Ernest-Hemingway海明威人物介绍the-Lost-Generation迷惘的一代.ppt

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1、American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. 1234Contents Life experienceMajor worksThemeStyleHis Life childhood school life after high school World war life in Key West World War II suicidechildhoodHe is the second child, and first son *He is raised in Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago *His f

2、ather a successful physician，love fishing and hunting*His mother a music teacher*music lessons were useful in his writing and a lifelong passion for outdoor adventure and for living in remote areasschool life He attended Oak Park and River Forest High School and excelled both academically and athlet

3、ically His first writing experience was for the schools newspaper and yearbookafter high schoolHe worked as a reporter for The Kansas City Star( 堪萨斯堪萨斯星报星报) before World War I for only six months World war joined the Red Cross Ambulance Corps(红十字会战场红十字会战场服务队服务队) on July 8, 1918, he wounded but carri

4、ed an Italian soldier to safety, received the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery when in the hospital, he met and fell in love with Agnes, a Red Cross nurse but rejectedlife in Key West In 1928，he moved to Key West, Florida, to begin their new life At this time,his father committed suicide During the e

5、arly 1930s Hemingway were busy with hunting, fishing, bullfighting, traveling and writingWorld War II After the Pacific war broke out，he even improvised his yacht as submarine to detect German army and offer the information to American government. In 1940,he created For Whom the Bell Tolls and in 19

6、52 he published his best-known novel，at least to Chinese people，Old Man And The Sea.suicide Discouraged by a troubled family background, illness and the belief that he was losing his gift for writing, he quite deliberately shot himself with his favorite shotgun in the early morning hours of July 2,

7、1961.Major worksshort stories1923：Three Stories and Ten Poems三个故事和十首诗三个故事和十首诗1925：Cat in the Rain雨中的猫雨中的猫1925：In Our Time在我们的时代里在我们的时代里1927：Men Without Women没有女人的男人没有女人的男人1932：The Snows of Kilimanjaro乞力马扎罗的雪乞力马扎罗的雪1933：Winner Take Nothing胜者一无所获胜者一无所获1938：The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Sto

8、ries第五纵队第五纵队与与49个故事个故事1972：The Nick Adams Stories尼克尼克亚当斯故事集亚当斯故事集1987：The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway海明威短海明威短篇故事全集篇故事全集1995：Everymans Library: The Collected Storie海明威故事选集海明威故事选集Figure masterpieces 1926 ：The Sun also Rises太阳照常升起太阳照常升起 1929 ：A Farewell to Arms 永别了，武器永别了，武器 1940： For Who

9、m the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁丧钟为谁而鸣而鸣 1952 ： The Old Man and the Sea 老人与老人与海海Spokesman of the Lost Generation 迷惘的一代 Definition: term applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following WWI, who rebelled against former ideals and values but could replace them only by despair or a

10、cynical hedonism. This included the young English and American expatriates as well as men and women caught in the war and cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. Time period: 1920s Source of the name: Gertrude Stein（格特鲁德斯坦因）, prefa

11、ce to The Sun Also RisesCommon characteristics: Coming of age during the War, having something to do with it Disillusioned and antagonistic against war Unhappy about American culture Expatiates in ParisMajor representatives: the writers such as Hemingway, F.S. Fitzgerald, Thomas Wolfe, and Louis Bro

12、mfield and poets like Malcolm Cowley, E. E. Cummings, and Ezra Pound.Major themes1. Hemingway Theme with a Hemingway Hero: Hemingways heroes live adventure-filled lives that are driven by courage and limited by fear They hide a sensitive heart under a tough exterior “Grace under pressure” is their m

13、otto His heroes are hemmed in by forces beyond their controlDefinition of Code Hero Hemingway defined the Code Hero as a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful. The Code Hero measures him

14、self by how well they handle the difficult situations that life throws at him. In the end the Code Hero will lose because we are all mortal, but the true measure is how a person faces death. The Code believes in Nada, a Spanish word meaning nothing. Along with this, there is no after life.Code hero

15、The “Hemingway Code” of manhood does not involve mere physical strength, sexual potency, or ability to accumulate (or spend) wealth. According to this code, a man is defined by will, pride, and endurance: the endurance to accept pain, even loss-when the loss cannot be avoided; the pride of knowing t

16、hat one has done ones best, with the courage to act truly according to ones own nature; and the will to face defeat or victory without whining on one hand or boasting on the other. Examples of Hemingway code hero:Frederick Henry in A Farewell to ArmsRobert Jordan in For Whom the Bell TollsSntiago in

17、 The Old Man and the Sea 2. War: Violent, meaningless, chaotic, purposeless slaughter; 3. Death; 4. Love; (as a response to the horrors of war and the world: Henry and Catherine ) 5.Fishing, Boxing, Bullfighting, Drinking The novelist was widely quoted as saying, My writing is nothing. My boxing is

18、everything. Wring styleSimplicity, economy of expression Diction: concrete, specific, commonly found, Anglo-Saxon, casual and conversational words, with few adverbs or adjectives Syntax: short, simple sentences, which are orderly and patterned, conversational and sometimes ungrammatical.A near strea

19、m-of-consciousness narration and interior monologue. Understatement and omission ( Iceberg Theory) “I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eights of it under water for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It i

20、s the part that doesnt show.”“I sometimes think that my style is suggestive rather than direct. The reader must often use his imagination or lose the most subtle part of my thoughts.” “If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about ,he may omit things that he knows and the reader,

21、if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.” Hemingways Iceberg Theory - Hemingway His sentences only give one small bit of the me

22、aning. The rest is implied. One must go very deep beneath the surface to understand the full meaning of his writing. Certainly, there are moments when the reader feels the suggestion of vast meaning beneath Hemingways few, spare words. He noted that, “a writers style should be direct and personal, h

23、is imagery rich and earthy, and his words simple and vigorous. The greatest writers have the gift of brevity, are hard workers, diligent scholars and competent stylists”Famous phrases But man is not made for defeat, a man can be destroyed but not defeated. As long as they do not care about gains and losses, Nothing in life should not be overcome.