湖南牛津高级中学英语学习知识重点要点解读.doc

.\ 目 录 词 汇 部 分 Module 1 Unit 1 School Life………………………………………………………………… 2 Unit 2 Growing Pains…………………………………………………………….. 8 Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good………………………………………………. 13 Module 2 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained…………………………………………………… 18 Unit 2 Wish you were here………………………………………………………... 22 Unit 3 Amazing people……………………………………………………………. 27 Module 3 Unit1 The world of our senses……………………………………………………. 33 Unit 2 Language…………………………………………………………………… 37 Unit 3 Back to the past…………………………………………………………….. 43 Module 4 Unit 1 Advertising………………………………………………………………… 46 Unit 2 Sporting events…………………………………………………………….. 51 Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world…………………………………………………………. 54 Module 5 Unit 1 Getting along with others………………………………………………….. 59 Unit 2 The environment…………………………………………………………… 63 Unit 3 Science versus nature……………………..................................................... 68 语 法 部 分 (一) 句子…………………………………………………………………………. 74 (二) 英文词类……………………………………………………………………. 76 (三) 短语…………………………………………………………………………. 81 (四) 简单句………………………………………………………………………. 83 (五) 谓语动词语态和时态………………………………………………………. 84 (六) 情态助动词…………………………………………………………………. 89 (七) 非谓语动词…………………………………………………………………. 93 (八) 一致………………………………………………………………………….. 96 (九) 主谓倒装……………………………………………………………………. 98 (十) 复杂句………………………………………………………………………. 100 (十一)主从复合句及“定语从句”………………………………………………… 100 (十二)状语从句…………………………………………………………………… 103 (十三) 名词性从句……………………………………………………………….. 107 (十四) it的用法和强调句………………………………………………………… 109 学法指导…………………………………………………………………………... 110 写作部分………………………………………………………………………….. 113 模拟试卷一……………………………………………………………………….. 118 模拟试卷二……………………………………………………………………….. 126 参考答案………………………………………………………………………….. 134 湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读•英语 词汇部分 Module 1 Unit 1 School Life 一、【学习目标】 1.掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。 2.学会运用所学词汇描述校园生活和学校设施；学会写通知和海报等。 ★本单元重要词组： at ease with 和…相处不拘束 be happy with 对…感到满意 the way to do sth 做某事的方法 earn respect from 赢得…的尊敬 achieve high grades 获得高分 sound like 听起来象 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 school hours 学校作息时间 at lunch time 在吃午饭的时候 for free 免费 at the end of term 在学期末 get a general idea 了解大意 as well as 除…之外还有 key words 关键词 word by word 逐字逐句地 be available to sb 对某人来说可以使用的 break times 课间休息时间 upon doing sth 刚一做某事 develop an interest in 培养对…的兴趣 donate …to… 把…捐赠给… more than 不仅仅 inform sb of sth 告知某人某事 pay attention to 注意 make a decision 作决定 be responsible for对…负责 consist of 包含，由…构成 come up with 想出 base …on … 把…建立于…基础之上 sign up 报名参加 二、【要点解读】 1. attend v. 出席，参加，到场; 注意;照料 [短语搭配] attend school/class/church 上学/上课/去教堂做礼拜 attend a meeting/lecture/wedding/ 参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼 attend to sb/sth 注意；倾听；专心干；照料，处理 attend (on/upon) sb 伺候/照顾某人 [典型例句] Hell attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要的会议。 If you don’t attend to your teacher, you’ll never learn anything. 你要是不注意听老师讲，你就会什么也学不到。 I may be late——I have one or two things to attend to. 我可能会迟到，我还有一两件事要处理。 The patient has three nurses attending (on) her. 那个病人有三个护士看护。 [词语辨析] join, join in, take part in和attend的用法比较 ▲join有两个用法： 1. 指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一。如： When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的？ 2. 和某人一道做某事，其结构为：join sb in (doing) sth，根据上下文，in (doing) sth也可以省去。 Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？ Were going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us? 我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你跟我们一道去好吗？ ▲join in多指参加小规模的活动，如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。如： Come along, and join in the ball game. 快，来参加球赛。 ▲take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。 Well take part in social practice during the summer vacation. 暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。 take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。 Lincoln took an active part in political activities and was strongly against slavery. 林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。 ▲attend是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学；听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。如： I attended his lecture. 我听了他的讲课。 2. prepare v. 准备, 预备 [基本构词] preparation n. 准备, 预备 prepared adj. 准备好的 [短语搭配] prepare for=make preparations for为…做准备 prepare sb for/ to do sth使某人为…做准备 prepare sb sth为某人准备… be prepared for 对…做好准备 be prepared to do sth 愿意做某事，乐意做某事 prepare a meal / one’s lesson 准备饭（功课） [典型例句] The secretary has prepared the president a long report. = The secretary has prepared a long report for the president. 秘书已为董事长准备好了一份长篇报告稿。 Will you help me prepare for the get-together of the old classmates? 你能否帮我为这次老同学聚会做好准备工作? We are prepared to supply the goods you ask for. 我们能够且愿意供应你要的货物。 3. experience n. [C] 经历，阅历 [U] 经验 v. 体验；经历 [基本构词] experienced adj. 有经验的 [短语搭配] have experience in /of doing sth 有做某事的经验 be experienced in /at doing sth 做某事有经验 experienced teachers有经验的教师 [典型例句] I know from experience that he will arrive late. 据我的经验，他会迟到的。 He had many interesting experiences while travelling in Africa. 他在非洲旅行时，有很多有趣的经历。 He experienced great hardships for the first time in his life. 他有生以来第一次体验到巨大的艰苦。 He has had much experience in /of this kind of work. 他有丰富的经验做这项工作。 4. develop v. 培养，养成；发展，开发；冲洗照片等 [基本构词] development n. 发展，进展，开发 developed adj. 先进的，发达的 developing adj. 发展中的 [短语搭配] develop a film 冲洗胶片 develop a mine 开矿 develop into 发展成，变成 be under development 在发展中 a developing/developed country 发展中的国家/发达国家 [典型例句] The best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits. 确保我们身体健康的一个最好方法就是养成良好的饮食习惯。 Can you develop this film for us？ 你能为我们冲洗这胶卷吗？ He says his country wants to develop its traditional friendship with China. 他说他们的国家希望发展和中国传统的友谊。 Parents watch the development of a baby with interest. 父母饶有兴趣地关注着婴儿的生长。 5. attention n. 注意，关注 [基本构词] attend v. 看护，照料，服侍；出席，参加 attentively ad. 注意地 [短语搭配] pay attention to (doing) sth 注意（做）某事 draw / attract/ call one’s attention (to sth) 吸引某人的注意 fix / focus one’s attention on sth 集中注意力于… [典型例句] Pay attention to the road signs. 注意路牌。 He called our attention to what he said. 他提醒我们注意他说的话。 The rising unemployment drew his attention. 失业率日益升高引起了他的注意。 He fixed his attention on writing. 他专心写作。 6. please v. 使某人满意或愉快 [基本构词] pleased adj. 欣喜的，满意地 pleasant adj. 舒适的，讨人喜欢的 pleasure n. 高兴，满足，乐事 [短语搭配] please sb 取悦某人 be pleased with sb 对某人感到满意 be pleased with /about/at sth 对…高兴（满意） be pleased to do sth 高兴地做… [典型例句] He looked very pleased with himself so I knew he had passed his driving test. 他看来得意洋洋,所以我知道他已通过驾驶考试。 I am very pleased with what he has done. 我对他的工作很满意。 I am very pleased to meet you. 很高兴遇见你。 I am very pleased (that) youve decided to come. 你决定来我很高兴。 The weather there isnt very pleasant. 那儿的气候不太好。 It gives me great pleasure to keep plants and grow flowers at home. 在家养花种草给我很多乐趣。 It is a pleasure to hear her sing. 听她唱歌是一桩乐事。 7. regret v. 感到遗憾, 抱歉, 后悔, 惋惜 n. 遗憾, 悔恨, 抱歉, 歉意 [短语搭配] without regret 毫无遗憾地 to one’s regret 令某人遗憾的是 [典型例句] Her regret was that she never had the chance of seeing him. 她遗憾的是从来没有机会见到他。 I regret having done this, but I had no choice. 我很遗憾做了这件事，但我没有别的办法。 [词语辨析] ▲regret to do 对要做的事遗憾(未做) ▲regret doing/having done 对做过的事遗憾、后悔(已做) I regret to tell you that you’re not fit for the job. 很遗憾地告诉你，你不适合这个工作。 To this day I do not regret having made the remark. 到今天我也不后悔说了那番话。 8. require v. 要求；需要 [基本构词] requirement n. (可数)必需（品）；必要条件 [典型例句] This plan requires careful consideration. 这个计划还需要仔细考虑。 These flowers require watering. 这些花需要浇水了。（doing含有被动的意思） All the members are required to attend the meeting. 要求所有的会员参加会议。 The court required that he should pay the fine. 法院下令他缴付罚款。（宾语从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形） 三、【学法指导】 （一）词汇测试考点 词汇题主要测试学生对考纲内词汇和短语的词义、用法和搭配的辨认和运用能力。测试的重点主要有： 1. 词性及词形辨析 英语中有一部分单词的动词形式和名词形式很接近，容易混淆，如advise, advice；practise，practice；affect，effect等等。还有一部分单词形式上雷同，但意义及用法相去甚远，某些由相同词根衍生出来的单词，意义也不同，切不可望文生义。如：adapt（适应；改编）和adopt（采纳；收养）；sensitive（敏感的）和sensible（明智的）；late（迟的）和lately（近来）；available（可利用的）和advisable（可取的）等等。 2. 近义词或词组辨析，包括搭配关系 出题者往往针对考生只记中文意思，而不花心思掌握词或词组用法这一薄弱环节，将一系列近义词或词组放在一起，若把握不住选项之间的语义内涵及差异，失分的可能性极大。 3. 关于不定代词、数词、形容词及副词等的用法 这一类题型属于复习的“盲区”，很容易被忽视，不定代词常考的有any(任一)、another(泛指另外一个)、the other(特指两方中的另一方)、one(某一)、none(没有人)、nothing(没有东西)、neither(两者中没有一个)、either(两者中任一方)，both(都)、all(三个或三个以上都)、anyone(任何一人)、anything(任何一物)等等；数词主要考核基数词和序数词的用法；形容词主要考核多个形容词的次序问题；副词则偏重在词义辨析及修饰对象上是修饰动词还是修饰形容词。 4. 动词短语和介词短语的搭配和辨义 有些词组或表达方式在题干中往往只出现一部分，另一部分则由选项来补全。常见搭配关系的考点居多，但也有搭配关系成立，而句意不合的情况出现。词与词组的常见搭配有“名词+介词”、“动词+介词／副词”、“动词+名词”、“形容词+介词”、“介词短语”。其中与动词搭配的介词或副词可构成词义辨析题。这类动词中常见的有：take, go, get, give, carry, cut, make, put, bring, break,call, pull, turn, hand, set等。做这类题时一定要看清楚空格前后的动词、介词或名词以选择合适的搭配关系，平时也要注意积累相关短语。 四、【习题训练】 A组 单项填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Bob, would you please get this film ______ ? I wonder if this camera works. A. washed B. developed C. printed D. shown 2. In this mountain area, wood was ______ a fire, which caused the destruction of forests. A. used to make B. used to making C. use to make D. used to making 3. The journalist missed ______ when he was covering the war in Iraq. A. killing B. to be killed C. to kill D. being killed 4. My car needs ______ every three days, so we have to save the cost. A. to oil B. be oiled C. oiling D. to oiled 5. If most breadwinners ______ a day’s pay to the project for the poor, then it will be hopeful. A. show B. donate C. present D. give 6. ——I’d like to book a room for tonight. ——Sorry, sir, but we don’t have any rooms______ right now. A. usable B. comfortable C. available D. suitable 7. I am very ______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and has a ______ smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 8. As everyone knows, only by hard working can you _______ the goal. A. achieve B. receive C. believe D. relieve 9. We will wait for further information. You’d better keep us ______. A. heard B. informed C. realized D. recognized 10. More than 5,000 people ______ the meeting. That’s really a grand meeting! A. took B. attended C. took part D. joined 11.——I regret ______ you John has been fired. ——How come? I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine worker. A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told 12. The school edition of 21st Century is ______ a newspaper. It helps us to improve our English and broaden our horizon. A. no less than B. no more than C. less than D. more than 13. Hearing his travelling ______, I knew that he was an ______ traveller. A. experiences; experienced B. experience; experience C. experiences; experiencing D. experience; experiencing 14.______ me, he walked up to me, wearing a brilliant smile. A. To see B. For seeing C. On seeing D. Because seeing 15. One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to ______ healthy eating habits. A. grow B. develop C. increase D. raise B组 完成译文 根据中文原文完成下列各英文译文。（每空限填一个词） 1. 赢得全体师生尊敬的最好方法就是努力学习并取得好成绩。 The best way to ______ _______ from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. 2. 我们的广播俱乐部不只是播放音乐，每天早上我们播放时事新闻和天气预报。 Our radio club is _______ _______ just music. Every morning we tell students about weather report and recent news. 3. 我很高兴经历了一种不同的生活方式。 I am pleased to experience a different ______ ______ ______ . 4. 周末在家上网听起来像个不错的主意。 To surf the Internet at home at the weekend ______ ______ a good idea. 5. 我们很遗憾地通知大家，科学馆在下周四关闭。 We ______ ______ ______ you that Science Laboratory will be closed next Thursday. 6. 发短信给1659,你就会免费获得一个精美礼品。 Send the short message to 1659 and you will get a wonderful gift______ ______ . 7. 作为英语老师,我们应该尽我们所能去培养学生学英语的兴趣。 As English teachers, we should do all we can to ______ the students’ ______in learning English. 8. 他一进屋就坐下来看书。 ______ ______ the room, he sat down and began to read. C组 please, prepare, inform, experience, broadcast, introduce, challenge, continue, achieve, regret 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Have you ______ Yoga? 2. Were ______ to listen to her ______ voice. 3. You can hear the programme ______ every Wednesday. Don’t miss it! 4. Let me ______ myself first, my name is Jason. 5. According to the weather report, the weather will ______ fine till this weekend. 6. The success of the experiment proves that we have made great ______ in the study of computer. 7. To our ______, the Japanese never feel ______for what they did in the second war. 8. City people want to be outdoors on the weekend and do something ______, like mountain climbing, bungee and so on. 9. While I was busy ______for the final examination, I spent some time working out in the gym every day. 10. The manager hoped to be ______ of how our business was going on. Module 1 Unit 2 Growing Pains 一、【学习目标】 1.掌握和青少年成长有关的常用单词、词组与句型。 2.运用所学词汇谈论青少年经常遇到的问题。 ★本单元重要词组： turn up 调高声音; 出现 a waste of 浪费 spare time 空余时间 than expected 比预料的要… can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地要做某事 expect…from… 从…指望… be supposed to do 被期望或要求做,应该做 do …with… 处置 be a mess/ in a mess 乱成一团 leave sb in charge 委托某人负责 act like 行为举止像 go unpunished 不受惩罚 go out 熄灭 not…any more 不再 have one’s arm crossed 双臂交叉抱在胸前 be hard on sb 对某人苛刻 now that 既然 feel like (doing)sth 想要做某事 in the form of 以…的形式 stay up 熬夜，不睡 after all 毕竟 mix up 混淆 as though/if 好像，似乎 insist on (doing) sth 坚持(做)某事 Internet Caf 网吧 at present目前 forbid sb from doing sth/forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事 like crazy 发疯似的，拼命的 二、【要点解读】 1. surprise v. 使…惊奇, 使…震惊 n. 惊奇，惊异；吃惊的事 [基本构词] surprised adj. 感到吃惊的 surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 [短语搭配] surprise sb 使某人吃惊 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是… in surprise 惊奇地，吃惊地 by surprise 出其不意地 be surprised to do sth 做某事感到吃惊 [典型例句] The news greatly surprised us. 这条消息使我们大为惊讶。 Her face showed surprise at the news. 听到这个消息她脸上露出了惊奇的神情。 He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到使我大吃一惊。 To our surprise, the boy won the prize. 使我们惊奇的是这个男孩获奖了。 “How did you come here?” she said in surprise. “你怎么到这儿来的?”她惊讶地说。 [词语辨析] ▲surprising 具有主动意义，多用来表示事物的特征，在句中多作定语或表语。 ▲surprised 具有被动意义，多用来表示人的心理特征，在句中多作定语，表语或状语。 He gave me some surprising news. 他给我带来一些令人惊讶的消息。 The result is surprising. 结果是令人惊讶的。 I was surprised to see him there. 我真想不到会在那儿见到他。 Surprised at his success, we asked him how he had made it. 类似的单词还有：worried/worrying, pleased/pleasing, excited/exciting, encouraged/encouraging, interested/interesting, satisfied/satisfying, bored/boring, scared/scaring, frightened/frightening, frustrated/frustrating等。 对他的成功感到很惊讶，我们问他是怎么做到的。 2．charge n. 负责，管理；收费；控告 v. 收(费)，索(价)；控告 [短语搭配] in /under the charge of sb 由某人负责 have /take charge of 照顾，管理，负责 in charge of 主管 free of charge 免费地 charge sb some money (for sth) 向某人要价多少 charge sb with sth 指控某人某事 [典型例句] What is the charge in the hotel? 这旅馆收费多少? Doctors have charge of the sick people. 医生负责照顾病人。 Soon he will take charge of the department. 他很快会来负责管理这个部门。 The ticket is free of charge. 这票是免费的。 He charged me 100 dollars for this coat. 这