2022年新版八年级英语下册第至第单元知识点总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 新版八年级英语下册第1 至第 10 单元学问点总结2022 新版八年级英语下册第 1- 第 10 单元学问点总结Unit 1 What s the matter. 一、基础学问1. Whats the matter. 怎么啦？出什么事情了？s wrong with you. 你【解析】 matter/ m.t. r /n. 问题；事情Whats the matter with you.= What s the trouble with you. = What 怎么了？【注】： matter 和 trouble 为名词,其前可加the 或形容词性

2、物主代词,wrong 是 adj. 不能加 the 【用法】 用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词with 连用；即：Whats the matter with sb. = Whats your trouble. = What s up. = What happens to sb. Whats the matter with you . I have a bad cold. 2. I had a cold.我感冒了；have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧have a cough 咳嗽have

3、 a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache头疼3. 身体部位 +ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容词,意为太. ,too much+ 名词,意为许多,大量；5. enough【形容、 副词】足够的 /地,enough 放在名前后, 形副后；good enough 足够好, enough money=much money 6. lie

4、 down 躺下,lie 躺,躺着,过去式 lay；lie 说谎,过去式 lied 7. maybe 或许 ,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子；Maybe you are right. may be,是情态动词 +be 的结构,意为 可能,或许 ,后加名词、代词或形容词；He may be angry. sound like+ 名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词, 听起来,似乎 ,The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要,实义动词

5、need+名词,需要某物；need to do sth. 需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作：during class. You need to listen carefully need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off the bus 下（公交车）get on 上车11. agree 同意,赞同；名师归纳总结 agree with sth. 同意某事如： I agree with that idea. 第 1 页,共 5 页agree to sb. 同意某人的看法如： I ag

6、ree to LiLei. 12. trouble 问题,麻烦；be in trouble 遇到麻烦, make trouble 制造麻烦,have trouble in doing sth. =have difficulties in doing sth做.有麻烦；13. right away=right now=at once ,意为立刻 ；14. advice 不行数名词 劝说,建议,向 征求看法,give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议；advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - -

7、- - - - - - - advise sb. doing sth. 【复习】 exercise 练习、锤炼当 exercise 意为 练习 时,为可数名词 即可加 s 当 exercise 意为 锤炼 时,为不行数名词 即不加 s 16. hurt 及物动词,使 疼痛, 受伤, He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词, （部位）疼；His leg hurt badly. 洁净的,cleaner 意clean 【动词】打扫,clean the classroom 打扫教室,【形容词】为清洁工；18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit

8、 the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,on 用在所打较硬的部位；in 用在所打较软的部位；习惯于、适应了 、做某事,强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. 变得习惯,逐步适应 强调过程、

9、动作：Its difficult for one to get used to another country s habit. 1 20. 【复习】free 形容词 闲暇的 free time；免费的 the drink is for free ；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使 解脱,得到自由：He could not free his arm. run out 用完,用完 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own

10、 life. 物 sth. run out. 某物用完了；人 sb. run out of sth. 人用完了某物；He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk sb. to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of doing sth. （做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of learning English. importance n. 重要（性）,important adj.重要的, unimpo

11、rtant adj.不重要的decision 【名词】打算；选择；make a decision 做打算 ; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. ；25. be in the control of 掌管,治理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 无法掌握,无法治理be under control 被掌握住,在掌握之中26. 【 复 习 】 mind意 为介 意, mind doing sth. 介 意 做 某事, Would you

12、mind my opening the window. 27. give up doing sth. 舍弃（做）某事,give up playing computer games ；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式,也可不接,如: Never give up easily. 二、重点语法【反身代词】 英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应留意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一样；【用法】名师归纳总结 1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物；第 2 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 如： Ma

13、ria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物；如：She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气；如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中；look after oneself / take care of oneself 照管自己I met the writer himself last week. teach

14、 say to oneself 自言自语oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下enjoy oneself 玩得兴奋,过得开心buy oneself sth.给自己买 东西help oneself to sth 请自用 （任凭吃 /喝些 ） . introduce oneself 介绍 自己hurt oneself 摔伤自己【提示】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用；如：我自己能完成作业；（误） Myself can finish my homework. 正 I myse

15、lf can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示 某人自己 不能表示某人的东西 ,由于它没有全部格的形式；表达 某人自己的（东西） 时,必要用 ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画； （误）I m drawing with myself crayons. 正 I m drawing with my own crayons. Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks 一、基本学问点1. sick 生病的,有病的；可在句中作表语 Mary could n

16、ot come because she is sick. 也可作定语 a sick child 【区分 ill 】ill 与 sick 同义；但是只在句中做表语,is ill. 不做定语； Mary could not come because she 2. cheer sb. up（让某人） 变得兴奋； 兴奋起来 The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 2 3. give out 分发；散发,相当于hand out,The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give

17、sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人；volunteer to do sth. 自愿4. volunteer 【名词】理想者【动词】义务做,自愿做（某事）做某事,The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program. 5. used to do sth.过去 /曾经 常 做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再 存在或发生；There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机；They told me stories about the past and how thin

18、gs used to be. 事；他们告知我关于这里过去的故名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6. alone 【形容词】独自一人的,无感情颜色：songs himself. The musician enjoyed living alone and writing lonely （感到）孤独孤寂的,带有很强的感情颜色,可做表语或定语；The lonely boy is not lonely now. 7. care for sb./sth.照管；照管 care 【名词】当心,关怀take care of=look

19、after 【动词】 care about sb./sth.关怀,在意某人/事【形容词】 careful 认真的 / careless 马虎的【副词】 carefully 认真地8. such 这样的, 这种, 如此 , 用于修饰名词 such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数名词： such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 出色的竞赛 such+形容词 +复数名词 /不行数名词： such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味假如名词前被 many, much, few

20、, little 修饰时, 只能用 so,而不用 such：so many sick children/ so little time 9. try out for 参与 选拔,争取成为 Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out 试用,试验10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行,行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】 traveler 旅行者11.【复习】 be busy with sth. 忙于（

21、做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情12.【 复习】try doing sth. 试着去做某事try to do sth. 尽力去做某事try one s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力去做某事13.【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担忧某人、某事14. raise money 集资,筹钱； raise money for 为 筹钱raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep【动词】 keep+名词,保留（某物） ；keep+形容词,保持16.【形容词】 br

22、oken 破旧的,出毛病的；blind 瞎的,失明的；deaf 聋的； disabled 有残疾的,丢失才能的；在句中做定语和表语；make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为可能,You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it + 形容词 +for sb. to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为 ；think/find it + 形容词 to do sth. 18. make a difference to 对 有影响；对 有作用, difference 前可以用 n

23、o, any, some, much 等修饰,如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study. 19. difficulty 【可数 /不行数】表示抽象意义的困难 时为不行数；表示详细的难题、难事 时为可数；have difficulty in doing sth.= have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难20. train【动词】训练,trained 为过去分词,可做定语,意为受过训练的a trained dog 21. be excited

24、 about sth. 对某事感到兴奋,Everyone is excited about the good news. 【复习】 excited 意为 兴奋的,修饰人；exciting 意为 令人兴奋 /兴奋的,修饰物；22. order【名词】命令,指示；次序,次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 23. change【动词】变化,转变Its hard for a person to change his lifestyle. 【名词】变化；零钱change A for B 用 A 换成 B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB. 名师归纳总结 repair 【动词】修理,修补；fix 【动词】安装；使固定【fix up 修理 =repair 】第 5 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -