精读第单元重要知识点.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结Unit5LanguagePoints1. take. for granted -regardsth as trueor as certainto happen 认为 .是真的 ;认为 .是理所当然的; 认为 .没问题eg: We tookhis co-operationforgranted.Paraphrasethe following, using this sentence pattern:1) Dontthinkhe willcertainlyhelp you. Donttake his help forgranted.2) He thinks that everyth

2、ingis true. He takes everythingforgranted.3) I wantmyselfnot to thinkthat everythingis true. I wantmyselfnot to take everythingforgranted.4) Mymother thoughthe wouldcertainlycome. Mymother tookhis comingforgranted.take it forgranted that. 认为 .是理所当然的事eg: She took itforgranted that he wouldfeel ashame

3、d of his wrongdoings.Paraphrasethe following:1) I thoughtshe wouldcertainlystay withus.I tookitforgranted that she wouldstay withus.2) We feltsure that he wouldstudy hard.Wetook itforgranted that he wouldstudy hard.3) I thinkit is natural forstudents to help one another. I take itforgranted that stu

4、dents help one another.4) We thinkparents should givetheir childrenenough money to spend.Wetake itforgranted that parents willgive theirchildrenenough money to spend.2. grant grantvt.a) consent to give orallow what is asked for答应赐予 ,同意赐予 ,答应 恳求等 grantsb. sth. / grant sth to sb.eg: The general grante

5、d us permissionto visitthe militarybase.The government willgrant land to anybodywho iswillingto farmit.Paraphrase1) The firmagreed to give hima pension. Thefirmgranted hima pension.2) The Premier agreed to interviewhim. ThePremier granted him an interview.3) The headmaster gave us an extra holiday.

6、Theheadmaster granted us an extra holiday.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结b) agree thatsth. is true 承认 某事是真的 grantsth.eg: He granted the truthof what he said.I granted his honesty. He granted that point. grant that.eg: I granted that what you said is correct. He granted that he didntlikeEnglish.Change the f

7、ollowing simple sentences into complex ones:1) I grant his honesty.I grant that he is honest.2) He granted the truth of the matter. He granted that the matter was true.3) She granted her wrongdoings.She granted that what she did was wrong.4) The boy granted his theft.Theboy granted that he stole som

8、ething. conj.granted / grantinggranted / grantingthat. 尽管 , 即使= suppose/supposing/provided/providing/on condition that.= if/even ifeg: Granted/Grantingthat he is honest, he may make mistakes.Granted/Grantingthis is true, whatconclusioncan you draw. granted adv. used to admit the truthof a statement

9、before introducinga contrary argument用于确定某事物属实,然后提出相反的论点eg: Granted, its a splendidcar, buthave you seen howmuch it costs.Granted, he isvery rich,but he is mean. grantn.sth. granted money orland froma government赐与之物 一份赐予的土的或一笔津贴eg: Youcan get a grant to improveyour house.Students in this countryrece

10、ive a grant fromthe government.3.Illringyou up. =Illtelephone/phone you.Illgiveyou a call.Illcallyou up.4.pose pose v.aderog 贬 behavein an unnaturaloraffected way in orderto impresspeople 装腔作势eg: Stop posing and tellus whatyou reallythink.pose as + n./adj.-claimor pretend to be sb./sth.自称 / 装成是某事物或某

11、人eg:He poses as an expert.Dontposes as a man who knowseverything. He alwaysposes as unusual/uncommon/learned.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结b sit or stand in a particularposition in orderto be painted,drawnorphotographed摆好姿态以便画像或拍照pose for sb.eg: Theartist asked her to pose forhim.He had to pose wearing a

12、laurelwreath. 他得摆好戴着月桂花的姿态 pose n.a) . derog 贬 unnaturaloraffected way of behaving, intend to impress peopleeg: Hisconcern forthe poor is onlya pose.I hate to see his pose.b. position in whicha person poses oris posed为画像或拍照而摆好的 姿态 ,姿态 eg: Please present a pose forthe camera.She adopted an elegant po

13、se.strikean attitude/apose -hold orput the body in a certain way oruse gesturestoemphasize what one says or feels; speak or writeabout ones opinion;intentionsorfeelings in a dramaticor artificialway装腔作势 eg: He struck a pose/an attitude of defiance witha typicallyhard-hittingspeech.（他以惯用的强硬言辞作出违背的姿态。

14、）She struck a pose/an attitude to protest.5. pest troublesome or annoying ordestructive thing or anima;nuisanceeg:Fliesand mice are pests.Some insects are pests.pest control -destruction of pest withpoison, traps etc.eg: People always tryto have pest control. Informalannoying person or thingeg: The

15、childisan absolute pest -he keeps ringingthe doorbelland running away.6. engage engage v.a) obtainthe rightto employ oroccupy雇佣 ,聘用 ,租用eg: He willengage a servant.We willengage a youngman as a guide/an interpreter.Paraphrase1) Our company needs to employa new secretary.2) She was employed as an inte

16、rpreter.3) They willhire a camera fortheir outing.b) take partin, be busy with,workat often used in passive忙于 .,从事 ., 做着 . be engaged in.eg: He is engaged in business/writinga novel.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Paraphrase1) XiaoLiwas busy writingletters when I saw him.2) John and his brother are busy wit

17、ha plan.3) He is takingpart in violentargument.4) She is having a conversation.c) cause sb. to take partin or be occupied in sth. 使某人参与某人或某事engaged sb in sth.eg: I engaged him inconversationI have no time to engage ingossip.d) promise or agree to marrypassive 订婚be engaged to sb.eg: Tomand Anne are e

18、ngaged.Tomis engaged to Anne.Mysister isengaged to an armyman.e) promise to do sth. 保证 做某事 engaged oneself to do sth.eg: We engage ourselves to fulfilour obligation. He engaged himselftopay back the money. I engage myselfto be there on time.Paraphrase1) He promisedto come and help me.2) Our teacher

19、promised to tellus a story.3) The students promisedto study harder.4) Mymother promisedto make me a new dress.f) Whentelephoning, someone is using the line passiveeg:Theline/numberis engaged.g) attractpassiveeg:Hisattention is engaged. engagement n.a). promise orundertakingesp. one thatis formalorma

20、de in writing约言 ,契约 eg:He onlyhas enough money to meet his engagement.She never breaks her engagement.b). arrangementto go somewhere, meet sb orto do sth.约会eg:I have an engagement at fourtoday.He cancelled all his engagements.She has quite a fewengagements fornext week. I have an engagement withthe

21、doctor tomorrow.c). agreement to marry婚约eg:Theirengagement was announced inthe newspaper.She has brokenoffher engagement. engagingadj.- likelyto attractoroccupy the attention;charmingan engaging smile/manner/person可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结7. asphyxiate asphyxiatevt. make ill,cause the death of, throu

22、ghlack of enough airin the lungs使窒息 , 闷死eg:Themen inthe coal-minewere asphyxiated by the bad gas.The old man was asphyxiated when swimming. The room willasphyxiateus. n. asphyxiation/asphyxia/asphyxia = suffocation -ucondition caused by lackof airin the lungseg:Theminers died ofasphyxiation/asphyxia

23、/asphyxia. asphyxiation n. 窒息剂 , 窒息器8. flavour/flavor flavour/flavorn.c u-taste and smell, esp. of food味道 ,味道eg:Addingsalt to foodimprovesthe flavour.I dont likethe flavourof onions.He likes ice cream witha chocolate flavour. This food has strong flavour. flavour/flavorvt.-give a flavourto 调味 , 加味于

24、.; 使有特别风味flavoursth. withsth.eg:She flavouredthe cake withchocolate.What do people flavourchickenwith. ginger,onion,sauce, garlic I dont likemeat stronglyflavouredwithpepper.sth flavourstheg:Onionflavoursfish.Chocolate flavoursice cream and milk.be flavoredwith= be filled withthe smell of. eg:Theroo

25、m is flavouredwithstale vegetable.The telephone booth is flavouredwithsweat. flavouringn.c u thing added to food to give it flavor调味料eg:Theorange drinkcontains no artificialflavourings.The soup needs more flavouring.9. chill chill v. -makeorbecome cold 使冰冷 , 变得冰冷eg:Dontchilltheirenthusiasm. He was c

26、hilledto the bone.chill n.a) unpleasant feeling of coldness 寒 意eg:There is a chillin the air.Take the chillofthe water. warmit a little figThe bad news cast a chillover the people.b) illness caused by cold and dampeg: He caught a chill.caught a cold chilly adj.-cold可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结eg:Itis ch

27、illytoday.10. fidget fidget v.cause sb. to move the body about restlessly; make nervous使坐立担心eg:When the bell rings, the boys begin to fidget.Hurryup, your father is fidgeting.fidget about with.eg: Its bad manners to fidgetabout withthe cutleryat the table.用餐时摆布刀叉是不礼貌的 fidget n.a) c person who fidget

28、s 烦躁担心的人eg: Youresuch a fidget.b) the fidget -restless movements 坐立担心 eg: I alwaysget the giddiestduringlongmeetings. fidgety adj.-restlesseg: He is a fidgetychild.11. tendtend v.a) be inclined to do sth; have a direction 简单做某事 ; 倾向tend to do sth.eg:People tend to get fat whenthey growolder.I tend t

29、o agree withyou.Paraphrase1) He isinclinedto drivetoo fast.2) It is easy formy mother to get tired in the evening.3) Youalways make sillymistakes inyour dictation.4) He always pitches the balltoo high.tend to/towards sth. -take a certain direction朝某方向eg: Hisopiniontends to minefigHe tends towards ex

30、treme views.b) take care of orlook aftereg:Thenurses tend the patients carefully.The shepherds tend theirsheep. tendencyn. -turningorinclination;a way a person or a thingtends to be show/have a tendency to do sth.eg:Business is showinga tendency to improve.She has a tendency to fatness.Use the noun

31、formtendencyto take the place of the verb formtendin the following:1) Milktends to go sour in hot weather.2) Woodtends to swellifitgets wet.3) Boys tend to fight.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4) Oldpeople tend to forgetthings. tendentiousadj.derog 贬 of a speech, a piece of writingaimed at a causeeg:Such t

32、endentious statements are likelyto provokestrong opposition.12. ignore ignorevt.a). take no notice of; refuse to take notice of不顾 , 忽视ignore sth./sb.eg: MissLiignoredmy questions.Say the followingsentences in another way, using ignore:1) She took no notice of my presence.2) They tookno notice ofthis

33、 rubbish.3) I am sittinghere, but she takes no notice of me.b). payno attentionto不理睬 , 不理睬eg: They ignored trafficregulations.Paraphrase1) He paid no attentionto his parents advice.2) Mymother paid no attentionto the ringingofthe bell.ignorantadj.a). of persons knowinglittleornothing; not aware不知道的

34、, 无知的eg: He is so ignorantthat he cant writehis name.Hisignorant behaviorat the dinnertable caused much embarrassment.b). of sth. showing ignorance; resulting fromignorance.e.g an ignorant replyignorant conduct/look/starebe ignorant of/about.not aware of eg: Martinwas ignorant of literature Paraphra

35、se1) She doesnt knowwhatlifereallyis.2) He didntknowmy absence fromthe meeting.3) We dont knowwhathas happened.4) They are unaware of our presence. ignorance n.u the state of being ignorant;wantof knowledge 不知 , 无知eg: Ifhe did wrong,itwas onlythroughignorance.be in complete ignorance of.eg: I am inc

36、omplete ignorance ofhis plan.Use the noun formignorancein the following:1) We are ignorantof his plot.2) They were unaware ofthe true facts.3) The teacher didntknowwhat the students had done.13. daze daze vt.a). make sb. feel stupid orunable to thinkclearly使人惶惑或眩晕可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结daze sb.eg:

37、So muchworkdazed me.Ifanyone gives you a blowon the head, youllfeel dazed.b). surprise and bewildersb.eg: I was dazed by her sudden offer. dazed adj.eg:a dazed look/manner茫然的神态或举止 daze n.- the state of being dazedin a daze -in a confused state 处于茫然状态eg: Ive been in a completedaze since I heard the n

38、ews.14. assure assure vt.cause sb. to be sure, to feel certain assure sb./oneself of sth.eg: I can assure you of myfullsupport foryour plan.Peter assured me ofhis interest in books.Paraphrase1) Illmake him believe whatI said istrue.2) He triedto make me feel sure that he wouldwelcomeme.assure sb. th

39、at. 向.保证eg:We triedto assure him that we were right.They assured him that nothingwouldhappen to him.Change the following into simple sentences:1) I assured them that they wouldbe perfectlysafe withus.2) They triedto assure me that what they said was true.3) I can assure you that Illfullysupport you.

40、assure oneself that. -make sure. 的确弄清晰 , 确保eg: The man assured himselfthat the bridge was safe.Paraphrase1) The boy made sure that he couldcatch the train.2) Beinggoing tobed, she make sure that she had locked the door. assuredadj.definite确定的 , 自信的eg: There is an assured demand forgoods.He spoke inhis assured tone. assurance n.- certainty,confidence 确信 , 信心do sth. withassuranceeg: He answered the questionwithassurance.He often speaks withassurance.have assurance of .eg:I have fullassurance ofhis honesty.I have assurance of his support.gi