英语字母读音规则.doc

-! 英语国际音标表 一、英语字母发音表 A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef] G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai] J j [d3ei] K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [əu] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′dʌblju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:][zed] 2、 英语国际音标表 （48个） 元音（20个） 长元音 /ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ə:/ /i:/ /u:/ 短元音 /ʌ/ /ɔ / /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ // 双元音 /eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/ 辅音（28个） 轻辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ 浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ // /z/ 轻辅音 /ʃ/ /h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/ 浊辅音 /ʒ/ /r/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/ 鼻 音 /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ 半元音 /j/ / w/ 边 音 /ǀ/ 三、什么叫音节？ 音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [ŋ] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。 四、如何划分音节？ ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。 例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 　　　短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 五、什么是重读音节？ 重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 六、什么叫开音节？ 开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，相对开音节。 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no she so hi ②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse. 七、什么叫闭音节？ 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup 八、英语单词拼读规则 1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 a 在开音节中 [ei ] name plane Jane baby cake date 在闭音节中 [] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese be she 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [əʊ] those close go note home no 在闭音节中 [ ɔ] clock not box shop shock hot u 在开音节中 [ju:] excuse duty tune cute fume huge 在闭音节中 [ ʌ] bus cup jump much lunch nut 2. 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 a [ə] China [tʃainə] another [ənʌə] woman [wumən] breakfast [brekfəst] [i] orange [ɔrindʒ] comrade[kɔmrid] village[vilidʒ] cabbage [kbidʒ] e [ə] hundred [hʌndrəd] student [stju:dənt] open [əupən] children [tʃildrən] [i] chicken[tʃikin] pocket [pɔkit] begin [biɡin] semester[simestə] i [ə] holiday[hɔlədi] beautiful[bju:ti/əful] family[fmə/ili] animal [ni/əməl] [ai] exercise[eksəsaiz] satellite [stəlait] o [ə] second [sekənd] tonight [tənait] welcome[welkəm] [ əu] also[ɔ:lsəu] zero[ziərəu, zi:rəu] photo [fəutəu] u [ ə] autumn [ɔ:təm] difficult[difikəlt] support [səpɔ:t] [ju] popular [pɔpjulə] January[dʒnjuəri] 3.元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 a在[w]音后面读 [ ɔ] want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前读 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i 在-nd -ld -gh前读 [ai] find bind mind child mild light high fight o在-st -ld前读 [əu] most host postcard old cold sold hold o在m n v th前读 [ ʌ] come monkey love mother 4. -r音节元音字母在重读音节中的读音 ar [ɑ:] car farm dark sharp large ar在[w]音后面读[ ɔ:] warm quarter [kwɔ:tə] toward [təwɔ:d] or[ɔ:] forty morning short sport north or在[w]音后面读[ ə:] word worker worse world worm er ir ur [ ə:] certainly[sə:tənli] term bird sir Thursday nurse 5. -re音节元音字母在重读音节中的读音 are [εə ] care dare hare pare bare ware ere [iə ] here mere sere ire [aiə ] fire hire wire tire dire sire ore [ ɔ:] more score before pore ure [juə ] pure cure lure 6. 元音字母在重读音节中的读音 ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play way say air [εə] air hair chair pair repair fair a l [ɔ:l] small ball talk wall all always also salt almost al 在f m前 [ɑ:] half calm palm balm au/aw [ɔ:] autumn daughter draw saw paw raw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please seat reach [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great steak ear [iə] hear dear near clear year sear tear [εə ] bear pear wear swear [ə:] earth learn early pearl search ee [i:] eep week green three tree need eer [iə ] pioneer deer beer peer veer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they ley [i:] either key ew [ju:] new few newspaper pew mew 在j l r 后 [u:] flew brew crew drew jewelry oa [əu] oat Joan boat goal coat coal oar/oor [ɔ:] roar board aboard abroad blackboard door floor moor oi/oy [ɔi ] noise point coin moist toilet boy toy soy joyful oo I. 重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(动物园),room(房间) 等; II. 在辅音字母f, l, m, n, s前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学 校),soon(不久),goose(鹅)等.有一个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛); III. 在字母t前的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿),特例 词:foot[u](脚); IV. 字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(书),look(看),特例 词:food[u:](食物); V. 在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。如:bedroom(卧 室),classroom(教室)等; VI. 在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[ʌ]的音。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等. ou/ow [au] flower house count down mouth mountain allow sound brow [əu] know row throw though follow below [ ʌ] young country enough tough [u:] group soup our [ɔ:] course your four pour [auə ] our hour ours sour ui在j l r s后 [ju:i]/ [jui]/[u:i] tuition[tju:iʃən] suicide[sjuisaid] fluid [flu(:)id] [u:] juice fruit suit 7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey ow [əu] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [ʃən] impression[impreʃən] congressional nation emotion -sion在元音字母后 [ʒən] vision[viʒən] decision occasion confusion -tion在s后 [tʃən] question[kwestʃən] suggestion [səɡdʒestʃən] -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle -sure [ʒə] pleasure measure treasure leisure -ture [tʃə] picture culture future lecture 8、辅音字母的读音 b [b] bike bus bag Bible 在 m后不发音 [/] bomb tomb comb c [k] cake picture coat music c在e前或在i/y前[s] face decide cinema cycle piece ch [tʃ ] much chick rich teacher check watch catch China [k] school headache chemistry technology [ʃ] machine [məʃi:n] Chicago [ʃikɑ:ɡəu] -ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand d ay -dge [dʒ] bridge fridge knowledge edge dr- [dr] children driver drink drama draw f [f] five four breakfast frustrate g g在e /i /y前 [dʒ] general manage managing gym gyp 在a, o , 前 [g] bag garden guide gold go gh [f] cough enough rough laugh tough 有时不发音 [/] light daughter high fight sight gu- /-gue [g] guess league dialogue guitar guide h [h] head house hand hot hundred 在o前面有时不发音 [/] hour honest honor j [dʒ] jeep jar joke join July jam k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock knew l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come example -mn [m] autumn column solemn n [n] not shine ten note 在[k] 音前[ŋ] uncle thank think angry hungry -ng [ŋ] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen sharp ph [f] elephant photo telephone physical q [k] Iraq Qatar qu- quality quite quarrel quantity square -que [k] cheque r [r] red rubber ruler s 在词首或清辅音前，元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] muscle science sleep desk sister 在元音字母u后面多数情况下读[z] music husband business excuse refuse sh [ʃ] finish wash fish shirt shock t 在通常情况下， [t] ten letter meet 在弱读字母ia ie io前[ ʃ] patient [peiʃənt] nation [neiʃən] retia[ri:ti, rei--ʃiə] tch [tʃ] watch catch match fetch th 在通常情况下 [θ] three bath think math thirteen 在冠词、代词、介词和连词中[] the those with though then 在词尾-the和-ther中 [] mother father clothe tr- [tr] tree train country truck v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait 不发音 [/] answer two wh- 在字母o前 [h] who whose whole 其他 [w] what when white why x [ks] box text exercise express 在重读元音前[gz] example exist exact y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo ts [ts] cats lots pets boots ds [dz] beds kids deeds