高一英语必修三.必修四考点归纳.doc

高一英语必修三知识点归纳 Unit1 Festivals around the world 1.sth take palce某事（按意图、）发生，举行 (不及物动词，不能用于被动语态) 2. v.(去e)＋al→n. arrive (v.) 到达→arrival (n.)到达者 survive (v.) 幸存；幸免于；→survival (n.)幸存者 3. starve to death ＝be starved to death饿死 starve for sth.渴望某物 starvation n.饥饿，饿死 4.in memory of sb 纪念某人 5. have belief in对……有信心 believe in相信……的存在， believe vt.相信；认为 6. dress up穿上盛装；打扮； dress sb. up=dress up sb. 打扮某人 sb be dressed in某人穿着… 7. play a trick on sb. ＝play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人 8.admire sb. for sth.因某事而羡慕某人 with/in admiration钦佩地 9.look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 look up to 仰视；尊重 look down on/upon 瞧不起 look into调查 10.have fun with sth/sb玩得开心 for fun为了好玩； it’s fun to do sth.做某事很有趣 funny adj.有趣的；滑稽可笑的 11.offer sth to sb=offer sb sth 提供某人某物 12.decorate sth with sth 用…来装饰… 13.day and night 日夜 14.turn up 出现，到场，调高（音量） turn down 调低 turn to 转向，求助于 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 15.permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 permit doing sth.允许做某事 time/weather permitting=if time/weather permits 如果时间/天气允许的话 permission n.许可，允许 16.keep one’s word 守信用；履行诺言 break one’s word失信；食言； in a word 总之 17.hold one’s breath 屏息；屏气 out of breath 上气不接下气 18.drown oneself in…(＝be drowned in...)浸在…… 19.set off 出发；动身 20.remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事； remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 21.forgive sb. for doing sth.原谅某人做了某事 22.It was obvious that…显而易见的是… It is a pity that...很遗憾…… It is well known that... 众所周知… 23.try to do sth=seek to do sth企图做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 24.mean to do sth打算做某事 mean doing sth意味着做某事 25.hear about/of sth听说某事 26.apologize to sb. for sth./doing sth.因某事/做了某事而向某人道歉 make/offer an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉 27.情态动词will,may,might,can,could,must,should等后面接动词原形 28.在“主语＋be ＋adj. ＋ to do”结构中，主语与不定式中的“do” 为逻辑上的动宾关系(被动)，且作表语的形容词为“light (轻)，heavy，difficult/hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，important，interesting，good”等时，不定式则用主动形式，但表示被动的意义。eg. The room is really pleasant to live in. 29.either...or...或者…或者…，neither…nor…既不…也不…，可连接并列成分，连接主语时遵循就近原则。eg. Either you or he is going there tomorrow 30.with的复合结构：with+宾语+宾语补足语（介词短语/形容词/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式），宾语补足语根据和宾语的主动、被动，或表示将来/目的而选择,位置可前可后。 eg. With a lot of work to do，he wasn’t allowed to go out. With prices going up so fast, we cant afford luxuries. I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 31.as though/if “仿佛，好像”引导的虚拟语气从句中的时态。 虚拟的时间 从句中的谓语时态 现在 一般过去时(be 动词用 were) 过去 过去完成时(had done) 将来 过去将来时(would do) Unit 2 Healthy Eating 1. adj.＋ness→n. kind (adj.) 慈善的；宽容的→kindness (n.) 善良，好心 dark(adj.)黑暗的→darkness(n.)黑暗 tired(adj.)疲劳的；疲惫的→tiredness (n.)疲惫 ill(adj.)生病的；不健康的→illness(n.)疾病；不适 2. eat/have a healthy diet健康饮食 a balanced diet平衡饮食 be/go on a diet节食 balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B 3.lose weight 减肥 gain/put on weight增肥 by weight按重量（称） 4.be curious to do sth.好奇地做某事 be curious about sth.对某事感到奇怪 with curiosity＝curiously (adv.) 好奇地 5.get away with(做坏事)而不受惩罚 get along/on with sb 与……相处 get over 克服 6.tell lies＝tell a lie 说谎 lie in 位于(的内部)； lie on (相邻) lie to(隔开) 规则的说谎 lie lied lied lying 不规则的躺、卧、平放lie lay lain lying 躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid laying 7.win back 赢回 8. The strength of... is that ... …的优势是… build up one’s strength增强体质 strengthen vt.加强；增强 9.could not have sb doing sth不能容忍某人做某事 10.have sb do sth让某人做某事 have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 have sth done 让某事被做 11.be made of由…制作（看得出原材料） be made from (看不出原材料) 12.seem to do sth 看起来，似乎 13.must have done 过去一定做过某事 14.had better do sth 最好做某事 15.sb be surprised to do sth 某人很惊讶地做某事 16. consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事 consult with sb. (about/on sth.)(就某事)与某人商量 17.ought to do sth应该做某事 have to do sth不得不，必须 should have done sth 本应该做某事而实际上没有做 could have done sth 过去本来能够做某事而未能做 18. earn/make one’s living 谋生 19. be in debt to sb.＝be in sb’s debt 欠某人的钱；欠某人的情 20. be limited to sth.受限制于… 21. be of benefit to=be beneficial to对……有好处 22.cut down 削减；砍倒 23. before long 不久以后 24.spy on sb监视某人 25.glare at sb 怒目而视 stare at sb 盯着看 catch sight of 瞥见，扫视 have a glimpse of 瞥一眼 26.the other day 前几天（常用过去时） 27.combine…with…将…和…结合 28.in this way 用这种方法 29.the+序数词“第几” a+序数词“又一次，再一次” 30.“否定词＋谓语动词＋比较级”表示最高级，常用否定词还有no，not，never，nobody，hardly等。eg. As far as I’m concerned，nothing is more important than studying hard. Unit3 The Million Pound Bank Note 1. un＋adj.→adj. happy(adj.) 高兴的→unhappy (adj.) 不快乐的；不幸福的 important (adj.) 重要的→unimportant (adj.) 不重要的 fair (adj.) 公平的→unfair (adj.) 不公平的 comfortable (adj.) 舒适的→uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的 2. bring up （父母）抚养；教育 educate （老师）教育 raise 单纯抚养 3. on the scene=on the spot在现场；当场 4. go ahead 前进；可以；请(说或做)吧 go over 复习 go through 经过，经受 go against 违背，反对 5. by accident＝by chance 偶然地 by design＝on purpose 故意地 6. account for是…的原因；解释 take account of＝take...into account 考虑… on account of=because of由于，因为 7. seek sth. from sb.向某人请求… 8. on the contrary与此相反 9. had just done... when... 刚做完…这时… be doing...when...正在做…这时/突然… be about to do...when...正要做…这时… 10.make a bet on sth with sb和某人就某事打赌 11.sb be lost in某人在…迷路 12. take a chance/chances to do sth.冒险做某事 take a photo 拍照 take a rest 休息一下 take a walk 散步 13. it is bad manners to do sth.做某事没有礼貌 it is good manners to do sth.做某事有礼貌 in a... manner以…的方式 14. as for 关于；至于 as usual像往常一样 15. It is wellknown that...众所周知… As is wellknown，...(as引导非限制性定语从句) What is wellknown is that...(what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句) 16. be known / famous as“作为……而出名”，as后接表示职业、身份等的名词 be known / famous for“因……而著名”，介词for后接出名的原因 be known to“为……所知/ 熟知” 17.英语中表示“许多”： a great number of、(a) few、scores of、dozens of+可数名词复数 a great deal of、(a) little 、a bit of+不可数名词 a large amount of 许多，大量的+不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语 large/good amounts of 修饰不可数名词，作主语时用复数谓语 A large amount of money has been received. ＝Large amounts of money have been received. plenty of、a lot of 、lots of、a large/great quantity of、quantities of后可加可数名词复数，也可加不可数名词 18.语法：名词性从句（宾语从句和表语从句）学习与测评P41页 Unit4 Astronomy:the Science of the Stars 1.n.+-al→adj tradition(n.)传统→traditional(adj.)传统的 person(n.)人→personal(adj.)个人的 education(n.)教育 →educational(adj.)教育的 origin(n.)起源→original(adj.)原始的 2. in time及时 on time 准时 at one time曾经 at the same time同时 all the time一直；始终 for the first time首次，第一次 at no time绝不/决不(用在句首时，句子要用部分倒装) 3. be harmful to对……有害 do harm to sb.＝do sb. harm对某人有害 harmless adj.无害的 4.lay eggs 下蛋 5.exist on靠……生活/生存 There exists...某地有…… existence n.存在；生活 6. in one’s turn　轮到某人 in turn依次；逐个 by turns 轮流；交替 take turns doing/to do sth.轮流做…… It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 7.阻止…做…prevent…(from)… stop…(from)… keep…from… protect…from…保护…免受伤害 8.depend on/upon=rely on/upon 依靠 9.according to 根据 10.in all directions 四面八方 11.make/consider/think/find/believe等动词后加it+adj+to do sth 12.give birth to 产生，分娩 13.too+adj/adv原级+to do sth太…以至不能 14. block out 挡住(光线)；抹去，忘掉(不愉快的回忆) 15. block one’s way 挡住某人的去路 16. break out 爆发 break down出故障 break up解散；打碎 carry out执行 give out用完；耗尽；分发 sort out整理 pick out精心挑选 work out解决；计算出 17. cheer up(使)高兴起来 cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的 cheerfully adv.高兴地 18. now that既然，引导原因状语从句，相当于since in that 因为=because 19. watch out for 密切注意；当心 watch over照顾 20.be+adj+enough to do sth 足够…做某事 21.have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事 22.not…at all一点也不 23.get the hang of 熟悉，掌握 24. as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as 像…一样的… eg.I want to own as large a house as hers. as＋adj./adv.原级＋as 25.常见倍数表达：A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/ length...)of B eg.Asia ia four times as large as Europe. The new building is four times higher than the old one. The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. （time表示次数、倍数时可用复数） 语法：主语从句，学习与测评P56页 whether 和 if 的用法区别：引导宾语从句既可以用 whether，也可以用 if，两者常可以互换。介词后、动词不定式后、和 or not 连在一起时，引导位于句首的主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时应当用 whether，不用 if。 Unit5 Canada—“The True North” 1. adj.＋ly→adv. happy→happily polite→politely unfortunate→unfortuantely violent→violently 2. be surrounded with/by...被……包围 surrounding adj.周围的 surroundings n.环境；周边事物 3.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 4. go aboard (the ship/plane/train) 上(船、飞机或火车) abroad adv.海外，国外 go abroad出国 5.settle down to (doing) sth.定下心来做… 6.settle vt. 解决(问题等)；定居 settlement n.解决；定居 settler n.定居者；移民者 7.manage to do sth设法做,成功做 8. at first sight乍看起来；一看见、 at the sight of一看见 9.be gifted/talented in sth.擅长做某事 have a gift for doing sth有做某事的天赋 10.decide to do sth 决定做某事 11.take the train坐火车=by train 12.on the way to+地点 去某地的路上 （副词home/there/here前不能接介词） 13.compete in 参加（比赛） 14. terrify vt.使恐惧，使惊吓 terrifying adj. 可怕的(形容事/物) terrified adj. 很害怕；恐惧(形容人或人的表情) be terrified at/by...因…而害怕 15.go on a tour 去旅游 16. mix sth.with sth把某物与某物混合起来 mix up 弄乱；混淆 mixture n.混合(物) 17.confirm sb.in sth.使某人确信某事 18.in the distance　在远处 keep sb.at a distance 与某人保持一定距离 distant adj.(时间或空间)久远的；远处的 提问用：What’s the distance from Beijing to London？ 19. It is a tradition to do sth.做某事是传统 traditional adj.传统的 20.impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人铭记… impress sb.with sth.＝sb be impressed by/with sth. leave/make/have a +adj+impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 21. as far as I am concerned=as far as I know 就我而言(描述个人观点) 22.at dusk/dawn/night/midnight/noon 23.dream of/about doing sth梦想做某事 24.be/get close to 接近，靠近 25.语法：同位语从句（学习与测评P70页） 26.比较级表示最高级：比较级+than+any other+单数名词（范围内） 比较级+than+any +单数名词（范围外） eg.Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 比较级+than+all the other+复数名词 比较级+than+the rest of+复数名词/不可数名词 否定词+比较级eg.I have never heard a better voice. 27.独立主格结构：当分词(短语)作状语并且分词(短语)有自己的主语时，这种结构称为独立主格结构，其构成是“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/名词/介词短语”，可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等。 eg.More time given, we should have done it much better. A lot of work to do, he can’t go home now. Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 高一英语必修四知识点归纳 Unit1 Cultural relics 1.v.＋ment→n. move(v.)移动→movement(n.)移动 punish(v.)惩罚→punishment(n.)惩罚 develop(v.)发展→development(n.)发展 2. a sense of achievement成就感 3. achieve one’s success 获得成功 4. achieve one’s goal 达到目标 5. behave well/badly to/towards sb.　对某人好/差 behaviour n．举止；行为 6. move off 离开；起程；出发 move on 变换(工作、话题等)；前进 move away 搬走；离开 7. 感官动词的用法，如： observe sb. do sth.观察到某人做了某事 observe sb.doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事 observe sb./sth.done 观察到……被…… 8. respect sb.as/for... 因…而尊敬某人 9. give/send one’s respect to sb. 向某人表达敬意 10. argue forsth. 据理赞成…… 11. argue against sth. 据理反对…… 12. argue sb.into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 13. argue sb.out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事 14. crowd in sb. (想法、问题等)涌上心头 15. be crowded with 充满着… crowded adj. 拥挤的，挤满的 3216+5646+12+3 0 16. inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 17. inspired (人)深受鼓舞的inspiring（事）令人鼓舞的 inspiration 名词 18. help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 19. instead of (doing) sth而不是做某事 20. stop doing sth停止正在做的事 stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事 21. as+adj/adv 原级as possible尽可能... 22. go back to+地点 返回某地 23. move off 离开 24. sb spend+时间+(in) doing sth某人花费多少时间做某事 25. communicate with sb 和某人交流 chat with 和某人聊天 26. arrive in+大地点 arrive at+小地点 27. look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起 28. look up to sb 尊敬某人 29. consider...as...把...看做... 30. refer to 查阅；参考；指的是 31. Catch one’s eye 吸引某人的注意 32. When it comes to...当谈及... 33. Free from免于... 34. intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 35. intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 36. be intended for专门为……而设计的 37. considerate adj. 考虑周到的 38. It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth. 某人做某事很体贴人 39. deliver...to...把…传递给… 40. carry on doing sth 继续做某事 41. carry out 实行 42. not...until...直到... 43. do some research 做研究 44. at that time 在那时（常用过去时） 45. at the rate按照...比率 46. make sure 确信 47. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 48. be busy in doing sth忙于做某事 49. It seems/seemed that...看来…；好像… 50. It hit sb.＋从句=It occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想到… Eg. It hits me that I have to finish the work at once. 51. 语法:主谓一致，牢记遵循就远原则和就近原则的词组（学习与测评P8） 52. Family指“家庭”时，有单复数之分，指“家人”时，是集体名词，只有单数形式，谓语动词一般为复数。 53. Eg.The family is very big.(家族) My family are very well.(家人) 54.only＋状语(时间状语，地点状语，方式状语等)置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装(将情态动词、助动词或者be动词提到主语前面) 。 Eg.Only in this way can you learn English well. Unit 2 Working the Land 1.v.ing→adj. excite→exciting interest→interesting surprise→surprising amaze→amazing 2.thanks to 多亏，由于 3.be satisfied with对...感到满意 be satisfied to do...对做…感到满意 satisfy one’s needs 满足某人的需要 to one’s satisfaction令某人满意的是 4.struggle to do sth.努力做某事 struggle with/against 与……作斗争 struggle for为……而斗争 5.rid sth of sth=get rid of sth使…摆脱 6. expand...into...把…扩展成 7. 因为，由于：thanks to because of 、due to as a result of 、owing to on account of 8.be equipped with装备，具有… equip sb for 使某人具有 9.the+序数词+名词+to do sth 第几个做某事的人 10.search for=be in search of 寻找，搜寻 11.consider doing sth考虑做某事 consider…as…把…看作… 12.倍数表达：谓语+as+adj/adv原级+as 谓语+adj/adv比较级+than… 13.with the help of…在…的帮助下 with the hope of…怀有…希望 14.lead to (doing) sth 导致…后果 lead a．..life 过…的生活 15.regret doing sth后悔做了某事 regret to do sth对要做的事感到遗憾 remember doing sth记得做了某事 remember to do sth 记住要去做某事 16.focus on=pay attention to doing sth集中注意力于 17.keep…free from 使…免受（影响、伤害等） 18.decrease/reduce…by…减少了…（幅度） decrease/reduce…to…减少到… increase/rise增加 19. confuse A with/ and B把A与B混淆 be confused about对……感到困惑 20.couldn’t help doing sth忍不住做某事 21. build up one’s health/body 增进健康 build oneself up增强体质 build oneself strength 增强体力 22. make comments on sth. 评论某事 23.语法：v-ing作主语和宾语（学习与测评P25） 24.现在完成进行时：have/has been doing sth 动作发生在过去，持续到现在，并且强调现在还在进行。 Unit 3 A Taste of English Humour 1. v.＋ion→n. educate→education (n.) 教育 collect→collection (n.)收集物 correct→correction(n.)改正 devote→devotion (n.) 奉献 select→selection (n.)挑选 2. up to now/present= so far 直到现在 (常与现在完成时连用) 3. feel/be content with...对…满足/满意 content oneself with 满足于 4. astonish vt. 使惊讶 astonished adj. 对…感到吃惊的 be astonished at/by 对…感到惊讶 to one’s astonishment令某人吃惊的是(常作插入语) 5.badly off 穷的；缺少的 bad/badly—worse—worst be well off 富裕；境况良好 good/well—better—best 6. entertain v使欢乐；款待 entertainment n. 娱乐；文娱节目 7.cut off 切断；断绝 8. convince sb.of sth.使某人确信某事 convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 9.in particular＝particularly特别地；尤其地(作状语) 10.on one occasion有一次；曾经 11.treat…as…把…当作…对待 12. be amused at/by... 对…觉得好笑 be surprised at/by… 对…觉得惊讶 to one’s amusement 使某人感到好笑的是 13. in a whisper/whispers ＝in a low voice 耳语地；低声地 whisper to sb. 向某人低声说 14. make a mess of 把……弄乱 in a mess 处于混乱的状态 mess up 弄乱；弄脏 15. react to 对…作出反应 reaction n. 反应 16.at no extra charge 不需额外付费 17.be afraid of doing sth 害怕作某事 18.语法：V-ing作表语、定语和宾语补足语（学习与测评P42） as作连词，可引导时间状语从句，等于when,“当…时候，随着”。 As you grow older, you will know better and better about yourself. 可引导原因状语从句，类似于because, since,for，“因为”。 As rain has fallen, the ais is cooler. 可引导方式状语从句，“如，像，按照”。 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 可引导让步状语从句，“虽然，尽管”，结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词+as+主谓。 Child as he is, he knows a lot. Unit 4 Body Language 1. v.＋ment→n. agree→agreement (n.)协议；同意 appoint→appointment (n.)任命；约定 achieve→achievement(n.)成就；功绩 argue→argument(n.)争论；辩论；争吵 amuse→amusement(n.)娱乐；消遣 2.major in…主修… 3. associate with 与…有关 4.at the crossroads 在十字路口 5. It’s likely that... …是可能的