硕士英语综合教学方案教育教程1参考材料标准答案.doc

,. 硕士英语综合教程1 （参考答案） Unit 1 LowCarbon Economy Text A Creating a Low Carbon Economy 2. Vocabulary b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D 3. Cloze Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary. (1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative (6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering (11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability (16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled 4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside. (2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly. (3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006. (4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs. (5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years. (6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically. (7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of stateoftheart technologies and equipment. (8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure. 2) Translate the following paragraphs into English. Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of socalled climatesensitive diseases already are killing millions of people. Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems. b. English to Chinese 1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度( 3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。 2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (1) 双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。 (2) 中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。 (3) 在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动。 (4) 基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。 (5) 通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。 Text B Living a LowCarbon Lifestyle Key to the Exercises a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. (1) perilously(2) in harmony with(3) tricky(4) nurture(5) make a difference (6) insulated(7) deplete(8) step back(9) sustain(10) by way of b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text. (1) more efficient, kinder, fair, above all sustainable (2) keep you comfortable, make life easier, do the things you want to do (3) simplify the meter reading process, easy and enlightening, fun (4) are lined and not covering radiators (5) coming on, warm enough, you’re not heating rooms (6) find a balance between the actions we can do, having to compromise on our quality of life (7) for the strictly necessary amount of time, hot/warm food (8) the curtains, the doors between rooms (9) reducing our energy consumption, travelling more efficiently (10) easily reused and recycled, with the lowest packaging c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text. (1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(10) F Unit 4 Artificial Intelligence Text A The Future of Artificial Intelligence →III. Keys to the Exercises 1. Reading Comprehension a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text. (1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) A b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text. (1) clean our floors, mow our lawns and, in general, eliminate drudgery from our lives (2) the computerbased artificial brain is still well below the level of sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot (3) the same kind of perception, cognition and thought as humans (4) generate positive and negative reinforcement signals in predefined circumstances (5) become quite formidable and will outperform human beings in any conceivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical 2. Vocabulary a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text. (1) attest(2) disoriented(3) elusive(4) negate(5) progeny (6) outstrip(7) versatile(8) meld(9) contingency(10) mainstay b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. (1) A(2) D(3) B(4) A(5) D(6) C(7) D(8) D(9) B(10) B 3. Cloze Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary. (1) cover(2) battlefield(3) deployed(4) initiating(5) aerial (6) problematic(7) arise(8) mindful(9) vital(10) goes (11) robotics(12) provided(13) collection(14) ethical(15) endowed (16) traits(17) expression(18) dumb(19) guidelines(20) stupid 4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) It often happens, however, that thinking lags behind reality; this is because man’s cognition is limited by numerous social conditions. (2) Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virtually placed under arrest to prevent any information from leaking out. (3) Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man bring forth new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of man’s thinking mode. (4) From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his humble origins and insinuate himself into upperclass society. (5) It’s a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me any attention. (6) The invention of microprocessors set the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computer—an affordable machine for the masses. (7) So there’s no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we fight are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times. (8) Taiwan , viewed from the historical facts and the international law, is beyond dispute one part of Chinese sacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland. 2) Translate the following paragraph into English. Sales of professional and personal service robots worldwide were estimated to have reached about 5.5 million this year—and are expected to more than double to 11.5 million by 2011—yet there is little or no control over how these machines are used. Some help busy professionals entertain children; other machines feed and bathe the elderly and incapacitated. “We need to look at guidelines for a cutoff so we have a limit to the contact with robots” one expert said. “Some robots designed to look after children with them for hours, or even days. At the other end of the age spectrum to child care, the relative increase in many countries in the population of the elderly relative to available younger caregivers has spurred the development of eldercare robots.” b. English to Chinese 1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. 计算的能力当然与生存无关,然而随着语言改变了人类的文化,至少是我们大脑的一小部分已进化成了一种勉强可以称为通用机器的东西。这个机器的一个特点就是它能服从一系列随意的指令,而这些指令可以通过语言进行传递并得以执行。但是由于我们把数字看成是复杂的东西,将它们写下来并用以完成其它类似的功能,所以我们处理数字的方式显得非常笨拙,并且效率不高。我们用上百亿个神经细胞花好几分钟进行的运算通过上百个计算机,尤其是那些经过重新设置用于计算的计算机,可以在几毫秒就完成。 2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (1) 但它们并不是用高出一筹的逻辑和力量统治人类,而是有可能导致一个与他人完全隔绝的底层人群的产生。 (2) 机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能导致(被服务者)与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津。 (3) 许多机器人被设计成玩具,但它们也能扮演照看孩子的角色: 监督孩子的一举一动,通过无线电脑连接或移动电话与另一个房间甚至另一座建筑物内的家长联络。 (4) 但是由于机器人保姆能在身体上保护孩子的安全,可能会造成孩子一天数小时或者几天都不与人接触,同时不同程度的与社会隔绝对孩子成长可能造成的心理影响目前还不清楚。 (5) 护理老年人的机器人能帮助老年人在自己家中自理,但它们的存在可能会使老年人完全处于机器人照顾之下,从而面临缺乏足够的与人交流机会的危险。 Text B Revenge of the Nerds Key to the Exercises a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. (1) in full swing(2) awestruck(3) imminent(4) daunting(5) affable (6) relish(7) omniscience(8) outlandish(9) alien(10) harness b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text. (1) the Silicon Valley dollar (2) the transformative moment (3) “the world’s first cyborg” (4) current singularitarianinchief, inventor Ray Kurzweil (5) genetics, nanotechnology and robotics (6) The sense of imminence and immediacy (7) not just language but complex abstractions (8) anything being dangerous or sentient (9) people were scared of these machines (10) cryonic suspension c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text. (1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) T(9) T(10) F unit6 UrbanLife TextAHowtheCityHurtsYourBrain,andWhatYouCanDoaboutIt→III.KeytotheExercises 1.ReadingComprehension a.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext. (1)C(2)A(3)B(4)B(5)C b.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou‟velearnedinthetext. (1)thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife;itisnoteasytoliveinthecitybecauseitspreadsterriblediseasesandisfarawayfromnaturewithconsiderablepressures (2)itforcesourbraintotakeenergyandefforttomonitoreverypotentialthreatonthebusyandnoisystreetsandconstantlyredirectsourattention,whichexploitsoneofthecrucialweakspotsofthebrain (3)naturalsettingsarefullofobjectsthatautomaticallycaptureourattentionwithouttriggeringanegativeemotionalresponseandthusourbrainwhichdirectsattentioncanrelaxdeeplyandreplenishitself (4)thebrainisassaultedwithtemptationsandresistingthesetemptationsrequiresthebraintousethepartofitthatisresponsiblefordirectedattention,whichmeansthatit‟salreadybeenexhaustedbywalkingaroundthecityandthenwillfailtoexertselfcontrol (5)theyarethecentersofsocialactivitiesthatlargelyleadtourbancreativityasstrangersinteractwitheachotherinunpredictableways2.Vocabulary a.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)overlooking(2)migrations(3)thoroughfare(4)layout(5)hectic (6)wellspring(7)corollary(8)undiluted(9)myriad(10)vibrant b.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)B(2)B(3)A(4)D(5)C(6)D(7)A(8)A(9)B(10)D 3.Cloze Chooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)control(2)otherwise(3)revenue(4)neighboring(5)announced(6)crossroads(7)taking(8)imposing(9)maximize(10)prosperity(11)rather(12)though(13)accomplish(14)making(15)pave(16)gradually(17)sparing(18)Under(19)instead(20)lower 4.Translation a.ChinesetoEnglish 1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish. (1)TherearealotmorewonderfulandexcitingthingswaitingforyouinNewBeijing,adynamicmodernmetropoliswith3,000yearsofculturalandhistoricaltreasureswovenintotheurbanprosperity. (2)Heissuchanenthusiasticfootballfanthathetendstoholdforthonhisfavoriteteamwheneveritismentioned. (3)Theeducationalsystemhastobeabletooutfittheyounggenerationwithnecessaryknowledge,attitudesandvaluesthatwouldensuretheyareintimeforthenewageinwhichtheremightbenojobsbutonlyopportunities. (4)Theanxiousmothersearchedhighandlowforhermissingson,onlytofindhimsleepingsoundinthemessoftoysinhisownbedroom. (5)Inordertofindbetterdetectionandtreatment,thehospitalwillactivelycooperatewithalocalresearchinstitutetolookforgeneticmarkersthatcorrelatewiththischronicdisease. (6)Theaccountingsystemofanenterpriseconsistsofthemethods,procedures,anddevicesusedbyaneconomicentitytokeeptrackofitsfinancialactivitiesandtosummarizetheseactivities.(7)Whenshegraduatedfromcollege,Cindydecidedtogobacktoworkintheorphanagewhereshehadbeenbroughtup,becauseherheartwasoverstuffedwithgratitudeandwarmthforthosewhohadgenerouslyhelpedherinhergrowthandshewantedtobelikethemalsotogivehelptothekidswhohadlosttheirparents. (8)NASAplannedtosplurgeonthefeasibilityoftheprojectofsendingastronautstoMarsandhavingthemsettledownonit. 2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish. Expo2010ShanghaiisthefirstExpoheldbyadevelopingcountry,thefirstheldinthedowntownareaofamegacity,anditwasheldundertheshadowoftheinternationalfinancialcrisis.ThisisaseveretesttoChinaandShanghai.Overthepasteightyears,wemobilizedresourcesthroughoutthecountryandpooledthewisdomoftheworldinthepreparationfortheExpo.ThepeopleofShanghai,inparticular,madeselflesscontributionsandtheInternationalExhibitionsBureauandhostcountriesofpastExposprovidedvaluableguidance.ThesuccessoftheExpocouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthetirelesseffortsofmanypeople,includingtheorganizers,constructionworkers,staffmembers,visitorsandvolunteers.Itistheirsincerity,wisdomandhardworkthathaver