2022年情态动词专项练习3.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 情态动词专项练习情态动词 有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必需跟动词原形；考点一： can,may,must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：1. can的用法：（1）.表示才能、许可、可能性；表示才能时一般译为“能、会 ”,即有种才能,特别是生来具备的才能,此时 may 和 must 均不行代替它； 如：She can swim fast, but I can 她能游得很快,但我不能； I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看；（2）.表示许可,常在口语中；

2、如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典；（3）.表示估计,意为 “可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时cant译为“不行能 ”；如：Can the news be true.这个消息会是真的吗？ Can it be our teacher.那个人有可能是我们老师吗？No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall. 不行能；咱们老师正在游玩长城呢；【例题】 I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go t

3、here. No. She _be there, I have just been there.【解析】依据下文 “我刚去过那儿 ”可知,应为 “不行能 ”,can2. could的用法：t表示估计 答案 （1）.can的过去式,意为 “能、会 ”,表示过去的才能；如： He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗；（2）. could 在疑问句中, 表示委婉的语气, 此时 could 没有过去式的意思； 如:Could you do me 你能帮我个忙吗？ Could I use your pen.我能用一下你的钢笔吗 .Yes, you can

4、.可以；（留意回答）3. may 的用法：（1）.表示恳求、许可,比 can 正式,如： May I borrow your bike.我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now.现在你可以回家了；【例题】_ I borrow your MP3.Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 【解析】在此处表示恳求,意为“做 可以吗 ”；答案： A 2 .表示估计,谈论可能性,意为 “可能,或许”,一般用于确定句中； 如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨； She may be at hom

5、e.她可能在家呢 . 3 .may 的过去式为 might,表示估计时；可能性低于 may；如：He is away from school. He might 名师归纳总结 - 1 - 第 1 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - be sick. 他离开学校了,可能是他生病了；4 . 表示期望、祈求、希望,常可译为“ 希望” ；通常是用may +主+V 例如： May you have a good time.祝你过得开心； May you be happy.祝你幸福！ May you succeed！祝你胜利！4. must的用法：1

6、.must 表示主观看法,意为 “必需、肯定 ”；如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来 之前你必需呆在这儿； Must I hand in my homework right now.我必需现在交作业吗？（2）对 must 引导的疑问句,确定回答为must,否定回答或 dont have to . 如： Must I finish my homework.我现在必需完成作业吗4must 表示有把握的估计,用于确定句；如 着,他现在确定在家；留意其反意问句的构成形式：: The light is on, so he must be at home

7、 now.灯亮当 must 表示确定的判定、估计时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成；如：She must have seen the film before, hasnt she.留意反意疑问句的后半部分 You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn t you. 留意反意疑问句的后半部分 5. need的用法：（1）.need表示需要、必需, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中, ,意为“没有必要,不必 ”；用 need提问时,确定回答 dont have to；如：Need I stay here any longer. 我仍

8、有必要留在这儿吗？Yes, you must .是的； No. you neednt /don t have to .不,你不必；2.need仍可以作实义动词, 此时有人称、 数和时态的变化, 假如是人作主语后边多接动词 不定式；如：I need to do it right now.我需要立刻做这件事； He needs to learn more about the girl. 他需要多明白那个女孩；假如是物作主语,一般用 need doing与 need to be done这种情形下应留意两点：.主动形式的动名词 doing 具有被动的含义； .该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式

9、那扇门需要 而句子的意义不变；例如： . The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.油漆一下； Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要修理了；7. shall的用法：shall 表示征求对方看法（多用于第一、三人称） ,如：Shall we go out for a walk.我们出去漫步 好吗？在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方看法；1.用“ Lets do.” 来提出建议；如： Lets go for a walk

10、 after supper. 名师归纳总结 - 2 - 第 2 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.用“ What/How about.” 来提出建议；about后接名词或动词 about a drink. What about/How about taking Tom with us. ing 形式；如：What about/How 3.用“ Why not.” 来提出建议,表示“ 何不 ”not 面后接动词原形；“Why not.” 实际上是“Why dont you/we.” 的简略形式；如： Why not meet at t

11、he school gate at eight. Why dont we stay here another day. 4.用“ Would you like.” 来提出建议,意思是“ 你想要 吗 .” Would you like 后可接名词或不定式；如： Would you like a cup of tea.Would you like to go and see her. 因此,假如我们说：“ 去游泳好吗 .” 英语中可有这样几种表达法： Shall we go for a swim.Lets go for a swim,shall we.What about/How about go

12、ing swimming.Why not go for a swim.Would you like to go for a swim. 8. should的用法：What do you think of going for a swim. （1）.should 意为 “应当”,可表示劝说、建议、义务、责任等；如：We should protect the environment. 我们应当爱护环境；（2）Should have done 表示对过去动作的批判、批判；如：homework. 你应当已经完成作业了； （事实上你没有完成； ）9. will 的用法：You should have f

13、inished your will 表示意愿、意志、准备,可用于多种人称；如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.天下午假如我有空,我就会帮你；留意：1、will 在 there be句型中的形式及其句式变换；由于“ 一般将来时” 的结构可以用“will+ 动词原形” 来表示,所以there be 句型的一般将来时的形式就是 there will be；（肯定不能说 there will have）例如： There are many students in our school.There will be many students in ou

14、r school. There will be a sports meeting next week.肯定不能说： There will have a sports meeting next week. 2、will 与 be going to do something区分：. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间就较远一些,如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. . be going to 表示依据主观判定将来确定发生的事情,will 表示客观上将来

15、势必发生的事情；He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. . be going to 含有“ 方案,预备” 的意思,而will 就没有这个意思,如： She is going to lend 名师归纳总结 - 3 - 第 3 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - us her book. He will be here in half an hour. .在有条件从句的主句中, 一般不用 be going to,而多用 will, 如：If a

16、ny beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 10. had better的用法：had better意为“最好 ”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带 to 的不定式,其否定形式为：had better not；如：We had better go now.我们最好现在就走； You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他；考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答 :1.对 may 引出的问句,可以有以下回答方式： Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes, c

17、ertainly. Sure .No, you can . t2.对 must 引出的疑问句,回答方式为：Yes, must. No, dont have to.3.could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气, 此时 could 没有过去式的意思； 如:Could you do me a 你能帮我个忙吗？ Could I use your pen.我能用一下你的钢笔吗 .Yes, you can.可以；（留意回答）4. shall 引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方看法或客气的恳求；其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please. All right.No, thank you. m sorry

18、 , I cant.5.would you 的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. No, I won t. Sure . IAll right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. No, thank you .Yes, please. 【例题】 Would you do me ass on my thanks to Lily._. A.That s right B.With pleasure D.No tro uble 【解析】 A.意为 “对了 ”,B.意为 “愿意效劳 ” , C.意为 “没关系 ” D.意为 “不费事 ”；答案： B 考点三 :不怜悯态动

19、词的否定意义也不同：1.（1）.can 可译为 “不会”,如： I can t play basketball. 我不会打篮球；（2）当句子表估计时,用 cant表达不行能,如： He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不行能病了,他正和 Tom 下棋呢；（3）cant仍可用来回答 “ May I . ”这样的问句；如：May I come in . 我可以进来吗？ No, you can不,你不能；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - - 4 - 第 4 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （4）cant仍可用

20、于固定习语中； cant help doing禁不住,情不自禁cant wait to do something 迫不及待地要做如：She cant help crying. 她不禁大哭起来；The children cant wait to open the box.孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子；2. may 的否定式为 may not,译成 “可能不 ”,如： He may not be at home.他或许不在家；考点四 :情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词 + be + done 动词的过去分词 ；做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面；She should

21、speak to her mother in that way.她不应当用那种方式和妈妈说话； More and more trees must be planted in China.在中国必需种植更多的树木；Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us. 许多星星我们都看不到, 由于它们离我们太远了；考点五 :情态动词表示估计的用法 :一、“ 情态动词 +动词原形” 表示对现在的估计；1、can表示估计时一般用于否定句或疑问句； 如：That man cant be her husbandshe is

22、 still single. Who is knocking at the door. Can it be the postman. 2、must 表示确定的估计,一般用于确定句中；如：working now ,for the lights in his office are still on. He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be 3、might 表示估计时不肯定是 may 的过去时,只是表示其可能性较小； 如：The man may be the headmaster. Where is Mr Li. He might be working

23、in his office. May Mr Li come. He might not come here. 4、Could 表示估计时,语气 can比要弱,说话者留有余地；如：Could it be an animal.It could not be,because it is not moving. 5、Should 表示估计的可能性比较大,仅比must 的可能性小一点；如： It is already 10 oclock now they should be there. 【情态动词易混点归纳】易混点一 : can 和 be able to:两者表示才能时用法相同, 但 can只有原形“

24、can” 和过去式“could” 两种形式, 在其他时态中要用 be able to 来表示；另外 be able to 经常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到名师归纳总结 某事；如： Jim can t speak English. 吉姆不会说英语； He could speak English at 5.他五岁时就会第 5 页,共 12 页- 5 - - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 说英语； Well be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他； He has been able to drive.他已经

25、会开车了； I m sure you ll be able to finish it quickly. 我信任你能快速地完成；We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶；易混点二 :can 和 may 1. can和 may 均可用来征求看法或许可, 意为“ 可以” , 一般可互换使用； 如：Can/ May I help you . 我能帮忙你吗？2. can和 may 表示可能性时的区分：1在确定句中用 might,may,must,不用 can 2在疑问句中表示估计用 can,不用 might,may,

26、must 3在否定句中用 can（不行能）,不用 may,must；如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在 那不行能是真的；教室里； Where can they be now.他们现在可能在哪儿？ That can t be true.易混点三 : may be和 maybemay be 用法区分常用位置may 为情态动词, be为动词原形句中,作谓语maybe 副词,大致、或许,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语例如： He may be wrong , but I易混点四： cant 和 mustntm not sure.或许他错了,但我也不确定；1. c

27、an 依据其基本用法可译为：（1）不会；如： I can t speak English . 我不会说英语；s too dark. 天太黑了,我们现在干不了；（2）不能；如： We cant do it now because it（3）否定句中表示估计； “不行能 ” ,如：The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.那个人不行能是咱们老师,他年轻得多；2.mustnt 意为 “禁止,不许 ,用来表示命令,表示剧烈的语气；如：You mustnt play football in the st

28、reet .Its too dangerous.易混点五： must和 have to1.must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要；have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时； 如：I know I must study hard.我知道我必需努力学习； My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来；I havent got any money with me, so Ill have to borrow some from my frie

29、nd.我身上没带钱,只好向伴侣借点了； He said they must work hard.他说他们必需努力工作；名师归纳总结 2. have to可以用于多种时态；而must 只用于一般现在或将来；如：The composition is due to - 6 - 第 6 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.作文今日早晨到期, 因此我不得不昨天晚上完成；易混点六 : used to do / be used to doing

30、 / be used to do / be used for doing used to do表示过去经常发生的动作, 强调过去,只用于过去, 留意用 to do,不用 doing 形式；而 be used to doing意为“ 习惯做 ” , be 可有各种时态； be used to do意为“ 被使用去做 ,” 为被动语态形式； be used for doing 用作 ” 如： My father used to eating meat.我父亲过去起床晚, 但现在不得不早起了； She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉； He wat used to eati

31、ng in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭； A knife can be used for cutting things.刀可以用来割东西/ A knife can be used to cut things.刀可以用来割东西 单项题 1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must 2 They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are

32、 able to 3 -May I take this book out. -No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would 5 -Can you speak Japanese. -No, I_. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not 1 -He_ be in the classroom, I think. -No, he

33、 _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad. -Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough. A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt 3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem,

34、 so it _be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need 4 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to 5 _ I take this one. A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do 1 The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must 2 You _ be late for school again next time

35、. A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to 3 -Must I do my homework at once. -No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not 1 His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor. 名师归纳总结 - 7 - 第 7 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. has not to B. dont have to C. havent to D. do

36、esnt have to 2 He had to give up the plan, _ he. A. did B. didnt C. does D. doesnt 3 They had to walk here, _ they. A. mustnt B. did C. didnt D. hadnt 1 He had better stay here, _ he. A. didnt B. dont C. hadnt D. isnt 2 Youd better_late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. wont be D. dont be 3 Youd

37、better _ your hair _ once a month. A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted 4 You_ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday. A. Here you are B. Sorry,

38、 I cant C. Yes, please D. Let me try 2 -Why dont you ask Mike to go with us. -Thanks, _. A. I will B. I wont C. lean D. I may 3 -_ I take the newspaper away. -No, you mustnt. You_read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must 1 Excuse me. _ you please pass me that cup. A. Do

39、 B. Should C. Would D. Must 2 _ you like to have another try. A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do 3 -Would you like to go boating with us. -Yes, _. A. Id like B. I want C. Id like to D. I do 1 You_ worry about your son. He will get well soon. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. have to 2 The poor man needs o

40、ur help, _ he. A. need B. neednt C. does D. doesnt 3 -Must we do our homework first. -No, you_. You may have a rest first. A. mustnt B. neednt C. may not D. cant 参考答案：1. 1-5 A D A B B2. 1-5 C D B C A3. 1-3 C A A4. 1-3 D B C5. 1-4 C B C C6. 1-3 B A B 7. 1-3 C C C8. 1-3 A D B 单项二1. I told Sally how to

41、 get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 2. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. 名师归纳总结 A. can t be B. shouldnt be C. mustn t hav

42、e been D. couldnt have been 3. Its nearly seven o clock. Jack _ be here at any moment. 第 8 页,共 12 页A. must B. need C. should D. can - 8 - - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. won t; cant B. mustn t; may shouldn t; must D. can t; shouldnt

43、 5. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 6. When can I come for the photos. I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 7. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you.

44、You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed s party. 8. Are you coming to JeffI m not sure. I _ go to the conce rt instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 9. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustn t leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. needn t leave 10. Is John coming by train. He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can