2022年深圳牛津版英语最新八年级课文.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 初二（上）课文 （翻译）14 Unit 1 Look it up. 查阅1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 这里是两篇来自百科全书的文章；Here are two articles .t.k.l 文章 from an encyclopaedia .n,sa.kl.pid.百科全书 . 达芬奇 莱昂纳多Da Vinci, Leanardo 达芬奇 莱昂纳多（ 1452-1519）是意大利画家、创造家、音乐家、工程师和科学家；Leanardo da Vinci 145

2、21519 was an Italian painterpe.nt. 画 家 , inventor.nvent.创造家 , musician mju.z.n音乐家 , engineer end.n. 工程师 and scientist. 达芬奇诞生在农村；从很小的时候,他就表现出极大的聪慧和艺术才能；随着年龄的增长,他学会了做很多不同的事情；他的画是特别出名的,其中一副,蒙娜丽莎,或许是世界上最出名的画作；他仍有很多创造；例如,他的笔记本里有一些关于飞行器的好玩的图纸；Da Vinci was born in 诞生于 the countrysidek.ntr.sa.d农村 . From an

3、early age从 早期开头 , he showed great intelligence.ntel.d.ns 聪慧 and artistic ability .t.st.k .b.l.ti 艺术才能 . As 当；随着 he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintingspe.nt.画作 are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inve

4、ntions.nven.n 创造. For example, his notebooksn.tb.k 笔 记 本 include.nklu.d 包 括 drawingsdr.r.绘画 of flying machines m.i.n飞行器 . some interesting Dinosaurs da.n.s.恐龙2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 恐龙比人类早 6000万年就生活在地球上；他们遍布在地球上的每一个地方；有些恐龙如鸡那么小,有些就有十头大象那么大,有些甚至会飞；Dinosaurs lived on

5、 Earth more than 60 millionm.lj .n百万 years before human beings 人类 . They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could eveni .v.n甚至 fly. 很多恐龙是吃植物的,但有些恐龙又喜爱吃肉；恐龙在地球上的生活超过了 1.5亿年；但是,突然之间,他们灭亡了；没有人知道为什么；不过,我们可以从它们的化石去明白他们；Many dinos

6、aurs ate plantspl .nt植物 . However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out 灭 绝 . Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossilsf.s.l. 化石澳大利亚的大景点Australia s big attractions .tr.k .n 澳大利亚是一个很大的

7、国家；它也有很多大景点；Australia is a very big country. It also has many big attractions. 大香蕉The Big Banana 大香蕉（雕塑）在科夫斯港；它是由 John Landy 于 1964 年制作的；Landy 想要某个东西能招揽人们来到他的水果店,于是他建造了“大香蕉 ”；这个好想法起到了作用,很多人来参观他的水果店,并和3 “大香蕉 ”合影留念；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 不久后,全澳大利亚的人们开头热衷于做大事情；The big

8、banana is in Coffs Harbourh .b.港口 . It was made in 1964 by John Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana. The idea worked起作用 . Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of 拍照 the Big Banana. Soon people all over Australia 整个澳大利亚 began

9、 making big things. 大梅里诺The Big Merino 大梅里诺（雕塑）在古尔本城；梅里诺是羊一个种类；它们能在干燥的气候里生活；在澳大利亚的一些地方很干燥,所以这些羊对那里的农夫很重要；大梅里诺雕塑里面,有一个关于澳大利亚羊毛史的一个小型博物馆；游客仍可以爬到大梅里诺雕塑的头上,透过它的眼睛往外观望；The Big Merinom .ri.n.美利奴样 is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type of 一种 sheep. They can live in dry weather wee .天气. Some places

10、in Australia are very drydra. 干燥的 , so these sheep are very important to the farmers there. Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum mju.z.m 博物馆 about the history of woolw.l in Australia. Visitors can also climb up 爬上去 to the Big Merino s head and look at the view vju .风景 through ru.通过 its eye

11、s. 大英百科全书Encyclopaedia Britannica 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 大英百科全书是文明遐迩的一本百科全书；它是历史最悠久的英文百科全书；第一版出版于 1768 年,从那时起,已经修订过 15 个版本；第 15 版共有32 卷；它们共约 40 万字,包含五十万个主题；今日,大英百科全书有一个 DVD 版本；你也可以在网上找到它；你知道哪本中国的知名的百科全书吗？关于它你都知道些什么？The Encyclopaedia Britannica is a world-famous en

12、cyclopaedia. It is the oldest English-language encyclopaedia. The first edition was published in 1768, and since then there have been 15 editions. The 15th edition is made up of 32 volumes. Together they contain about 40 million words on half a million topics. Today there is a DVD edition of the Bri

13、tannica. You can also find it online. Do you know about any famous Chinese encyclopaedias. What do you know about them. Unit 2 国王和米The king k . and the ricera .s 很久以前,印度有一个国王；国王最喜爱的嬉戏是国际象棋；A long time ago 很久以前 , there was 有 a king in India.nd.印度 . The king s favouritefev.r.t最喜爱的 game嬉戏 was chesst.es

14、象棋 . 一天,一个聪慧的老人来到王宫,国王向他挑战了一场竞赛；国王向老人承诺： “假如你赢了这场竞赛,你可以获得任何奖金；”One day一天 , a wisewa.z 聪慧的 old man 老人 came to来到 the palace p.l.s宫殿 and the king challengedt.l .nd.挑战 him to a game. The king promisedpr.m.s 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 答应 the old man 老人, “You can have 有 any

15、任何 prizepra.z奖品 if 假如 you win the game赢得竞赛 .”老人说： “假如我赢了这场竞赛,我想要棋盘上的第一格一粒米,其次格两粒米,第三格四粒米,余下的每个格都要加倍的数量；”The old man said说, “If I win the game, I d like 想要 one grain gre.n 粒 of rice 米 for the first 第一个 squareskwe. 方格 of the chessboard t.esb.d棋盘, two for the second 其次个 , four for the third 第三个 , and t

16、hen double d.b.l 翻倍 the amount.ma.nt 数量 for each 每一个 of.的 the rest of 剩下的 the squares方格 .”“就这些吗？ ”国王问 “ 你不喜爱金或银吗？ “是的,只要米, ”老人回答说；“Is that all 全部 .” asked the king. “Wouldn t you like goldg.ld 金子 or 或者 silvers.lv. 银子 instead.nsted相反 .”“No, just 仅仅,只 rice 米,” replied riplaid 回答 the old man. 国王和老人用了很长

17、的时间玩了一局；最终,老人赢了；于是国王命令他的人 去取来一袋米；他在（棋盘上的）第一格放了一粒米,在其次格上放了两粒 国王很快意识到一个问题（整副棋盘上）全部的方格！即使动用全国全部的大米,他也无法填满The king 国 王 and the old man played the game for a long time 很 长 时 间 . Finallyfa .n.l.最终 , the old man wonw .n获胜 . So 所以 the king ordered.d.命 令 his men to collectk.lekt收集 a bag of rice 一袋米 . He put

18、放 one graingre.n粒 on the first square, two on the second, and so on 等 等 . The king quickly realizedri.la.z 意识到 the problem问题 even甚至 with 用 all the rice 全部的米 in the country 国家 , he would 将 still 仍旧 not have 有 enough足够的 rice to put 放 on all the squaresskwe.方格. 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 31 页精选学习资料

19、- - - - - - - - - 数字（创造）前的计数Countingka .nt 数数 before 在.之前 numbers 数字在数字创造之前,人们采纳不同的方式来数东西；Before the invention .nven.n创造 of written numbersr .tn书写数字 , people人 们 used用 many 很多 different 不同的 ways方法 to count ka.nt数 things 东西 . 一开头,人们用他们的手指,连同自己的脚趾；然而,他们也只能盼望这样来运算小的数字；At first 第一, people 人们 used 用 their

20、 他们的 fingersf.g.手指 , and even 甚至 their toest.脚趾. However 然而 , they could 能够 only 仅仅 count 数 small 小的 numbers数字 in this way 用这种方法 . 后来,他们开头用棍棒和骨头制作一些小物件；这能帮忙他们运算更大的数字；他们依此来运算如每个月天数、他们拥有的食物和动物数量（那样的数字）；After that 在那之后 , they 他们 began to 开头 make 制作 small 小的 marksm .k 符 号；标记 on sticksst.k 棍子 and bonesb.

21、n骨头. This helped帮忙 them他们 count 数 bigger更大的 numbers数字. They used用 them to count things like像是 the days 天 of the month 月, the amount .ma.nt数量 of food 食物 and the number of .的数 量 animals动物 they had有. 再后来人们开头使用由粘土或小石块做成小物件；这可以用来运算更大的数字；他们通常会它们穿成串儿,以便利他们携带；这就进展成了如算盘的工具；Then然后 people人们 began to 开头 use 用 t

22、okenst.k.n符号 made from用.做 claykle. 泥土 or small stonesb.n石头. This helped them count数 even甚至 bigger 更大的 numbers 数字. They often 常常 put the tokens 符号 on piecespi.s 根 of 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - stringstr.绳子 so that 所以 they could 能够 carry 携带 them around四处 easily容 易地 . Th

23、is developed intod.vel.p 进展成 tools tu.l 工具 like 像 the abacus.b.k.s 算盘 . 最终,人们开头进展书写符号系统,用来显示不同的数字,于是产生了印度 - 阿拉伯数字（ 0-9）；直到今日,我们仍旧在使用这套（数字）系统；Finallyfa .n.l. 最 后 , people 人 们began to 开 始developd.vel.p 发 展systemss.st.m系统 of writtenr .tn 书写的 marks m .k符号 to show 展现；说明 different 不同的 numbers 数字 , and thi

24、s led toled导致 the Hindu-Arabichindu:-.reibik systems.st.m 系统 09. We are still 仍旧 using 使用 this system today. 世界各地的数Numbers around the world 世界各地的人们书写数字的方式不同；下图显示了不同文化背景的人如何写从一到五；People around the world write numbers in different ways. The following shows how people from different cultures write one

25、to five. 汉语：一,二,三,四,五Chinese: 一、二、三、四、五罗马： ,Romans: , , , , 英语： one, two, three, four, five English: one, two, three, four, five 但是,今日世界上绝大多数人都在使用阿拉伯数字（1,2,3,4,5,等等）；However, most people around the world use Arabic numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. today. 8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - -

26、 - - - - Unit 3 电脑的事实 Computer facts f.kt 更小而更好 Smaller and better 在 20 世纪 40 岁月,第一台电脑比汽车仍要大；现在的电脑变得越来越小,而 且越来越好了；有些电脑是微型的；你可能意识不到它们；可能在你的电视机 或洗衣机内部就有一个；你比你所意识到的更加依靠电脑；In the 1940s, the first computers were bigger than cars. Now computers are becoming smaller and better. Some computers are tinyta.n.

27、微小的 . You may be unaware of没 留意到 .n.we. them. There is probably 或许 one inside your TV or washing machine 洗衣机 . You depend on d.pend 依靠 computers more than you realizeri.la.z意识 到. 我们可以用电脑做什么？What can we do with computers. 我们可以用电脑来运算；它们可以以比我们更快的速度运算而且几乎从来不会 给你错误的答案；我们仍可以用它们来打字或绘画；此外,电脑仍可以担负重 要的工作,像是操作

28、铁路、飞飞机和太空飞船；We can use computers to calculatek.lkj .le.t 运算 . They can calculate at a faster speedspi.d 以一个更快的速度than we can and almost 几乎 never从不 give wrong answers. We can also type ta.p 打 字and draw 画things with them. In addition.d.n 另外 , computers can do important jobsd.b工作 like operating .p.re.t

29、操 作 ； 运 行railways re.lwe. 铁 路and flying planes 飞 机and spaceshipsspe.s.p太空飞船 . 一台电脑会比我更聪慧？Is a computer cleverer than me. 答案是 “否”；你的大脑能产生新的想法,但电脑不能；不过,或许有一天电脑能比人类干得更好；例如：他们可能比医生更能从事医生的工作；9 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The answer is “No”. Your brainbre.n大脑 can producepr.dju

30、.s产生 new ideas but computers cannot. However然而 , one day computers may be able to能够 do a better job than human beings 人类. For example, they may be better than doctors at doing their job. 假如电脑可以做我们全部的工作时将会发生什么？我们什么都不用做？电脑可 能会转变我们的生活,但它们会让生活变得更美好吗？What will happen to 发生 us if computers can do all our

31、jobs. Will we have nothing to do. Computers may changet.e.nd.转变 our lives 生活, but will they make them better. 电脑嬉戏的问题 Computer game problems 问题家长们和老师们,下午好；感谢您出席本次会议；上周末,我们的一个同学进 了医院；这名同学在上周六一成天都在电脑上玩在线嬉戏,没有停下来喝口 水、吃饭或睡觉；到最终,他（身体）就变得很虚弱了；Good afternoon, parents 父母 and teacher. Thank you for attending

32、.tend参与 this meeting. Last weekend 上周末 , one of our students went to hospital. The student played computer games on the Internet 网上 all day Saturday without 没有 stopping to drink, eat or sleep. Finally最终, he became very ill生重病 . 一些同学玩电脑嬉戏的时间过长,这是一个严峻的问题；以前,同学们更多的 是常常在户外玩,但现在他们花更多的时间在电脑前；这对他们的健康不利；Som

33、e students play computer games for too long. This is a seriouss.r.s严峻的 problem. In the past在过去 , students used to过去常常 play outside外面 more often, but now they spend 花费 more time in front of 在.前面 computers. This is bad for their healthhel健康. 10 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

34、 明天我们将会有些专家到这跟同学聊聊关于玩电脑嬉戏的坏的影响；他们也将给出一些关于如何用电脑学习的建议；Tomorrow we ll have some experts eksp.t专家 here to talk to the students about the bad effects .fekt 影 响of playing computer games. They ll also give some advice.dva.s 建议 on 关于 how to use computers for studying. 我期望我们能一起努力,防止同学花太多时间玩电脑嬉戏；感谢大家抽空过来！I ho

35、pe we can all work together 一起 to stop students from 阻挡 spending花费 too much 太多 time playing computer games. Thank you for your time. The abacus 算盘算盘或许算是（世上）第一款运算机了；人们早在 4000 年前就开头使用它来做算术了；它在古代中国,罗马,埃及和希腊都有被使用；今日,仍有些人在使 用算盘；The abacus was perhaps the first type of computer. People started using it ov

36、er 4,000 years ago to do maths. It was used in ancient China, Rome, Egypt and Greece. Today some people still use the abacus. 11 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Unit 4 Great 宏大的 inventions .nven .n 创造宏大的创造转变了世界；它们帮忙人们过上更好的生活；下面,是历史上三个最重要的创造；Great inventions change转变 the wor

37、ld 世界 . They 他们 help 帮忙 people 人 live a better life 过更好的生活. The followingf .l. 以下的are three of the most important 最重要的 inventions in historyh.st.r.在历史上 . The wheelwi.l 车轮车轮或许是历史上最宏大的创造；在其创造后,旅行变得更快,更舒服；几千年前,人们开头在车上使用车轮；19 世纪初,第一批列车开头载客；20 世纪初,汽车开头流行；假如没有车轮,我们也就不会有这些创造了；The wheel is perhaps或许 the gre

38、atest invention 最宏大的创造 in history. After 在之 后 its invention, travelling 旅 行 became 变 得 faster 更 快 and more comfortablek.mf .t.b.l 更加舒服 . A few thousand years ago 几千年前 , people started to 开头 use 使用 wheelswi.l on carriagesk.r.d.马车 . In the early 19 thcenturysent.r. 世 纪 , the first trains 火 车 began to

39、开 始 carry 携 带passengersp.snd.乘客. At the start of 开端 the 20 th century, cars became popular变得流行 . Without 没有 the wheel, we would将 not have these这些 inventions 创造. The telephone电话1876 年,亚历山大 格雷厄姆 贝尔创造了第一部有用的电话；自那时起,人们实现了长距离相互通话；今日世界各地上数以百万的人拥有自己的移动电话；它们使人可以彼此之间随时随地保持联系；Alexander Graham Bell invented.nv

40、ent发 明 one of the first practical 实 用 的pr.kt .k.l telephones in 1876. Since s.ns then自从那时候 , people have been able to 能够 speak to each other 彼此 over long distancesd.st.ns在长距离外 . Today millions of 成 百 上 千 万 people across the world 全 世 界 own 拥 有 mobile phonesm.ba.l 移动电话 . They allow 答应 people to keep

41、in toucht .t.保持联系with each other anytime任何时候 , anywhere任何地点 . 12 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The light bulbb .lb电灯泡1879 年,托马斯 爱迪生研制出第一个有用的电灯；在电灯创造之前,人们在夜 里看东西不得不依靠油灯、煤气灯或蜡烛；（自从）有了电灯,人们可以在晚 上犹如白天一样做很多的事情；你能想象离开它们后的生活吗？Thomas Edison developedd.vel.p进展 the first practical

42、light bulb in 1879. Before the invention of the light bulb, people had to不得不 use使用 oil lamps.l l.mp 油 灯, gas lampsg.s气灯 or 或者 candlesk.nd.l 蜡烛 to see at night在晚上 . With 有了 light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytimede.ta.m在白天 . Can you imagine.m.d .n想象 living

43、 生活 without 没有 them他们 . A pen giant d .a.nt 钢笔巨头你知道拉斯洛 拜罗（注：匈牙利文）吗？或许你没听说过,但你可能每天都在 使用着他的创造,你甚至现在手里仍拿着它吧！Do you know Laszlo Biro. Maybe 或许 you do not, but you probably 很可能 use his invention .nven.n 创造 every day, and you may 或许 even 甚至 have it in your hand right now现在 . 拜罗（ 1899-1985）是圆珠笔的创造者；他诞生在匈牙利

44、首都布达佩斯；在 20 世纪 30 岁月,当他担任报社编辑,他几乎每天都要使用钢笔；但是,他不得不 每时每刻都要将其加满墨水；墨水又没那么简单干,有时把报纸搞得一团糟；拜罗想要一支更好的笔；他的弟弟乔治,帮忙开发了一种特殊的的墨水,这种 墨水很简单干；然后,他们开发了一种新型笔；Biro bai .r.u 18991985 was the inventor .nvent.创造家 of the ball-point pen 圆珠笔 . He was born in 诞生于 Budapest, Hungaryh.g.ri 匈牙利 . In the 1930s, when he worked as当 a newspaper 报纸 editored.t.编辑 , he used a fountainfa.nt.n pen钢笔 almost 几乎 every day. However然而 , he had to refillri .f.l 重新装满 it all 13 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 31 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - the time 始终 . The ink .k 墨水 also did not drydra. 干 easily 简单地 , and it sometime