英语肯定句否定句一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的讲解与练习进步.doc

.\ 肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的讲解与练习 二．句子的种类 类别 用法 标点 例句 陈述句 肯定 叙述一件事情或 说明说话人的看法 . This is a bag.这是一个包。 Thats my book.那是我的书。 否定 I can’t see a bag over there. I dont know.我不知道。 疑问句 一般 用于提出问题 ? Are you a student?你是学生吗？ Do you like puppets? Can you speak English?你会说英语吗？ 特殊 用于提出问题 ? Whats your name?你的名字是什么？ Wheres my bag?我的包在哪里 How many trees are there?那儿有多少树？ 选择 用于提出问题 ? Is your friend a boy or a girl? 你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？ 反意 用于提出问题 ? Its a fine day, isnt it? 祈使句 表示命令或请求、建议 .或！ Put it here!把那个放这儿。 Look at the noticeboard.看公告栏。 感叹句 表示惊讶\赞美\愤怒 等强烈情感 ！ How smart!多么聪明啊！ Glad to see you!见到你真是高兴！ What a nice pencil case! 一、be动词：am, is, are 二、肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句定义 1．肯定句：表示肯定的意思, 即不含有否定词“不”。 比如：我是一个学生 I am a student. 他去上学 He goes to school. 2．否定句：表示否定的意思。 比如：我不是一个男孩。 I am not a boy. 他不去上学 He does not go to school. 3. 一般疑问句：回答为“是yes”或者“否no”的问句。 比如：你是一个学生吗？ Are you a student? 你喜欢英语吗？ Do you like English? 4. 特殊疑问句：回答不是“是yes”或者“否no”的问句，根据提问内容具体回答。 比如：现在几点了？ What’s the time? 哪一支笔是你的？ Which is your pen? 三、肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换 有am, is, are的句子， 肯定句变否定句：在am, is, are后面加上not,其余按顺序照抄。 肯定句变一般疑问句：把am, is, are提前放到句首并大写Am, Is, Are,其余照抄。 肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤 第一步：先变一般疑问句。 第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分。 第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。 注意：1.一定先变一般疑问句。但是，如果问的是主语或主语的定语时，语序不变， 为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。 如：Liming s not here today.　　Whos not here today? 今天谁没来？ 2.划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。 when 什么时间（问时间） what date 什么日期 问具体日期 who 谁（问人） what place什么地点问具体地址 whose 谁的 问主人 how …怎么样 问情况 where 在哪里 问地点 how old 多大 问年龄 which 哪一个 问选择 how many 多少 问数量 why 为什么 问原因 how much 多少 问价钱 what 什么 问东西 how about …怎么样 问意见 what time 什么时间 问时间 how far 多远 问路程 what colour 什么颜色 问颜色 how long 多长 问时间 what about…怎么样 问意见 How soon 多快，多久 问时间 what day 星期几 问星期 How often多久 问频率 例如： 1． 肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的互换 肯定句：This is a book. 否定句：This is not a book. 一般疑问句：Is this a book? 肯定回答：Yes, it is. 否定回答：No, it isn’t. 2． 就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句) This is a book. 第一步：变一般疑问句 Is this a book? 第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词 Is this what ? 第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What is this? 没有am, is, are的句子， 肯定句变否定句：在主语后面加上do not或者does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形。 肯定句变一般疑问句：在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意：动词用原形。 肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤。 第一步：先变一般疑问句。 第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分。 第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。 注意：1.一定先变一般疑问句。但是，如果问的是主语或主语的定语时， 语序不变，为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。 2.划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。 非单三时用do, 单三时用does。 非单三 肯定句：I like English. 一般疑问句：Do you like English? 否定句：I do not like English. 单三 肯定句：He likes English. 一般疑问句：Does he like English? 否定句：He does not like English. 就划线部分提问：I like English. 第一步：先变一般疑问句 Do you like English? 第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Do you like what? 第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。 What do you like? 特殊：1.some变为any。如： There are some birds in the tree.→There arent any birds in the tree. 但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如： Would you like some orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。 2.and变为or。如： I have a knife and a ruler.→I dont have a knife or a ruler. 3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如： They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They dont have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）→There isnt much orange in the bottle. 4.already变为yet。如： I have been there already.→I havent been there yet. 专项——句型转换 一、含有be动词的陈述句变一般疑问句和否定句 1Thestudentisatschool. 2Thestudentsareatschool. 3HisfatherisanEnglishteacher. 4Thesecatsarecrying. 5Heiscryingunderthetree. 6Hisbirthdayisonthetwentieth ofNovember. 7Mrs.LiandKittyareinabigshop. 8Everybodyisintheclassroom. 9Theboyunderthetreeishungry. 10Yourbrother’sauntisonthechair. 11There’saneraseronthedesk. 12Thoseareyourkeys. 13Johnishisfirstname. 14Myfatherisfine. 15Thisisashort. 16There’retwopensinthepencilcase. 17Theboysaremygoogfriends. 二、不含be动词（即含行为动词）的陈述句变一般疑问句和否定句 1Theycanswim. 2IliketoreadEnglish. 3Igotoschoolonfoot. 4HelikesEnglish. 5Hisfathergoestoworkbybus 6Hegoestoschooleveryday. 7Iwanttohaveamodelcar. 8Shewantsacupofcoffee. 9Mrs.LiandKittywatchtelevisionatnight. 10Idomyhomeworkafterschool. 11Theboydoessomehouseworkathome. 12Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark. 13Jimhassomestory-books. 14Mr.Hunttellussomethingimportantatthemeeting. 15Theoldmandoesmorningexerciseseverymorning. 16Imustfinishmyhomeworkbeforeeighto’clock. 17HeoftengoestothelibraryonSundays. 18Theyhaveaclassmeetingeveryweek. 19Wearegoingtoseehimtomorrow. 20Thestorysoundsveryinteresting. 21Icanhelpyou. 22Tom’sT-shirtisfivedollars. 牛津英语小学部分语法——特殊疑问句 一．特殊疑问句 单词 意思 用法 when 什么时间 问时间 who 谁 问人 whose 谁的 问主人 where 在哪里 问地点 which 哪一个 问选择 why 为什么 问原因 what 什么 问东西 what time 什么时间 问时间 what colour 什么颜色 问颜色 what about …怎么样 问意见 what day 星期几 问星期 what date 什么日期 问具体日期 what for 为何目的 问目的 how …怎么样 问情况 how old 多大 问年龄 how many 多少 问数量 how much 多少 问价钱 how about …怎么样 问意见 how far 多远 问路程 练一练 1、A: _______ is the boy in blue?B:He’s Mike. 2、A: _______ wallet is it? B:It’s mine. 3、A: _______ is the diary? B:It’s under the chair. 4、A: _______ is the Chirstmas Day? B: It’s on the 25th of December. 5、A: _______ are the earphones?B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _______ is the hairdryer?B:It’s blue. 7、A: _______ is it today?B:It’s Sunday. 8、A: _______ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. 9、A: _______ this red one?B:It’s beautiful. 10、A: _______ is it from here? B:It’s about two kilometre away. 11、A: Can I have some paper and some crayons? B: _______ ?A: I want to make a kite. 12、A:_______ one is fatter, the blue one or the red one? B: The blue one. 13、A:_______ is your cousin?B: He’s 15 years old. 14、A:_______ do you have dinner? B: At 6 o’clock 对划线部分提问。（把各句变为特殊疑问句） 1、 对主语（人）提问： The boy is running now. Who is running now? 2、 对表语（人）提问： He is Lily’s father. Who is he ? 3、 对介宾（人）提问： She is looking for the little boy. Who is she looking for ? 4、 对动宾（人）提问： I often help Wei Hua with English. Who do you often help with English? 5、 对间宾（人）提问： Kate lent Tom a ball yesterday. Who did Kate lend a ball yesterday? 6、 对主语（东西）提问： The books are on the desk.. What are on the desk ? 7、 对表语（东西）提问： These are boats. What are these? 8、 对动宾（东西）提问： I want a cup of tea. What do you want? 9对职业（提问）提问： The man is a farmer. What is the man ? What does the man do? 10.对介宾（东西）提问： He is looking for his pen. What is he looking for? 11、对是什么提问： It’s a Chinese car. What is it? 12、对计算结果提问： Six and nine is fifteen. What is six and nine? 13、对年级提问： I’m in Grade Three. What grade are you in? 14、对班级提问： Li Lei is in Class Five. What class is Li Lei in? 15、对年级和班级提问： Wei Hua is in Class Three Grade One, What class and grade is Wei hua in ? 16、对排提问: We are in Row One. What row are you in? 注：１、对年级、班级、排提问时，问句中的in 不能去掉． ２，what 后的grade ,class ，row用小写形式． 3,what根据实际译为汉语． 17、对学号提问: Lucy is Number Six. What number is Lucy? What is Lucy’s number? 18、对后置定语提问: This is a map of China. What map is this ? 19、对颜色提问: The flowers are red. What color are the flowers? 20、对几点几分提问: It’s six. What time is it ? What’s the time? 21、对名字提问: My name is Li Lei. What’s your name ? 22、对前置定语提问: These apples are yours. Which apples are yours? The best one is Lily’s. Which one is Lily’s? 23、对表语（名物代）提问: This cup is yours. Whose is the cup? 24、对后置定语提问: The boy in the hat is my brother. Which boy is your brother? 25、对后置定语提问: I want to buy the shirt on the left. Which shirt do you want to buy? 26、对主语（名物代）提问: Mine is red. Whose is red? 27、对定语（形物代）提问: They are my books. Whose books are they? 28、对定语（名词所有格）提问: This is Lucy and Lily’s room. Whose room is this? 29、对表语（名词所有格）提问： This cup is Kate’s. Whose is this cup? 30对身体提问： I’m fine (well, OK, All right.) How are you? 31、对年龄提问： The boy is fifteen. How old are you? 32、对天气提问： It’s cloudy today. How is the weather today? =What’s the weather like today? 33、对语言提问： I can spell it in English. How can you spell it? 34、对方式提问： I often go to school on foot.(by bus ,by train , by bike) How do you often go to school? 35、对程度提问： She studies hard. How does she study? 36、对数量提问： 1,There are five birds in the tree. How many birds are there in the tree? 2,There is much water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle ? 3,There is an apple tree in front of the house. How many apple trees are there in front of the house? 37、对价格提问：The meat is ten yuan. How much is the meat? 注：1，对价格提问，be 应根据后面的主语而定。2，单位yuan在问句中去掉。 38、对距离提问： The factory is two kilometers from here. How far is the factory from here? 39、对长度提问： The ruler is one metre long. How long is the ruler? 40、对for+一段时间提问： We have stayed there for two hours. How long have you stayed there ? He has lived here since 1997. How long has he lived here? 注：how long 后面必须是延续性动词。 41、对星期提问： Today is Monday. What day is it today? 42、对in+一段时间提问： The woman will go to the shop in five minutes. How soon the woman will go to the shop? 43、对频度副词提问： Liu Ying often carries water for Uncle Li. How often does Liu Ying carry water for Uncle Li? 44、对范围内的次数提问： I go swimming once a week in summer. How many times do you go swimming in summer? 45、对宽度提问： The river is five metres wide. How wide is the river? 46、对原因状语提问： He didn’t come to school because he was ill in bed. Why didn’t he come to school? 注：表示“因为”的连词有since, as , for, because. 47、对时间状语提问： We usually come to school at seven in the morning. When do you usually come to school? 48、对地点状语提问： The children sometimes play football in the playground. Where do the children sometimes play football? 49、对几月几日提问： It’s May 2 today. What’s the date today? 50、对种类（后置定语）提问： I want the cakes with nuts in them . What kind of cakes do you want? 51、对做什么提问： The boys are playing in the tree. What are the boys doing in the tree? 熟记变特殊疑问句时，容易判断错的情况。 1、 数词 表示年龄：He is fifty-five. How old is he ? 表示时间：It’s fifty-five. What’s the time? 表示加法：Six and two is eight. What’s six and two? 表示价格：The shirt is thirty yuan . How much is the shirt? 表示多少：I have three brothers. How many brothers do you have? 2、 姓名和人 表示人名：My name is Gina. What’s your name? 表示人：The woman is Gina. Who is the woman ? 3、 长度和距离 表示距离：It’s five hundred metres away from here. How far is it from here? 表示长度：It’s five hundred metres. How long is it ? 4、 颜色，东西 表示颜色：The shoes are white. What color are the shoes? 表示物：They are white sheep. What are they? 表示颜色：They are white sheep. What color are these sheep? 5、 名词所有格和人 表示名词所有格：She’s Lucy’s sister. Whose sister is she? 表示人：She’s Lucy’s sister. Who is she? Practise: 1._______________ is this? It’s a rubber. 2._____ _______ rubbers are there in the pencilbox? 3._____ _______ is your brother? He’s nine. 4.________ are they? They are cows. 5. _______ are you? I’m fine. 6. _______ do you feel? We are happy. 7.________ is your father? He is a dentist. 8.________ does he goto school? He goes to school by bus. 9.________ are the ducks? They are on the river. 10. ______ is his name? He is Martin. 11. _______ ________ new books have you got? Five. 12._______ ________ is the tree? It’s green. 13. _______coats are these? Mary’s. 14. _______ is on the desk? There is a glass. 15. _______ _______ is this book? It’s a cirecle. 对画线部分提问 1． They bought a new bike yesterday. ____________________________________________________ 2． She is a nurse . ____________________________________________________ 3． She is my teacher. ____________________________________________________ 4． He bought the red one . ____________________________________________________ 5． It is my coat . ____________________________________________________ 6． I am looking for my sister . ____________________________________________________ 7． I get up at six . ____________________________________________________ 8． I am from Hubei . ____________________________________________________ 9． I went to school late because I got up late. ____________________________________________________ 10. It is windy . _____________________________________________________ 11. I am getting on well with it. _____________________________________________________ 12. My bag is red . ______________________________________________________ 13. The book is Li Hua’s. ______________________________________________________ 14. I like math best. ______________________________________________________ 15. They are five yuan . ______________________________________________________ 16. I wash it twice a week . ______________________________________________________ 17. He will be back in four days . ______________________________________________________ 18. I didn’t come to class yesterday because I was ill . ______________________________________________________ II.选择题 ( ) 19. Excuse me ______ is the nearest bookshop ? Go down the street and turn left at the second corner? A. how B. what C. where D. who ( ) 20. ______ is a ticker for the film Hacker He? About forty yuan . A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often ( ) 21. —______ are you going? — I’m going to the library. A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where ( ) 22. It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it? Just to Shanghai. A. How much B. How soon C. How long D. How far ( ) 23. ______? It’s eight. A. What day is it B. What’s five and three C. How old are you D. What’s your telephone number ( ) 24. —______? —I’ve got a headache and a cough. A. What’s your trouble B. What’s wrong with it C. Can I help you D. How are you ( ) 25. ______ tea did you have? Two cups. A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. Which ( ) 26. ______ shall we meet in the park? What about half past eight? A. What B. When C. Where D., Which ( ) 27. ______ a year does your school have sports meetings? Twice a year. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times ( )28. ______? The one behind the tree. A. Whose girl B. Who’s that girl C. Which girl D. Where’s the girl