2022年法院实用英语词汇 .pdf

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1、法院实用英语词汇The International Court of Justice (ICJ) 联合国国际法院Jurisdiction 审判权司法权the UN Security Council 联合国安全理事会veto power 否决权Command theory 指挥理论customary law 习惯法jus cogens 强行法adjourn：延期再审alibi：不在现场证明appeal：上诉appear (in court)：出庭bailiff ：庭丁， (法庭 )警卫by-law：条例，细则clause：法律条款defendant：被告dismerit(traffic offe

2、nse point) ： （交通违规记）缺点driving under influence ：嗑药后驾驶driving while intoxicated (DWI)：酒醉后驾驶evidence：证据fine：罚锾first offense ：初犯hear：(法官 )审理hit and run：肇事后逃离现场illegal parking ：违规停车indict：起诉jaywalking ：违规穿越马路judge：法官negligent driving ：不小心驾驶parallel parking ：平行停车perjury ：伪证plead guilty not guilty：认罪不认罪 pr

3、eside：(法官 )列席recess ：休庭reckless driving ：鲁莽驾驶ruling ：裁决run the red light ：闯红灯speeding：驾车超速take an oath：宣誓testify：做证traffic court ：交通法庭traffic regulations ：交通规则traffic violation ：交通违规民商法学与经济法学专业词汇按 照 出 资 比 例 ： in proportion to ones respective contributions to the investment 办理注销登记：cancel the registra

4、tion 被代理人： the principal 被侵权人the infringed 本人名义： in one s name标的 subject matter 补偿制度compensation system 不动产登记制Lot and Block System 财产法property law 财产的添附accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage 财产继承权：the right of inheritance 财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relati

5、onships 财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property 财产混同 confusion; hotchpot 财产留置权 encumbrance 采用书面形式：in writing 仓单 warehouse voucher 草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract 长期合同 long-term contract 偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement 超越代理权： beyond th

6、e scope of ones power of agency 撤消合同cancellation of contract 撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract 撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation 撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer 撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - -

7、- - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 承运人 actual fault of the carrier 承运人的留置权carriers lien诚信原则 principle of good faith 诚实信用原则： principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle 船舶承租人 charterer 船舶抵押权 right of m

8、ortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage 船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage 船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship 村民委员会： the village committee 惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages 乘人之危：

9、 take advantage of ones unfavorable position 处分财产 dispose of properties 处分权 act of disposition 处分原则 principle of disposition 代理民事活动： be represented in civil activities by 代理权终止： the expiration of one s power of agency 单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility 单方法律行为unilateral obligation 单方行政行为 unilateral adm

10、inistrative act 等价有偿： making compensation for equal value 对等原则principle of reciprocity 对价 consideration 对抗措施counter measure 对人权 right in personam; personal right 对世权 real right; right in rem 恶意串通： conspire maliciously 恶意行为ill will mala fides 法人 judicial person; legal body 法人的权利能力 legal capacity of j

11、uristic person 法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法人权限 corporate power 法人人格 corporate personality 法人身份 status of a legal person 法人团体 corporation 法人资格 corporate capacity 法人组织章程： the articles of association of the legal person 负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally 负全部责任 bear all res

12、ponsibilities; in all charge 负有解释的义务 accountable 负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors 附带的条件 incident 附带要求 contingent claim 附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause 附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts 附条件的权利 conditional right 赋予权力 entitle 个体工商户：individual businesses 个人合伙： individual partnersh

13、ip 各尽所能， 按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs 给付定金： leave a deposit with the other party 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce 公民基本义务

14、fundamental duties of citizens 合同 contract 合同法contract law 合同副本 copies of the contract 合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations 合同履行地法 lex loci contractus 合同期限contract period (or contract term) 合同条款contract terms (or contract clause) 合同有效期contract life 合同正本 originals of the contract 合伙人： partners 合议制 c

15、ollegial system 核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered 恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum 集体所有制企业： an enterprise under collective ownership 技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract 监护人： guardian 经主管机关核准登记：appr

16、oved and registered by the competent authority 居民委员会： the neighborhood committee 履行监护职责： fulfill duty of guardianship 埋藏物、 隐藏物： buried or concealed object 买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred 农村承包经营户： leaseholding farm households 平等主体： civil subjects with equal status 企业法人被撤销： the d

17、issolution of an enterprise as legal person 企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person 企业法人解散： disbanding of an enterprise as legal person 契约自由 liberty of contract 取得不当得利： profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis 取得法人资格： be qualified as a legal person 全民所有制企业： a

18、n enterprise owned by the whole people 让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede 让与的利益 benefit of cession 让与权 benefit of cessioni 设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty 设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship 所有权 ownership 书面合同 a written contract 双倍返还定金： repay the deposit in double 双方法律行为 bilat

19、eral legal transaction 擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind ones act arbitrarily他物权 right over the property of another 提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge 违反合同breach of contract 委托代理： entrusted agency 委托代理人：an entrusted agent 无过错责任 liability without negligence 无民事行为能力人：a person having no

20、 capacity for civil conduct 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 无因管理： act as manager or provide services in order to protect another persons interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so 下落不明ones whereabou

21、ts have been unknown 限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct 享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors 行使代理权： exercise the power of agency 宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct 遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam 以抵押物折价或

22、者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还： to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge 以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes 以欺诈、 胁迫的手段： as a result of cheating or coercion 意思表示show ones in

23、tention意思表示真实： the intention expressed is genuine 优先购买的权利： a right of pre-emption 优先权 priority, preemptive right 有过错的一方：the erring party 有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally 有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto 造成财产损失：cause any property loss 责任能力 capacity for responsibility 责任年龄 capa

24、city of responsibility; year of discretion 债的标的 object of obligation 债的发生 creation of obligation 债的消灭 extinction of obligation 占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property 指定代理： appointed agency 执行合同 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract 主要办事机构： the main ad

25、ministrative office 追偿： claim compensation from 住所： domicile 刑法学和行政法学专业词汇帮助当事人毁灭、 伪造证据罪 crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence 绑架妇女儿童罪 crime of kidnapping women and children 包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪 crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate 包庇毒品犯罪分子罪 crime of harboring drug criminals 报复陷害罪case

26、of retaliation and frame-ups 必要共同犯罪 indispensable joint crime 并科原则 doctrine of cumulating punishments 剥夺权利deprival of rights 不能犯 impossibility; unrealized offense 参加恐怖活动组织罪 crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities 超越管辖权 excess of jurisdiction 超越职权范围overstep one s autho

27、rity惩办和宽大相结合combine punishment wi名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - th leniency 惩办少数、 改造多数的原则 principle of punishing the few and reforming the many 惩罚措施 punitive measure 惩罚性制裁 punitive sanction 惩罚与教育相结合 combination of punishmen

28、t and education 处以刑罚 inflict punishment 处以有期徒刑 sentence to fixed-term imprisonment 触犯法律 break the law; violate the law 抽逃出资罪 crime of flight of capital contribution 抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act 出口骗税犯罪活动 criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export 出售伪造发票罪 crime of selling count

29、erfeit currency 出于对法律的无知 from ignorance of law 出于恶意 from malevolence 从轻处罚 gie a lesser punishment 从重处罚 give a severer punishment 单位受贿罪 crime of bribe taken by a unit 单一犯罪构成 single constitution of crime 盗伐林木罪 crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees 盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪 cri

30、me of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives 盗窃犯 theft act; larcenist 渎职犯罪案件case of dereliction of duty 对象不能犯 object impossibility 多次作案 repeatedly commit crimes 罚不当罪 punishment does not fit the crime 犯意 criminal intent; mens real 犯罪低龄化 lowering ages of criminal offenders 犯罪动机 criminal mo

31、tive 犯罪构成 constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime 犯罪构成要件 special constitutive elements of crime 犯罪故意 criminal intent; guilty intent; meas rea 犯罪集团 criminal gang; criminal group 犯罪客观要件 objective circumstances of a crime 犯罪客体 criminal object; object of a crime 犯罪实行终了 completion of a

32、criminal act 犯罪学 criminology 犯罪预防 crime prevention 犯罪中止 discontinuance of crime; desistance of crime 犯罪主观方面要素 subjective elements of crime 犯罪主体 subject of crime 犯罪着手 initiate a crime 犯罪组织 criminal organization 贩卖毒品罪 drug offense; crime of drug trafficking 防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense 防卫挑拨 instiga

33、tion of defense; provocation of defense 防卫限度 limit of defense 防止类似事件重演 prevent the recurrence of similar incidents 妨碍公务罪 crime of disrupting public service 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 妨害公共安全罪 crime of impairing public se

34、curity 放弃权利 withdraw a claim; waive a right 非法持、 私藏枪支、 弹药罪 crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition 非法持有毒品罪 crime of illegally holding drugs 非法干涉 illegal intervention 非法干预 unlawful interference 非法出售增值税专用发票罪 crime of illegal selling invoice for exclusive use of VAT 非法活动 unlawful a

35、ctivities 非法利益 unlawful interests 非法手段 illegal means 非强制性行政行为 non-coercive form of administrative action 非正式的 informal; irregular 非政府机关 non-governmental organization 非主要条件 non-essential stipulation 非专业的 non-professional 诽谤罪 crime of defamation 隔地犯 offense of segregation by location 隔时犯 offense of se

36、gregation by time 工具不能犯 impossibility of instruments 故意犯罪 calculated crime; intentional crime 故意杀人罪 crime of intentional homicide 故意伤害罪 crime of willful and malicious injury 管辖： jurisdiction 惯犯 habitual criminal 惯例 custom and usage 过失犯罪 criminal negligence; involuntary crime; negligent crime 国家赔偿案件

37、case of state compensation 国家赔偿的归责原则 principle of culpability for state compensation 国家赔偿的双重过错原则 principle of dual faults for state compensation 国家赔偿法 state compensation law 国家赔偿主体 subject of state compensation 国家权力机关 state authority 国际审判机关 state judicial organs 国家行政机关 state administrative organs 国家

38、意志state s will国家职能 function of the state 国民待遇 national treatment 黑社会性质的犯罪集团 gangland criminal syndicate; mafia-style criminal gang 缓期二年执行 with a two-year reprieve 缓刑 probate cessat executio 集合犯 aggregate offense; collective offense 既遂犯 accomplished crime 继承法 inheritance law 继续犯 continuous crime 加重处罚

39、 give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed 假冒他人注册商标罪 crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another 假释 parole 假想防卫 imaginative defense 假想数罪 imaginatively several crimes 简单共同犯罪 simple joint crime 间接故意 indirect intent; indirect iintentino 教唆未遂 attempt of solicitation 名师资

40、料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 劫持船只、 汽车罪 crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile 劫持航空器罪 crime of skyjacking 结果犯 consequential offen 结果加重犯 aggregated consequential offense 结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offense se 拒不执行人民法

41、院判决、裁定罪 crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the Peoples Court具结悔过 make a statement of repentence 具体行政行为 specific administrative act 具体罪名concrete accusation 绝对不确定法定刑 absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment 军人违反职责罪 crimes of soldiers violating military dutie 抗税罪 offense of resisti

42、ng taxes 客体不能犯 object impossibility 空白罪状 blank facts about a crime 滥伐林木罪 crime of illegal denudation 累犯 recidivist; repeat offender; cumulative offense 连续犯罪 continuing crime 量刑 criterion for sentencing; sentencing criterion 量刑不当 criterion for sentence 量刑幅度 extent for discretionary action of sentenci

43、ng 虐待罪 crime of abusing member of ones family挪用公款案 case of misappropriation of public funds 偶犯 casual offender; casual offense 情节加重犯 aggravated offense by circumstances 情节特别严重 when the circumstances are particularly wicked 情节严重、 构成犯罪的 when the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime 取保

44、候审 post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving 扰乱公共场所秩序罪 crime of disturbing order at public places 刑法 criminal law 刑罚 penalty; punishment 刑事责任能力 criminal capacity 行政法 administrative law; executive law 行政法规 administrative laws and regulations 行政法学 administrative jurisprudence 行政解释

45、administrative interpretation 行政救济 administrative remedy 预防犯罪 anti-crime 治安管理 security administration 治安条例 security regulations 法律专业词汇中英对照之A,B action of debt 债务诉讼acquit 无罪adjourn 暂时停止执行administrative decision 行政判决结果ad damnum 主张一定数额的赔偿金adverse judgement 不利的判决affidavit 传票送达人所写的切结书affirm 确定原判决affirm de

46、fence 积极的抗辩agency stage 行政机关的裁决agency hearing 听证会allegation 主张的事实american law 美国法an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明an adversary hearing 双方当事人到庭辩名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 论answer 答辩状appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权appeal 上诉appel

47、lant 上诉人appellee 被上诉人appropriate 永久占有arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序assigned counsel 公设辩护人assumpsit 承诺履行bailment 寄托制度bail 保释beyond the reasonable doubt 超越合理的怀疑bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到国王法院进行诉讼bailliff 法庭内的法警bias 偏见bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议bo

48、nd 提供担保burden of proof 举证责任case law 案例法cause of action 起诉理由chancellor 衡平法官chancery division 衡平法庭circuit court 巡回法院civil law 大陆法civil right act 人权法案civil procedure 民事诉讼法clerk 书记官closing argument 诉讼结论co defedant 共同被告common law 普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法compurgation 宣誓采证法compurgatory 宣誓采证法中的证人complaint 起诉状concurr

49、ent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权consideration 约因consortium 婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权contempt of court 藐视法庭罪contract under seal 封印契约contributory negligence 加工过失corpus juris secundum 美国法律百科全书counterclaim 反诉court of common pleas 民诉法院court of kings bench 王室法院court of exchequer 财务法院court of exchequer chamber 财务上诉法院country cour

50、t 乡镇法院court of common bench 民诉法院court of chancery 衡平法院court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院court of probate 遗嘱继承法院court of divorce 婚姻法院court of appeal in chancery 衡平上诉法院court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院court of assize 巡回法院court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院court of first instance 第一审法院cour