing.操场上有许多学生，有些人在打篮球，其余的都在跳舞。5) another = an+other，可作形容词或代词，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢

45、这个，请给我看看另一个。12. lie v.平卧；躺 （想在分词lying）13. Look at this group of people playing beach volleyball.看看这群正在玩沙滩排球的人。playing beach volleyball作people的定语。14. surprised adj. “感到惊讶的”1) be surprised at + n./ pron./v-ing 对感到惊讶Were surprised at the news. 听到这个消息，我们非常诧异。2) be surprised to do sth.Were surprised to hear the news. 听到这个消息，我们非常诧异。3) be surprised + that从句Im surpri