概念英语4记录材料汇总.doc

Lesson 1 Finding fossil man New words and expressions recount /rikaunt/ v.叙述 / reikaunt/ 再数一次 record / rek[d/ /ri kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后 叙述：recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict： a little emotional narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。 portray：描述 saga /sa:g[/ n.英雄故事 描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ AnWr[pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家 anthrop：人 philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人） anthropology :人类学 带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学 remote/ rim[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前面 forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹 trace the problem I follow your trace＝i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hearted fossil / fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石 Notes on the text 课文注释 read of 读到 谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east 非限定性从句，表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留，保存（腌制） 如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的人 fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生 migration ：移民　１）migrant ２）immigrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people＋s　民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千方百计，费尽周折＝explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however－anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore－自由 so－自由 tool:小工具 instrument:实验器械 equipment:设备 shape:成型；教育，改造 may also have:表推测 peel:果皮 leather:皮革 hide:兽皮　cowhide:牛皮 without (any) trace:无影无踪 Lesson 2 Spare that spider New words and expressions flocks and herds 牛群和羊群 　／flCk/ the birds of the same feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分 　　　　　you are the same flock.也可指人 　herd多指牛群　　cowherd cowboy throng and crowd swarm owe /[U/ vt.感激 欠　i owe you. i owe you a big favor. 欠 issue oblige indebt appreciate----常用口语词 正式：grateful thankful beast /bi: st/ n 兽 形容人野蛮无比，不能用animal 形容 　　　　　　　creature可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性． fraction / ＇frAkF[n/ n.小部分 分数，小数　a fraction of rice will suffice on one＇s behalf 代表．．．利益 I beat you on your behalf.我打你是为你好 on behalf of somebody /something e.g on behalf of chinese government on behalf of ＝represent authority /C:＇WCriti/ n.权威 authorize批准　authoritative权威性的　authoritarian独裁的 －tarian带有这种词缀的词都是坏词 dictator独裁者　　　dictatorial独裁的 authorities １．权威（可单数可复数）　２．当局（复数） census /sens[s/ n.统计数据　the fifth national population census. censor审查 censorious 挑剔的，挑刺的 acre /＇eik[/ n.英亩　１acre＝４０４７square meters football pitch 足球场　football yard football court football field be content with 满足于 满足作表语，不能出现定语结构 He is content with status quo. contented heart :心满意足的人 spare /spZ[/ v. 不伤害，宽恕　　spare me He doesn’t spare himself. I spare no efforts to learn english.( spare no efforts: 不遗余力作什么) Notes on the text 课文注释 why, you may wonder－you may wonder why插入语　先不管插入语，弄清句子结构 you may wonder why spiders should be our friends？插入语位置不固定 why以疑问句 开头 why,you may wonder,the problem of pollution befalls human beings. why,you may wonder,one of my friends is so kindhearted. destroy程度比damage要重得多，片甲不留，消灭光 tear into pieces greatest enemies:天敌 dying enemy crying enemy dear enemy human race:人的种族，一般不加复数，表示一个总称词 impossible 和possible 永远不要以人开头 It is impossible for somebody to do something. likely可以以人做主语。i am likely to go. probable 也不以人做主语 they would表示假设 devour狼吞虎咽devour the food make a cake of myself make a god of myself devour the book it虚拟语气 前面是主句，下面是条件句 前面一般的加动词devour,后面用一般过去时 If it were not for:如果这不是因为 I would not survive if it were not for his timely help. but for 一定是虚拟语气 ＝if it were not for owe感激，欠 i owe you. 引出主题 all of them put together:把他们堆到一起 谓语动词是kill destroyed后置定语，重心转到spider Lesson 3 Matterhorn man New words and expressions 1、 alpinist(1.1)/$lpinist/n．登山运动员 climber mountaineer 词根：alp- Alps(1.16)/$lps/ n．阿尔卑斯山脉Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj．阿尔卑斯山的 2、 attain(1.4)/+tein/ v．到达 to get to to arrive at/in to attain one’s goal=realize to attain the top/peak/summit 达到顶点 attain youth 永葆青春 attainment (n) attainments 成就 accomplishment 3、perilous(1.5)/peril+s/adj．危险的 peril （随时可能出现的）危险 avalanche雪崩 4、shudder (1.5)/M)d+/ v．不寒而栗 shudder:quick and sudden tremble:long and very obvious quiver:excitement ,maybe cold shiver: cold and nervous 5、go out of one’s way 专门 by the way 顺路 too much for me 受不起 6、 court （multiple meanings 多义词） 1） 朝廷 朝臣courtier 2） courteous彬彬有礼的 3） 法庭 4） 娱乐场 足球场soccer/football court高尔夫球场golf court 5） 追求 6） 招致 骄兵必败pride courts failure 7、 solitary(1.6)/s&lrt+ri/adj．唯一的 sol-独 solo独唱 独奏 solitude 孤独 I live in solitude.=I live a lonely life. 8、 pioneer(1.2)/?pai+n+/ v．开辟，倡导；n．先锋，开辟者 9、 impoverish(11.9-10)/$mp&v+rM/v．使贫困 poor（口语词） 罗素名言：A great many man will cheerfully face inpoverishment if they can secure complete ruin for their rival,hence present level of taxation. 许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税收水平。 10、coarse(1.12)/k&:s/adj．粗劣的 coarse throat 嗓子哑 sore throat 嗓子发炎 coarse fare 粗粮 refined fair细粮 coarse and refined in a coarse manner粗暴无礼11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v．自恃有 用法：以人作主语，夸耀；以物作主语，拥有 He boasted that of his knowledge. The center boasts a team of high qualify(qualified researchers.) 12、parishioner(1.13)/p+riM+n+/n．教区居民 parish教区 13、shepherd(1.14)/Mep+d/n．牧羊人 sheepshep 羊 herd 兽群 14、linen(1.15)/linin/n．亚麻布床单 Notes on the text 课文注释 1、Route 路线 Road 道路 2、good sports :stimulus 刺激 thrilling 震撼、兴奋 3、regard regard sb with sth(感情词love \hatred\horror\respect) Dad, I regard you with horror.爸爸，我很害怕你。 4、pineering days, ancient (先人时期) 5、not at all 根本不 case这回事 6、be doing 表达当时的行动（状态） 7、top:顶点 summit 山顶 peak山顶 The scenery is at the peak of the mountain.无限风光在险峰。 I am at the top of the world.我在世界之巅。 Summit meeting峰会 8、 attain 到达 conquer 征服 9、be of the most perilous nature nature 特点、特性 the most perilous difficulties and dangers 学会be of the + adj+noun 结构He is the kindest man. =He is the man of the kindest man. 10、equipped 表示当时的一种伴随。 11、in a manner 以这样的方式 12、make sb do sth (省to 结构) 13、at the thought 一想到 ，mention一提到,idea 一想到 这个结构后面加介词of 原文即 at the thought of their poor equipment 14、go out of one’s way 刻意 intentionally eye catching引人注目的 15、the real living conditions 真实生存状况 16、nowadays 插入语，现在回想起来，可在句首、句末 17、except for 把其中的一部分扣除 18、tend to be 倾向于 19、settlement 生存地、驻扎地 20、cut off=which are cut off 21、flea ridden跳蚤 22、as they were 可以这么说，插入语 还有as it were This book is , as it were, his life portrait. 这本书，可是说，是他的人生写照。 23、local当地的 24、wine低度酒 alcohol 酒精 alcoholic酒鬼 25、boast 拥有 priest牧师 shepherd牧羊人 invariably=all the same 26、dirt and poverty， and very uncomfortable （结构不符合习惯，不可学） 27、course一道菜 28、must have been表推测 29、be accustomed to ,be used to + 名词、动名词 I am used to the life in Bejing. I am used to living in Bejing. 30、早餐：scratch a meal 中午餐：snack快餐 晚餐：dinner 31、the change to Education brings great change to his outlook/view on life. 教育使他的面貌（对生活的看法）产生了很大变化。 Lesson 4 Seeing hands New words and expressions 1、Perceive 察觉，瞬间感觉到的 to make out 费尽心机辨出 I looked thoroughly for my elderly mother, finally I make her out . Yeah, I remembered, I finally make him out. I perceive a fly in my teacup. 2、elbow one’s way (用肘)挤出 elbow one’s way out of the crowed.挤出人群 Lesson 5 No Room in the Ark New words and expressions （good article : five stars 该文写得不错。） the + n.(s) 表示一类: the gorilla(s) scene 场景 in the African scene : Africa as the background gather palace 聚集地 something of a paradox 自相矛盾（人对猩猩的观点） contradictory ideas about him 主题句：One thinks one knows him very well. 问题：Yet the fact is we know very little about gorillas. Their ideas vary。人们对他的观点相差很大。 For a hundred years or more 一百年甚至更多（包括一百年） For more than one hundred years 一百多年 西方，动物一般用人称代替。本文中，gorillas用him代替。另外有：cat - she, dog - he . imprisoned 关起来圈养 be mounted in natural history museums 陈列在自然历史博物馆 重点句型： He exert a strong fascination upon(on) Sb. 施加给人们强大的魅力 exert … on … 施加（压力） impose … on … ,例如 impose influence on , impose pressure on 上句可表示为 He have a strong fascination for Sb. 或The gorilla is always fascinating to Sb. alike adv.相同，一样 adj.只能做表语。例如： The two are alike. 这两人真像。 形容词只要以a开头，99.99%都做表语。不能做定语词。 例如：asleep , awake ,afloat等 He is the stereotyped monster of the horror films and the adventure books. stereotyped - old time 老样子 horror films 恐怖片 film (英) movie (美) the stereotyped monster 经典模式 省略主语and (he is) an obvious (…) link with our ancestral past link with … 与…相联系 our ancestral past (n.) through not perhaps strikly scientific 尽管话说回来，不是严格的科学概念 through 引导的从句主语和主句相同，可以省略。 Eg: I arrived at the meeting , though (I was ) late. Yet 与however表示转折意思完全相同。但yet 用在句首however加标点，可以用在自由位置。 重要句型： No really satisfactory photograph has ever been taken of one in … Take picture / photograph 照相 of one 定语后置，satisfactory photograph of one。主要是为了句子的平衡。One 指gorilla in a wild state 在野生状态下 keep the … under … observation 把某事处于观察之下 keep the city clean 保持城市清洁 close and constant observation 持续不断的观察 Eg: I have to keep the boy under close control. To control the boy very strikly. 插入语：however intrepid = no matter how intrepid 无论多么英勇 Eg: No man , however intelligent , is perfect. No palace, however peaceful and tranquil , is a paradise. lies buried here among the animals he loved so well 埋葬在他所钟爱的动物中间 形容词做状语：lie awake , lie crouched lifespan 寿命 how long the gorilla lives 因为猩猩的寿命客观存在，所以live 用一般现代时。 Organ’s decay 器官衰竭 Nor 引导否定并列句，与unable并列 生活方式：group living , individual living 智力：intelligence - IQ , intelligence qoutient CIA - the Central Intelligence Agency of America CID - Criminal investigation Division 重案组，罪犯调查科 All this and many other thing remain (amost as much ) a mystery (as ) they were. as much as 同the same as …remain a mystery the same as they were. He is as much a musician as a writer.= He is both a musician and a writer. civilized world 文明世界 savaged world 野生世界 civilized : to get away from wild life 中文中的“文明单位”不能用civilized , 应该用model 或pace setting unit I’m a pace soldiery。我是排头兵。 The Abominable Snowman who haunts the imagination of climbers in the Himalayas is hardly more elusive. 那萦绕在喜马拉雅山爬山者脑海中的那种令人难以捉摸的雪人，看起来也不一定比我们研究的大猩猩更加令人费尽心思。（通过侧面比较，引出结论，一种有用的写作方法） Abominable Snowman 作比较，省略gorilla Lesson 6 Youth New words and expressions sb. take leave to do sth. 允许某人做某事，冒昧做某事 get down to sth. 认真研究 get down to +名词／动名词 glorious 光辉灿烂的 rub 难题 teenager 青少年 for one thing 原因之一，有一点是… 连接词… for another identity 身份 air of freedom 无拘无束 air:神态、气势 dreary 沉郁的 ambition 追名逐利 cosmic being 宇宙人 human being 人 violent 强烈的，暴力的 suburban 见识不广的，有偏见的 conceited 自高自大的 presumptuous 自以为是的，放肆的 fatuous 愚蠢的 clich 陈词滥调 I take leave to say… 我冒昧地说… I take leave to be frank 恕我直言。口语：maybe I’m too bold… or . I’m bold enough… or. Allow myself to say … Take one’s leave = take leave 离开（正式用法） Would you please take your leave? 我很烦的几种表示法： What a bore. What a nuisance. What a trial What a jerk. get down to + 名词/动名词 例：我开始学习了。 I get down to my studies. I get down to learning my book. to- 介词 同义词： be engaged in glorious glory n. 光荣 （rosy ,shining , brilliant , magnificent , gorgeous） in one’s glory: 在某人的鼎盛时期 in one’s day in one’s golden days in one’s prime time in the pride of one’s life rub 摩擦 at odds 有矛盾 have words with sb. 和…拌嘴 Do you get the rub? Do you get the picture? Do you catch me ? Do you get me ? What’s the range?问年龄 Teenager 14到18 Under thirteen.Adolescent: 13到16 Juvenile 青少年 Youth 20到30 Air :神态（多用复数） He always puts on airs. 摆谱 Arrogant airs : 傲气 Bureaucratic airs : 官气 Finicky airs 娇气 Dreary 同: drearisome a.无味，无聊 Sterile : 枯燥无味 Monotonous: 乏味无聊 Gloomy： 沉闷 Lifeless: 无生气的 I have ambition for going abroad/to gao abroad. Fish …(wealth and fame) Chase …(fame and gains) Pursue … Cosmic 宇宙 Cosmonaut 宇航员 = astronaut Astro-/aster 天体 Disaster Cosmic place :大都市 Metropolis: 大都市 Violent nonviolence 非暴力 狂风：violent wind 暴死：violent death vehement 猛烈的 同义词：turbulent tumultuous suburb 郊区 urbane: 有礼貌的 short-sighted 目光短浅的 narroe-minded/small-minded insular 绝缘，目光短浅的 provincial conceited 自高自大的 骄傲的 conceit(n.) pride 自豪 big-headed 头发胀的 cocky 自负的 chicken 胆小鬼 sweller 膨胀的 over-confident people are always talking about ‘ the problem of youth’. Are talking _ 到目前为止一直讨论 ‘the problem of youth ’ 加引号，引用。 -which I take leave to doubt 插入语 “我冒昧的说”，表示怀疑 -If there is any,同样表示怀疑 straight forward 开门见山 it is older people who creat it.-强调句 let us (speaker exclusive) - Let’s (speaker inclusive) get down to fundamentals fundamental = basic 基本的 fundamentalist 信奉正统基督教的人 after all - 退一步 like - (介词) 省略了谓语 are people are just lije their elders glorious future 光辉的未来 splendid future光辉的未来（已过去的，对老年人而言） where the rub is 症结所在，问题就出在这 hatred : 憎恨 ironical 讽刺的，用反语的 uncertain 后面省略用法 I would have been 虚拟语气 Something 重要的东西 You are somebody. 你是重要人物 So .. as … 后置定语 出色： outstanding stand out 站出来，鹤立鸡群 cut figure 崭露头角 one of the things 正是其中之一 seeking = looking for exciting 令人激动的 air of freedom 无拘无束 = carefree , freedom from care commitment 专注(to + 名词/动名词) love = seek 追求 mean 意味着，小气卑鄙 = disgusting anxious 虎视眈眈的 polish 擦，磨 apple polisher 溜须拍马 bootlicker 拍马屁者 no devotion to 热爱（贬） material things 物质享受 to me 在我看来（插入语） life 生机 lifeless 没生机的，死气沉沉的 link with 把什么联系起来 origin 起源 original 原本的 as if 虚拟假设 in some sence 可以这么说吧（插入语 ） in contrast with 与…比较 violent 强烈= strong lovely 生动的，完美的 后置的同位语- suburban creatures 前面用得是 - cosmic beings mediocre 平庸的 idol 偶像 idiot 傻瓜 conceited 自负 ill-mannered 粗暴 presumptuous 自以为是的 fatuous 愚蠢无比的 turn for protection to 寻求保护 turn to 求助 dreary = boring clich 沉郁的 clich 陈词滥调，老生常谈 Lesson 7 The sporting spirit New words and expressions goodwill=friendship n.友好 goodwill games:友好运动会 goodwill visit:友好访问 pay a goodwill visit to official visit:官方正式访问 state visit:国事访问 cricket n.板球 as merry as a cricket(蟋蟀) 形容心情高兴，快乐无比 inclination n. 意愿 incline v. be inclined to do sth 表示强烈的意愿 I am inclined to take toefl. willing show inclination to follow ones inclinati