2022年现在完成时的构成和用法.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载现在完成时的构成和用法 I 现在完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开 始,连续到现在的动作或状态；2.时间状语： yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点, for+ 时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：主语 4.否定形式：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词） +其他 +have/has + not +p.p （过去分词） +其他5.一般

2、疑问句： have 或 has；6.例句： Ive written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. II 现在完成时1. 现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has + 过去分词,但动作或事情现在2. 现在完成时的主要用法表示从过去某一时刻开头并始终连续到现在的动作或事情已经终止；Someone has just turned off the light. 有人刚把灯关了；I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业；表示从过去某一时刻开头并

3、始终连续到现在的动作或事情 ,但动作或事情可能仍在连续；I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last. 方以来它发生了多大变化；我想看看从上次见到那地I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了 10 多年的英语；表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经受 . Have you ever been to the Summer Palace. 你曾去过颐和园吗 . I have never had a car. 我从未有过汽车；现在完成时仍常与句型This is t

4、he first time , Its the first time 连用；This is the first time he has driven a car. 这是他第一次开车；现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最 的；Its the most boring film I ve ever seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影；3. 现在完成时的时间状语 常与不确定的时间状语连用,如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks 等,表示“ 到目前为止” 所发生的动作

5、 . 仍可以和包括现在在内 到说话时仍未终止 的,表示一段时间的状语连用,如:now, today, this morning afternoon, evening, week, month, year, these days, since, for a long time 等. since 短语或从句表示过去的动作连续至今,Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984 年以来,史密斯先生始终在这工作；since 之后的时间为一点；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢

6、迎下载Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.他上高校以来大约学了五千个英语单词； for 短语表示动作连续多长时间,for 的宾语为时间段；We have known each other for twenty years. 我们熟悉有二十年了；I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了； just, lately, recently 是完成时的时间状语,一般过去时的时间状语；The train has just arrived. 火车刚到；Did you se

7、e Joan just now. 你刚才看到琼了吗？Have you heard from your family lately/recently. 你最近收到家人的来信了吗？just now 有 a moment ago 之意,是 in the past few years 意思是“ 过去几年来”,可作现在完成时的时间状语；in the past 意思是“ 在过去”,常作一般过去时的时间状语；Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. 过去几年来,我的家乡发生了很大的变化；Where did you

8、 work in the past. 你过去在哪里工作？ even since then 与 from then on after that 都有“ 打那以后” 之意,前者是完成时的时间状语,后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语；Shes lived here ever since then. 打那以后,她始终住在这；I didn t hear of Jim from then on/after that. 打那以后,我就没有吉姆的消息； before 泛指“ 以前” 时,可用于现在完成时中；前” ,是一般过去时的时间状语；ago 表示“ 现在的一段时间以Ive never been to Japa

9、n before. 我以前没去过日本；She went to Japan a year ago. 她一年前去了日本；、 ever 和 never 也是现在完成经常见的时间状语；前者意思是“ 曾经”,多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是“ 从来没有”,表示全部否定；“ Have you ever seen the film.”“ No. I have never seen it.”“ 你曾经看过这部影片吗？”“ 没有,从来没看过； ”Nobody in our class has ever been there. 我们班没有人去过那； already 和 yet 常见于现在完成时中,有“ 已经”

10、之意；前者一般用在确定句中,后者用在疑问句中；yet 在否定句中有“ 仍” 之意；“ Has the bus left yet ” . “ 汽车开走了吗 .”“ Yes. It has already left. ”“ 是的,已经开走了； ”“ No. It hasn t left yet. “ 不,仍没有开走；”so far到目前为止 ,these days这些天 也是现在完成经常见的时间状语；So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. 到目前为止,仍没有人到月球以外旅行；What have you done these days.

11、 这些天来,你做了什么事？now, today, this morning, this year 等有时可以用现在完成时中,以表示到说话时这一时间尚未终止；I have learned how to swim now. 我现在最终学会了怎样游泳；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载Have you seen Han Meimei this morning. 4. 短暂性动词与时间段的关系你今日上午看到韩梅梅了吗？短暂性动词在确定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用,这些动词是：become, begin, b

12、uy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry 等；为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的连续性动词 have,keep 等或短语“be+名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）” 来 代替短暂性动词；become be, beginhave , borrow keep, buy have, come go, arrive, get be here/there/in , leavebe away from , diebe dead, fall asleep ill be asleep ill,

13、 finish be over, get to know know, join be in （ be a member of ） , marrybe married 等 也可以仍用原短暂性动词,用句型“It is since 从句（从句中用一般过去时）” 或用“ 一般过去时 + ago” 这一结构来表述连续性的动作或状 态；他入党五年了；He has been in the Party for five years. He has been a Party member for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party. He

14、 joined the Party five years ago. 电影开头五分钟了；The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began The film began five minutes ago. 但在否定句中,短暂性动词可以与时间段连用；如： I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车仍不到一年；She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿仍没有一个小时；5. have been 与 have gone 的

15、用法比较但现在人不在have been to a place 意思是 “ 到过, 去过” ,表示曾经到过某处,那儿；have gone to 意思是 “ 去了” ,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了；Has she ever been to Nanjing. 她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there, have you. 你以前从未去过那儿,是吗？I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林,我去年去的；She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了；现在完成时专项练习 一

16、单项挑选；名师归纳总结 1. Where is Mr. Liu. - He _the library. 第 3 页,共 5 页A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载2. The students have cleaned the classroom, _. A. so they B. don t they C. have they D. haven t they3. I like Hainan. I _there three times. A. we

17、nt B. go C. have been D. have gone 4. We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 5. - How long _you_ your dictionary. - About two months. A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought 6. He tells me he_ China fo

18、r over five years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China. A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. h

19、as lived there D. has left the university 二、按要求改写句子；9. He has never surfed, _改成反意疑问句）. 10. They have been here since 2000 . 对划线部分提问 _ have they been here. 11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.die 12. This factory opened twenty years ago. 改写句子,句意不变 This factory _ for twenty years. 13. Miss Gao

20、left an hour ago. （改写句子,句意不变）Miss Gao_ an _hour ago. 14. The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （改写句子,句意不变）_ two years_ the Green family moved to France. 15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （改写句子,句意不变）_. 词 填 空：三、动1._ you _clean the room. Yes, we _do that already. When

21、_ you _do it. We _do it an hour ago. 2. _ he _see this film yet. Yes. When _ he _see it. He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_be there. 4. I _ read the novel twice. ItYes.s interesting.5. She _ go to Pairs, hasnt she. How _ she _go there. She _ go there by air. 6. So far, many countries _develo

22、p their software programs. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载7. Mr Chen _giveup smoking last year. 8. Mr chen _give up smoking since last year. 四、 1）、选用for 和 since填空 : 1. We havent seen each other _ a long time.2. His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3. The

23、 film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4. Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5. His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.2）、用 Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空 1. Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. 2. Mum is not at home now. Sh

24、e _ the shop. 3._ you ever _ to kunming . Never. 4. Where _ you _ these days. 5. Has Jim arrived yet. Yes, he _ here for several days. 6. Where is Peter. I dont know where he _.7. Hi Jim. Where _ you _ . 现在完成时练习参考答案：Li Lei is looking for you. 一、 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 二、 9.has he. 10. How l

25、ong 11.died, has been dead 12.has been open 13.has been away 14.It is, since 15.The bus has been here for ten minutes. 三、动词填空 1. Have, cleaned, have done, did, do, did 2. Has, seen, did, see, saw 3. have, been 4. have read 5. has gone, did, go, went 6. have developed 7.gave 8. has given 四、 1）、for 2. since 3. for 4. since 5.for 6.since 2）、1. have been in 2. has gone to 3. Have, been 4. have, been 5. has been 6. has gone 7. have, been 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页