概念英语第二册课本学习知识和翻译.doc

-` 新概念英语第二册课文及翻译 Lesson 1 A private conversation私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily(状语). They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I cant hear a word! I said angrily.‘It’s none of your business, the young man said rudely. This is a private conversation!. 上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！”“不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！” 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】生词和短语 ★private　 adj.私人的　 its my private letter/house ；美式英语private school:私立学校 英式英语：公学 ETON (private school) privacy：隐私　 its a privacy. adj. 《Private Ryan》 private soldier：大兵 private life：私生 Letter n. 首字母 public：公众的，公开的 public school ； public letter 公开信 ；public place :公共场所 ★conversation　n.谈话 uni verse转动 uniform Uni--bi--tri--quar-pent-sex/hex-sept-oct-nov---dec Bilateral trade 双边贸易 triangle quarter pentagon sex 古罗马历法 10个月---12 凯撒大帝 julis---July 七月 屋大维 augusto--August 八月 September九月(原七月）---septwolves October 十月（原八月）---octopus November December---- decade subject of conversation：话题 辨析： conversation, dialogue, talk, chat 这些名词均含“交谈”之意。 conversation： 一般用词， 指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交谈。 talk： 通用词， 可与conversation换用， 但当talk用作复数时指正式交谈。如six-party talks 六方会谈 / phone talks 电话会谈 / peace talks 和谈（和平谈判）。 dialogue： 指“对话”， 多指剧中的对白。 chat： 指熟人之间非常随便的交谈， 强调谈话的亲密和非正式性。 ★theatre　 n.剧场，戏剧 cinema:　电影院 ★seat　　n.座位　 have a good seat(place) take a seat : 座下来，就座 take your seat/take a seat Is the seat taken?　这个座位有人吗？no/yes sit down ,please seat　take your seat,please be seated,please 更为礼貌 seat是及物动词，后面有宾语 sit是不及物动词，后面不加宾语 seat后面会加人; seat sb;　seat him;　seat sb.:让某人就座 he is sitting there. you seat him; 〖语法精粹〗 When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture. A.sit　 B.set　C.seated　 D.were seated ★play　 n.戏 ★loudly adv. 大声的 ★angry　adj. 生气的 cross=angry ;　I was angry.He was cross. annoyed: 恼火的; I was annoyed. I was angry/cross. I was very angry. be blue in the face; I am blue in the face. ★angrily　adv. 生气的 副词修饰动词 ★attention　n. 注意 Attention ,please. 请注意 pay attention :注意 pay attention to : 对什么注意 You must pay attention to that girl. pay a little attention :稍加注意 pay much attention :多加注意 pay more attention :更多注意 pay no attention　 :不用注意 pay close attention 密切关注 链接 1） draw/catch/arrest/attract one’s attention 吸引某人注意力 2） turn one’s attention to ...把注意力转向… 3） focus/fix one’s attention on 集中注意力于… 4） distract/divert attention from... 分散注意 ★bear(bore,borne)　v. 容忍 I cant bear/stand you endure :忍受,容忍 endurable put up with :忍受 I got divorced.I could not put up with him suffer:遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)+痛苦 I suffer the headache. Suffer from He often suffers defeat. bear/stand/endure=put up with 忍受的极限在加大 bear n.熊　white bear bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱 give sb a bear hug ★Business　n. 事 Business man :生意人 business card /name card 名片 do Business: 做生意 Harvard business college on Business:出差 I went to Tianjin on Business. thing　可以指事情,也可以指东西 Its my Business 私人事情=Its none of your Business= None of your Business ★rudely　adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地 rude adj. 【课文讲解】 Last week go to the theatre see a film,go to the cinema go to the +地点　表示去某地干嘛 go to the doctors 去看病 go to the dairy　去牛奶店 go to the + 人 + s 表示去这个人开的店 go to the butchers 买肉 go to school: 去上学 go to church: 去做礼拜 go to hospital(医院):去看病 go to the Great Wall go home; 跟Home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息 I am at Home enjoy, enjoy oneself:玩的开心 have a passion for 热爱 enjoy+sth :喜欢,从当中得到一种享受 I like something very much./I love something. I enjoy the class. I enjoy the music. I enjoy the book. enjoy the dinner/film/program/game were sitting :当时正座在 过去进行时态 :过去的某个时间正在发生的动作 一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述 I+be+v(ing) The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her. The girl is reading a book in the garden. got :变得,表示一种变化,got angry I am/was angry 是一个事实 I got angry:强调变化过程 It is hot. It got hot. got取代be动词,got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词 说话的时候喜欢用缩略.Im not,he isnt,they arent 写的时候会说:I am not,he is not,they are not I didnt do sth,I did not do sth hear:听见 hear+人:听见某人的话 I could not hear you.Beg your pardon? I couldnt hear you./I couldnt hear a word./I couldnt catch your word. I couldnt hear you clearly./I couldnt catch your words. Beg your pardon? /I couldnt catch your words. turn round:转头 I could not bear it./you./the noise. I cant hear a word. hear a word, a word 等于一句话 May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim? 写作当中的第一步从完整句子开始写起 sitting behind behind:　　　在...后面 in front of :在...前面 (相对静止的概念) before :　　 在...前面 (+词、句子、一定和时间相连) above:　　　 在...上面 ahead of:　　在...前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为) He arrived before six oclock. Before he came back Ahead of time He goes ahead of me. any——用在否定句和疑问句中 some——用在肯定句中 none——没有任何东西、没有任何人　None knows./None of us knows. not any=no not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面 He didnt pay attention no——形容词、修饰名词 I dont have any friends./I have no friends. I have no time./I dont have any time. 【KEY STUCTURES】 关键句型 Word order in simple statements: 简单陈述句的语序 陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号 　6　　　　1　　　　2　　　　 3　　　　 4　　　　 5　　　　 6 when?　　 Who?　　　Action　　Who?　　　How?　　　Where?　　When? 　　　　　Which?　　　　　　　Which? 　　　　　What?　　　　　　　 What?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ---主语一般有名词或代词构成 you can use the smartphone. The girl （sitting over there )gives me an apple. who is sitting over there 定语 修饰 的 非谓语动词 （ 现在分词ing，过去分词ed，动词不定式 to do） sitting over there =who is sitting over there 简短 Me 间接宾语 apple 直接宾语 2 ---谓语由动词充当 3 ---宾语 4 ---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语 I like her very much 5 ---地点状语 6 ---时间状语可以放在句首或句末　I like the girl very much in Beijing last year. 简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语 主语——>动词——>宾语——>状语 状语: 放在最前面是副词,方式状语,表示状态/程度的状语,下面是地点,然后是时间 1.主语和动词不能少 2.如果时间和地点连在一起,先放地点,再放时间 如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配　when and where 练习： 排列句子The little boy; an apple; this morning; ate greedily; in the Kitchen. The little boy ate an apple greedily in the Kitchen this morning. 排列句子　 game; played; yesterday; in their room; the children; quietly The children played game quietly in their room yesterday. Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?早餐还是午餐？ It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. What a day! I thought. Its raining again. Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. Ive just arrived by train, she said. Im coming to see you. But Im still having breakfast, I said. What are you doing? she asked. ‘I’m having breakfast, I repeated. Dear me, she said. Do you always get up so late? Its one oclock! 那是个星期天，而在星期天我是从来不早起的，有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。上个星期天，我起得很晚。我望望窗外，外面一片昏暗。“鬼天气！”我想，“又下雨了。”正在这时，电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。“我刚下火车，”她说，“我这就来看你。” “但我还在吃早饭，”我说。 “你在干什么？”她问道。 “我正在吃早饭，”我又说了一遍。 “天啊，”她说，“你总是起得这么晚吗？现在已经1点钟了！” until 1.prep. 到…为止， 在…以前 I stayed up until four o’clock trying to get my assignment done. （用作介词， 引出时间状语） 我熬夜到四点以完成功课。 非谓语动词：现在分词 ing 过去分词 ed 动词不定式 to do 汉语 重 意合 英语 重 形合 后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句 1) His father didnt die until he came back. (肯定) 直到他回来,他爸爸才死。 2) His father was alive until he came back.　(否定) 直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的。 conj. 到…为止， 在…以前， 直到…才 Nothing is learned until you can use it. （该句中是用作连词，因为它后面跟的是句子） ★outside　　　　　adv. 外面 作状语 He is waiting for me outside. Inside adv. It is cold outside. ★ring(rang.rung)　v.(铃、电话等)响 (刺耳的) The telephone(door bell) is ringing. 给某人打电话 : ring sb. Tomorrow Ill ring you. 打电话(名) : give sb. a ring remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring ★ring a bell 提醒， 使…想起 （听力必备词汇） Does this name ring a bell? 这个名字是否让你想起点什么？ n. 环状物 ，圆圈 , 戒指 The kids sat in a ring around the teacher. 孩子们围坐在老师周围。 The Lord of the Rings 《指环王》 landlord n.地主 ★aunt　　　　　　 n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈 uncle:　叔叔　 sibling n.兄弟姐妹 cousin: 堂兄妹 offspring n. descendant n. nephew: 外甥 niece:　外甥女 Vi. 不及物 Vt.及物动词 ★Would you mind repeating your question please? 你能重复一遍你的问题吗？ History always repeats itself. 历史总在重演。 Anyone can make a mistake, but only a fool repeats it. 人人皆犯错， 只有傻瓜一犯再犯。 ★repeat + that… She repeated that she had no interest in this field. 她一再说她对这个领域不感兴趣。 → n. repetition His second book is full of repetition. 他的第二 本书有许多重复之处。 → adj. repeated repeated mistakes 老出的错 / warnings 不停的警告 → adv. repeatedly He visited her family repeatedly, begging her to marry him. 他一再地拜访她家，求她嫁给他。 1. What a day! 感叹句， 用来表示说话人的喜怒哀乐， 一般用感叹词how或what引导， how修饰形容词或副词， what修饰的中心词是名词。 What引导的感叹句基本结构： ①What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词 （单数） ＋主语＋谓语! （主谓可省） What a beautiful day （it is） ! ②What＋形容词＋可数名词复数 （或不可数名词） ＋主语＋谓语！ What cute puppies （these are） ! What lovely weather （it is） ! How引导的感叹句基本结构是： How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语 How terrifying the experience is! 2. It’s raining again. “下雨了！” 有多种表达法。如： It’s drizzling. （毛毛雨） It’s raining cats and dogs. （大雨瓢泼） I will be there for you, rain or shine! （风雨无阻） 3. “I’ve just arrived by train,” she said. “I’ m coming to see you.” 交通方式= by + 具体交通工具 derail by train / bus / bike / ship / plane / light rail / subway / MRT （mass rapid transit） ／minibus /motorbike / moped （助动车）等等， 除了on foot。 Lesson 3 Please send me a card请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words ofItalian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! 明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！ Word Study 1.spoil vt.(spoiled or spoilt) 1). ruin 破坏，糟蹋，使…不如意 The rain spoiled the picnic. 下雨了，野炊泡汤了。 Too much oil spoils the soup. 油太重了会坏了汤的味道。 几种破坏： 打破玻璃用break; damage:破坏，但是程度不一定很重; destroy：破坏，彻底摧毁; 以上三个是指物理上的破坏，而spoil主要指精神上　 2). 娇惯，宠爱 The child is badly spoiled. 那孩子给惯坏了。 3). 食物变坏，变质 Meat spoils easily in summer. 夏天，肉容易臭。 4). 谚语 Spare the rod and spoil the child.省了棍子惯坏了孩子/不打不成材 5). spoiler spoil-sport 扫兴的人 Don t be such a spoil-sport !别这麽扫人兴! 2.public 公共的，公众的　 这个词我们在第一课见过了，基本用法和private一起记。下面再说两点： 1）public house简称pub：酒吧 bar 2）in public:公开的; in private:私下里的 3.friendly adj. Lovely friendly adj.友好的 以-ly结尾是形容词，同样的还有lovely friendly单独用，一般做宾语来用 作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好，用短语in a friendly way 1). 亲切的，和蔼的，友好的 A doctor should be a friendly person.医生应该亲切。 friendly nations 友邦 a friendly smile 亲切的微笑 a friendly match 友谊赛 2). 有利的，有益的 a friendly rain 及时雨 a friendly warning 忠告 3).be on friendly terms with sb.与某人关系融洽 This company is on friendly terms with clients.这家公司与客户的关系很好。 4). friend make friends with 与某人交朋友 A friend in need is a friend indeed. Adj.真正的 患难朋友才是真正的朋友。 5). friendship 友谊 4.lend lend color to 使某件事情显得可信 The success of the experiment lends color to his theory. 实验的成功使他的理论更可信。 lend an ear to 耐心而同情地听 We should lend an ear to those international refugees. 我们应该耐心听听国际难民的遭遇。 lend name to 参与某事 He never lends his name to violence. 他从不参与暴力活动。 lend a (helping)hand to 资助，帮助 The merciful boss lends a helping hand to the village with a school. Mercy 那位好心的老板资助这个村庄建学校。 5.decision 做出决定做某事 make /reach/come to / a decision to do sth decide to do sth make up one’s mind to do sth be determined to do sth determination n. Success goes to the determined.==where there is a will,there is a way. 7. wholeadj.整个的 on the whole 整体说来 The plan is successful on the whole. 整体来说，这个计划是成功的。 as a whole 总体来说 The book is worth reading as a whole. 总的来说，这本书值得一读。 the whole truth 全部真相 wholehearted 全心全意的，全神贯注的→wholeheartedly wholeness 完整性 wholesale 批发 all of后面如果加代词，代词前面不需要修饰词，一旦要加名词，前面一定要加the all of us;all of the students 8.single a single bed 单人床 → a double bed 双人床 a single parent 单亲 biological parent 亲生父母 adoptive/foster parent养父母 the single life 独身生活→ a married life 婚姻生活 a single ticket 单程票→ a round trip ticket 往返票 9.word have a word with sb 和某人说几句话 have words with sb 与某人争吵 写作：in other words 换句话说 word for word 一字一句地，原原本本地 Can I have a word with you ?我能和你说几句话吗？ Tony had words with his wife last night. Tony 昨天晚上和妻子吵架了。 In other words, you can’t live without communicating. 换句话说，你活着就得交流。 She told me the whole story word for word. 她把事情一五一十地告诉了我。 Keep the word =keep a promise 信守诺言 Break a promise 10.line n. v. line up 排队 outline 轮廓，纲要，概述 underline 下划线 v. read between lines 读懂言外之意 be online 在线 be offline 离线 Fans lined up for the signature from the super star. 追星族排队等候大明星的签名。 The architect drew an outline of the building. 建筑师画出了大楼的轮廓。 He outlined his theory in a few words. 他用几句话概括了他的理论。 When it comes to poet, we always need to read between lines. 说到诗，很多情况下我们不能只从字面上理解。 11.think think about/of 考虑，思考，think of还可指 想到 What do you think of the weather today? 冷：cold,chilly(凛冽)，freeze:Ill freeze.(冻僵) think over:仔细考虑 think out 仔细考虑，想出办法 think sth through 全面地考虑问题 think-tank 智囊团，专家小组panel thinkable 可以想象的，可以想见的----unthinkable 不可想象的 thinker 思想家,statesman,educator,poet 12.send v.寄 寄信：send a letter 用法：send sth to sb/send sb sth 类似的用法还有give,take,pass,read,sell... send/take children to school 区别：take：强调某人亲自送; send则是通过第三人去送，如美国的校车 本课重点：双宾语 双宾语指直接宾语(表示动作结果)和间接宾语(表示动作目标) 如在give sb sth中，sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语 间接宾语在后面时，其前必须加to give sth to sb.(对……而做，翻译为“给”)或for(为……而做，翻译为“替”) 可以翻译为“给”，“替”，“为”的，就用for;如果只能翻译为“给”就以用to 　　give a book to me;I buy a book for you. 　　总结：用for的词：buy,order,make,find 　　Do me a favor please.=Do a favor for me. 　　Exercise 　　1.He paid some money to the shop-keeper. 2.The writer brought the man a bottle of beer. 宾语补足语 museum n.博物馆 英语词源故事——museum（博物馆）：文艺女神缪斯 缪斯（Muses）是希腊神话中主管科学和文艺的女神们的总称，共九位。由于缪斯女神主管文艺，所以在古代西方，人们往往将杰出的艺术作品放在缪斯女神的神庙中，这就是博物馆（museum）的起源。它由muse（缪斯）和表示“场所”的后缀-um，本意就是“缪斯的神庙”。 同样，英语单词music（音乐）原本是muse的形容词，本意是“缪斯的（艺术）”，mosaic（马赛克、镶嵌艺术）的本意是“work of the Muses”（缪斯的作品），以前都是供奉给缪斯女神的。 Muse： [mjuːz] n. 司文艺、音乐、美术的女神缪斯 museum：[mjuːzɪəm]n.博物馆 music：[mjuːzɪk]n.音乐，乐曲 mosaic：[mə(ʊ)zeɪɪk]n.马赛克，镶嵌，镶嵌图案 那么多博物馆一定要记住我们的Palace Museum(故宫) 14.性别词缀-ess “女的，女性的，雌性的” waiter →waitress 女服务员只出现在餐馆里 actor →actress 女演员 pr