最新高中英语语法大全归纳总结教学教材 .docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结高中英语语法权威解析目录 :第 01 章 名词性从句第 02 章 “ It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解第 03 章 高中英语语法中的省略现象第 04 章 主谓一样第 05 章 动词不定式第 06 章 倒装结构第 07 章 定语从句第 08 章 被动语态第 09 章 祈使句第 10 章 感叹句第 11 章 疑问句第 12 章 名词第一章 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组 , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从

2、句和同位语从句。一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。1. It作形式主语和it 引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平稳句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it 引导的强调句就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom 。例如：a) It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film.你不去看那场电影真惋惜。b) It doesn t interest me whether you succ

3、eed or not.我对你成功与否不感爱好。c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。 （强调句型）d) It is John that broke the window.是 John 打碎的窗户。（强调句型）2. 用 it作形式主语的结构1 It is 名词 从句It is a fact that事实是It is an honor that特别荣幸It is common knowledge that是常识2 It is 形容词 从句It is natural that 很自然It is strange th

4、at古怪的是3 It is 不及物动词 从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It seems that似乎It happened that碰巧It appears that似乎4 It 过去分词 从句It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that已证明It is said that据说3. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形：（1） if引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首。（2） It is said /reported 结构中的主语从句不行提前。例如：正确表达： It is said that President Jiang will

5、visit our school next week.错误表达： That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3） It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不行提前。例如：正确表达： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.错误表达： That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4） It doesn t matter how/whether结构中的主语从句不行提前。例如： 正确表达

6、： It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达： Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter.（5） 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不行提前。例如： 正确表达： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening.错误表达： Is that will rain in the evening likely.4. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语宾语表语,而that 就不然。例如：a)

7、 What you said yesterday is right.b) That she is still alive is a consolation二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词及物动词 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由 that 引导的宾语从句 that 通常可以省略 , 例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。(2) 由 what, whether if引导的宾语从句,例如：a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。b) I wond

8、er whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. 作介词的宾语,例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3. 作形容词的宾语,例如：I am afraid that I ve made

9、a mistake. 我唯恐我已经犯了一个错误。留意： that 引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作缘由状语从句。4. it可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语,仍可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语tha

10、t 从句就放在句尾, 特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不行以用 that 引导的宾语从句。如：正确表达： I admire their winning the matc

11、h.错误表达： I admire that they won the match.6. 不行用 that 从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不行用于“动词间接宾语that 从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等。例如：正确表达： He impressed the manager as an honest man.错误表达： He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的转移如主句

12、谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等, 其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用确定式。例如：I don t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后, 一般结构是 “主语连系动词表语从句” 。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem 等。 引导表语从句的 that常可省略。另外,常用的仍有the reason i

13、s that 和 It is because 等结构。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we canhetsgueptptort of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the

14、early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步说明,说明名词的详细内容,一般由that 引导,例如：1) T he king s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开

15、。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分(1) 定语从句中的that 既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语）,而同位语从句中的 that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特点。同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next ye

16、ar.（他告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句,that 在从句中作宾语）2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句, that 在句中不作任何成分）高一英语名词性从句专项练习1. he does has nothing to do with me.A. whateverB. No matter whatC. ThatD. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how A. did the qu

17、arrel came aboutB .the quarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come aboutD. had the quarrel come about3. Energy ismakes thing work.A. what B. something C. anythingD. that4. Information has been putforwardmore middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as5

18、. This isthe Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A. thereB. in whichC. whereD. when6. They have no idea at all.A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place has he goneD. where has he gone可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient s fearhe would die of the disease.A. thatB.

19、whichC. of whichD.of that8. The order camethe soldiersthe small village the next morning.A.that ;had to leaveB.that; should leaveC./; must leaveD.when; should leave9. is no possibilityBob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; thatB. It; thatC. there; whetherD. It; whether10. The question ca

20、me up at the meetingwe had enough money for our research.A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. if11. Ishe said really true.A. thatB.whatC. whyD. whether12. the meeting should last two days or three days doesn t matter.A. ThatB. WhetherC. IfD. Where13. It worried her a bither hair was turning gray.A. whileB. i

21、fC. thatD. for14. .more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A. WhetherB. ThisC. whoD. If15. he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhetherD. If16. you don t like him is none oyf bmusiness.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoD. How17. all the inven

22、tions have in common isthey have succeeded.A. What; whatB. That; thatC. what; thatD. That ; what18. appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A. WhatB. ItC. All thatD. That19. It is widelythat smoking can cause cancer.A. believedB.thinkC. sayD. hoped20. caused the accident is still a complet

23、e mystery.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. WhereKeys:1 5 ABABC6 10 AABAC11 15 BBCAB16 20 BCBAA其次章 “ It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解It用法及其句型和固定搭配, 是高中英语语法的重点、 难点,又是近几年高考的热点, 因此应赐予充分的重视,现将it 用法归纳如下：一、 It 用作实词表达以下概念 :指代前文提到的事物, 前文中的 this, that 。替代前文中的内容。指代一位可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结性别不明的小孩或未知的人。指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事。指代时间、 天气、气候、距离等

24、自然现象二、 It 用作形式主语替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。It作形式主语的常见句型：1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为(1) It be adj. for sb. to do sth.此处 adj.通常为描述大事的形容词：easy, difficult,hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannere

25、d, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous例It is illegal for a teenager to drive a car without a license.(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.此处 adj.通常为描述人的形容词：kind,unkind,nice,rude, cruel,considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly,

26、 foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.例Its kind of you to help me with the problem.(3) It 替代作主语的动名词的常见句型Its no good/use doingIts wellworth doingIts wellworth ones while doing/to doIts wellworth while doing/ to do例Its no use crying over spilt milk.2. It 替代作主语的从句常见句型(1) It is + noun + 从句例It is no secr

27、et that the president wants to have a second term at office.(2) It is adj. +clauseIts surprising that should 竟然 Its a pity/shame that should 竟然例Its importantthat you should apologize to her for your rudeness.=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(3) It verb sb. +

28、 clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that例It worried me that she drove so fast.= It was worrying that she drove so fast.(4) It verb to sb. thatb/sth ver=b sto doverb = appear, seem, come about, emerge

29、, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out例It so happened/chanced that they were out.= They happened/chanced to be out.(5) It is v- ed that =sbth/sis to doverb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know ）例It is sai

30、d that the couple have gotten divorced.=The couple are said to have gottendivorced.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结(6) It is v- ed that shouldverb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 三、 It 作主语的句型1. It takes sb. to do =s

31、b takes to do 某人用多长时间做某事例It took the men a week to mend our roof.= The men took a week to mend our roof.2. Its justunlike sb. to do （不）像某人做某事的风格例It was just like him to think of helping us.3. Its about/high time that should /v-ed是该做某事的时候了例Itsabout/high time that we should take action.4. Its the x-th

32、 time that have v-ed第几次做某事了例Its the third time that he has failed the driving test.5. It is/has been since continuous v-ed 连续性动词 某动作已有多长时间不发生了例Its 10 years that he lived here6. It wasnot before过 不了多长时间某动作发生了例It was not long before they arrived.四、 It作形式宾语用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

33、It作形式宾语的常见句型：1. verb+ it+ adj./noun for/of to do/clause verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep 例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that youll do thetask on your own.2. verb+it+adj./noun ones doing adj.=useless/worth/worthwhilenoun=no use/no good/wo

34、rth ones while/a waste of time/money/energy/words verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep 例 Ill make it worth your while telling me about his secret.3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that should verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that

35、should verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep 例I think it important that you should attendthe conference.4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause verb=accept, regard, take, see, view例The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.5. v. +it + prep. + that o

36、we it to sb. that 把归功于 leave it to sb that把留给某人去做take it for granted that想当然keep it in mind that例Dont bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.6. It 用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面,特殊是表示好恶的动词后,enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to宾语从句紧跟it 之后可编辑资料 - -

37、- 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结例I hate ityou can swim so well and I cant.7. It 用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面,宾语从句紧跟it 之后（ except that 例外） 例Im for it that you will follow their advice.五、强调句型Itis/was+ 被强调部分 + thatwho 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who 。在使用强调句型时需留意以下几点：1. 请留意强调句型的特殊疑问句例When was it that he changed his mind to ta

38、ke part in the activity？2. 在强调缘由状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句 例It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school yesterday.3. 在强调 not until 结构时必需把 not 与 until 一起放到被强调的位置上例It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.4. 留意强调句型与定语从句的区分例It was at 7 oclock that he ca

39、me here yesterday. 强调句型 It was 7 oclock when he came here yesterday. 定语从句 六、 It常用的固定搭配1. make it(1). 在口语当中相当于succeed,表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、准时到达例Its hard to make it to the top in show business.(2). 在口语中相当于 fix the date for, 表示“商定好时间” 例 Shall we meet next week. OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. as it is(1

40、). 相当于 in fact, in reality表示“事实上,实际情形是”例We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably wont finish it until next week.(2). 相当于方式状语从句,表示“照原样” 例Leave the table as it is.3. as it were相当于 as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是说,可以说,换句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结话说”例He is, as it were, a m

41、odern Sherlock Holmes.4. if it werent for /if it hadnt been for 用来引导虚拟语气, 相当于 without, or but for,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结表示“假如不是,要不是”例If it werent for Tom, I wouldnt be alive today.5. thats it1.相当于 Thats all. Thats so much.表示“至此为止,没有别的了” 例You can have one more sweet, and thats it.2. 相当于 Thats right

42、. 表示“对啦”例 I guess the key to the problem is thechoice“ A ” Thats it.6. catch it在口语中,相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong.表示“因做错事而挨骂,受批判,受批判,受惩处”例Well really catch it form our teacher if were late for class again.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结明是”7. have it(1). 相当于 say, insist

43、 表示“说,主见,说明,硬说” 例Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.(2). 相当于 get to know something, 表示“明白,知道,获悉” 例I had it from John that she was going abroad.8. have what it takes 在口语中,相当于be well qualified for,表示“具有成功的条件” 例You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.9. so it

44、 seems / appears.10. Keep at it. Dont give up.相当于 go on,表示“连续做,不舍弃” 例My teacher asked me to keep at it.11. Go it. Go on.拼命干 , 莽撞12. Now you have done it. You have done sth. wrong.13. Now youll catch it. Youll be punished.14. As it happened, 在口语中, 相当于 its a pity that , 表示“真不凑巧, 真遗憾” 例As it happened, they were out.15. As it turned out, 在口语中, 相当于 it was found to be in the end,表示“最终被证例As it turned out, his statement was false.16. Such as it isthey are在口语中,相当于although it may not be worth much,表示可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结“虽然没有多大价值”例You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is.17.