论（傲慢与偏见）婚姻价值取向.docx

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1、论（傲慢与偏见）婚姻价值取向论（傲慢与偏见）婚姻价值取向摘要简奥斯丁的（傲慢与偏见）写于1813年，一直以来很受欢迎，并被广泛浏览。特定的历史时代决定了那个时候的人们对金钱十分看重，影响波及婚姻观念。在这篇文章里面，书中大部分人物的婚姻选择都用来作为典型，证明金钱体现他们的婚姻价值取向。关键词傲慢与偏见，金钱，婚姻价值取向，婚姻观AbstractPrideandprejudiceisaverypopularnovelwrittenbyJaneAustenanditisreadwidelyallovertheworld.Itwaswrittenin1813.Thatspecifichistory

2、timedecidedthatpeopleatthattimetookmoneymuchmoreseriously,evenontheirmarriage.Inthispaper,themarriagecasesofmostcharactersinthebookweretakenastypicaltoanalyzehowmoneyinfluencedtheirmatrimonialvalueorientation.KeywordsPrideandprejudice,money,matrimonialvalueorientation,marriageIntroductionPrideandPre

3、judiceisthemostenduringlypopularnovelwrittenbyJaneAusten.Ittalksabouttrivialmattersoflove,marriageandfamilylifebetweencountrysquiresandfairladiesinBritaininthe18thcentury.Theplotisverysimple.Thatishowtheyoungladieschoosetheirhusbands.SomeonesaidthatElizabethBennet,theprotagonistofthenovel,flatlyreje

4、ctedWilliamCollinsproposal,whoistheheirofherfatherspropertyandmanor,andrefusedthefirstproposalfromtheextremelywealthynoblemanFitzwilliamDarcylater,(1)allthismakesitclearthatElizabethseeksnofamenorfortune,butself-improvementandhighmentaloutlook.(1)Itsright.FromtheviewpointofAusten,Elizabethsmarriage,

5、whofinallymarriesDarcy,aswellasJane-Bingleys,composingmoneyandlove,istheidealmarriagepeopleshouldafter.Butinothermarriagecasesinthisnovel,wecanseethatifmoneyandlovecantbeheldtogetherinonemarriage,lovewouldalwaysmakeaconcessiontomoneybecauseofthespecialsocialbackground.Afterreadingthroughthewholebook

6、,wewillfindthatmoneyactsasthecauseofeachplotandtheclueofitsdevelopment.Itaffectseverybodyswordsanddeeds,evenElizabethBennet.TonyTanneroncesaid,JaneAusten,aswellasotherauthors,isveryclearthatnofeelingcouldbeextremelypureandnomotivecouldbedefinitelysingle.Butaslongasitispossible,weshouldmakeitcleartha

7、twhichfeelingormotiveplaystheleadingrole.(2)SocialBackgroundThestoryofPrideandPrejudicetookplaceinthetimeoftheRegencyinBritain.Atthattime,BritainwasattheperiodoftransitionfromtheearlierstageofCapitalismtoCapitalistIndustrialization.Inthecountryside,thearistocraticfamilystillheldgreatpowerandrighttha

8、tcountrysquireswerelikelytofawnuponthem.However,asthedevelopmentofCapitalismandtheexpandoftherankofrichpeople,thedistinctionbetweensocialstratawasbecomingsmallerandsmaller,whilemoneywasgettingmoreandmoreimportantinpeoplesmindaboutsocialvalue.AwesternliteraturecriticoncesaidthatevenDavidRicardo(aBrit

9、isheconomist)hadaunlikelyclearerunderstandingaboutthefunctionofmoneyindailylifeasJaneAustenhad.(3)Itisexactlybecauseofthesecurepledgeinfinancethatthecountrysquiresocietycouldbeexistingstronglyandsolidly.Thefirstsentenceofthewholenovelproclaims,Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninposses

10、sionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.(4)Here,agoodfortuneandinwantofaretwokeyphrases.inwantofmeansitisneededobjectively,butnotsubjectively.Suchkindofwordingmakesthepropositionhavemoreobjectivityoftruth.InPrideandPrejudice,theBennetsaretakenasthetypicaltotestthetruthuniversallyacknowledged.Mr.andMrs

11、.Bennethavefivedaughters,livingatLongbourn.Mr.Bennetspropertyconsistsalmostentirelyinanestateoftwothousandpoundsayear,which,unfortunatelyforhisdaughters,isentailed,indefaultofheirsmale,onadistantrelation.Thatmeanstherewillbenootherguaranteefortheirdaughtersfuturelives,buttheirperspectivemarriages.Th

12、erefore,itisnowonderthatMrs.BennettakesMr.Bingleyastherightfulproperty(5)fortheirdaughterswhenshehearsaboutthathehasonehundredthousandpoundsproperty,thoughshehasnotevenseenhimAsinglemanoflargefortune;fourorfivethousandayear.Whatafinethingforourgirls!(6)Thatisthebeginningofthenovel.Theimplicitmarriag

13、ementionedhereobviouslyconcernsnofeelingbutonlyfinancialconditionandsubsistence.Tothosehusband-huntingladies,Mr.Bingleyisanabstractsignal.Themostimportantthingisthathehasagoodfortune.Sowecansay,tooppositewiththeproclamationatthebeginning,so-calledasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawi

14、feisnotatallatruthuniversallyacknowledged,butonlyMrs.Bennetsownwishfulthinking.Wecanalsosaythat,asZhuHongpointedout,inPrideandprejudice,therealtruthuniversallyacknowledgedisawomanwithoutpropertymustbeinwantofahusbandwithagoodfortune.(7)WefirstseeMr.Darcyattheball,Hesoondrewtheattentionoftheroombyhis

15、fine,tallperson,handsomefeatures,noblemien,andthereportwhichwasingeneralcirculationwithinfiveminutesafterhisentrance,ofhishavingtenthousanda-year.(8)NextistheintroductionaboutMr.Bingleyandhistwosisters.Theywereinfactveryfineladies;notdeficientingoodhumorwhentheypleased,norinpowerofbeingagreeablewhen

16、theychoseit,butproudandconceited.Theywereveryhandsome,hadbeeneducatedinoneofthefirstprivateseminariesintown,hadafortuneoftwentythousandpounds,wereinthehabitofspendingmorethantheyought,andofassociatingwithpeopleofrank,andwerethereforeineveryrespectentitledtothinkwellofthemselves,andmeanlyofothers.The

17、ywereofarespectablefamilythenorthofEngland;acircumstancesmoredeeplyimpressedontheirmemoriesthanthattheirbrothersfortuneandtheirownhadbeenacquiredbytrade.Mr.Bingleyinheritedpropertytotheamountofnearlyanhundredthousandpoundsfromhisfather,whohadintendedtopurchaseanestate,butdidnotlivetoit.Mr.Bingleyint

18、endeditlikewise,andsometimesmadechoiceofhiscounty;butashewasnowprovidedwithagoodhouseandthelibertyofamanor,itwasdoubtfultomanyofthosewhobestknewtheeasinessofhistemper,whetherhemightnotspendtheremainderofhisdaysatNetherfield,andleavethenextgenerationtopurchase.(9)ThenarrationabovedescribestheBritishc

19、ountrysquireslife-picturefromoneaspect.Theyhaveenoughmoneyforloafing,andtheseloaferscanaffordbigorsmallresidencewithservantsfororderingabout.Theytakefamilybackgroundseriously,whichisthemostimportantfactortoearnothersrespect,onthebasisoffortuneandgood-breeding.Atthesametime,theywillnottracetoitssourc

20、es.Inshort,theredoesexiststricthierarchy,whichisclassifiedaccordingtothefamilyandtraditionfromthesurface,butthefinancialincomeactually.Thosewhohavethehighestincomewillbeinthehighestsocialposition,owninglargeresidenceandparks,havingthenicestfurnitureandthemostpreciouspaintings,andthebeststreamsforfis

21、hing.Themoneyearnedbytradingisdespised,butitwillbesoonforgottenaftergenerations.However,toavoidbeinglookeddownupon,thegenerationatpresentwillalwaysemploysuchkindofclevermethod:givingupbusinessdealingorprofessionandgoingtocountrysidetosettledownthennobodywillknowtheirpast.FromaneighboroftheBennets,we

22、cangettoknowhowsuchsocialprocessbegins:SirWilliamLucashadbeenformerlyintradeinMeryton,wherehehadmadeatolerablefortune,andrisentothehonorofknighthoodbyanaddresstotheking,duringhismayoralty.Thedistinctionhadperhapsbeenfelttoostrongly.Ithadgivenhimadisgusttohisbusiness,andtohisresidenceinasmallmarketto

23、wn;and,quittingthemboth,hehadremovedwithhisfamilytoahouseaboutamilefromMeryton,denominatedfromtheperiodLucasLodge,wherehecouldthinkwithpleasureofhisownimportance,andunshackledbybusiness,occupyhimselfsolelyinbeingciviltoalltheworld.(10)Thenwhatattitudedoestheserichcountrysquiresholdtothelow-classpeop

24、lesurroundingthem?LetslookatanotherparagraphofdescriptionaboutLadyCatherinedeBourgh:Elizabethsoonperceived,thatthoughthisgreatladywasnotinthecommissionofthepeaceforthecounty,shewasamostactivemagistrateinherownparish,theminutestconcernsofwhichwerecarriedtoherbyMr.Collins;andwheneveranyofthecottagersw

25、eredisposedtobequarrelsome,discontented,ortoopoor,shesalliedforthintothevillagetosettletheirdifferences,silencetheircomplaints,andscoldthemintoharmonyandplenty.(11)LadyCatherinedeBourghisamodelofherrank,arrogantandconceited.Hermannerstotheinferiorsaredictatorialandinsolent.Shehasthereputationofbeing

26、remarkablysensibleandclever.Butallthis,togetherwithherabilityofadministratingthecounty,derivesfromherrankandfortune.Thatistosay,goodfameandexceedingpowerwouldcertainlycometoapersonaslongashe/shehasmoneyandisinhighsocialposition.ThegreatimpactofmoneyonmarriageInPrideandPrejudice,wecanalwaysseecountry

27、squiresleisurelylifewithcalls,walks,picnics,conversations,parties,ballsandmarriages.Butseeingthroughthesurface,thereisaworldofstrugglingforexistencedeterminedbyeconomicbase.Thewholebookisfilledwithdigit.Mr.Bennetspropertyconsistsalmostentirelyinanestateoftwothousandpoundsayear.Mrs.Bennetsfather.leav

28、esherfourthousandpounds.Eachoftheirfivedaughterscangetonethousandpoundsinthe4percentsaftertheirmotherdies.Mr.Bingleyinheritspropertytotheamountofnearlyanhundredthousandspoundsfromhisfatherandhehasfourorfivethousandayear.MissBingleyhasafortuneoftwentythousandpounds.Mr.Darcyhastenthousandpoundsayearwh

29、ilehissister,Georgianahasapropertyofthirtythousandpounds.WickhamwantstogettenthousandfromDarcy,otherwisehewillnotmarryLydiaeventhoughtheyareinelopement.ColonelFitzwilliam,Darcyscousin,wouldliketomarryawomanwhoshouldhaveapropertyofatleastfiftythousandpounds,sincehehasnoinheritanceasayoungersonofanear

30、l.Mr.Collinsclaimsthathemustmakesuchanagreementfortithesasmaybebeneficialtohimselfandnotoffensivetohispatron.Eventhechimney-pieceinoneofLadyCatherinesdrawingroomscostseighthundredpounds.Ofcourse,theveryonethingthatcannotbeforgottentomentionisthattheestateentailofMr.Bennet,whichmakesMrs.Bennetbeextre

31、meobsession.AnditistheexactthingthatdecidesthefateoftheirfivedaughtersandthenthestoryofPrideandprejudiceoccurs.Uponthewhole,nomarriagethatinvolvesnomoney.Exceptthedetaileddigitofmoney,thereisanotherfactorwhichhasagreatinfluenceonmarriage.Thatissocialpositiondeterminedbyeconomiccondition.Inthestory,t

32、heBennetshavesomelowconnections.Theyhaveoneuncle,Mr.Phillips,beinganattorneyinMeryton,andanotherone,Mr.Gardiner,settlinginLondoninarespectablelineoftrade.Asforthis,MissBingleyalwaysmakesfunoftheBennets,andMr.Darcyoncesaysfranklythatitmustverymateriallylessentheirchanceofmarryingmenofanyconsideration

33、intheworld.(12)Tomakeitclearthatmoneyisveryimportantinthemarriageconventionofsuchkindofsociety,Mr.CollinswordsafterElizabethrefusinghisproposalcanbetakenasproof.Itdoesnotappeartomethatmyhandisunworthyyouracceptance,orthatestablishmentIcanofferwouldbeanyotherthanhighlydesirable.Mysituationinlife,myco

34、nnectionswiththefamilyofdeBourgh,andmyrelationshiptoyourown,arecircumstanceshighlyinmyfavor;andyoushouldtakeitintofurtherconsideration,thatinspiteofyourmanifoldattractions,itisbynomeanscertainthatanotheroffertomarriagemayeverbemadeyou,yourportionisunhappilysosmall,thatitwillinalllikelihoodundotheeff

35、ectsofyourlovelinessandamiablequalifications.(13)Mr.Collinsisnotasensibleman,andthedeficiencyofNaturehasbeenbutlittleassistedbyeducationorsociety.Thesubjectioninwhichhisfatherbroughthimuphasgivenhimoriginallygreathumilityofmanner;butitisagreatdealcounteractedbytheself-conceitofaweakhead,livinginreti

36、rement,andtheconsequentfeelingsofearlyandunexpectedprosperity.TherespectwhichhefeelsforLadyCatherineshighrank,andhisvenerationforherashispatroness,minglingwithaverygoodopinionofhimself,ofhisauthorityasaclergyman,andhisrightasarector,makeshimaltogetheramixtureofprideandobsequiousness,self-importancea

37、ndhumility.HisintentionofchoosingElizabethashiswifeishisplanofamends-ofatonementforinheritingtheirfathersestate;andhethinksitanexcellentone,fullofeligibilityandsuitableness,andexcessivelygenerousanddisinterestedonhisownpart.SohetakesitforgrantedthatElizabethwillaccepthisproposalcheerfullyandreadily.

38、ThoughElizabethrejectshimforhisincompletecharacter,itstillcantellusthelowsocial-statusoftheBritishwomenatthatperiodoftime.Theonlythingayoungladywithoutpropertycoulddoistomarryingamanwithagoodfortune.TakethemarriagecaseofLucas-Collinsforanotherexample.MissLucasisElizabethsclosestfriend.Sheisasensible

39、,intelligentyoungwoman,knowingitveryclearlythatMr.Collins,tobesure,wasneithersensiblenoragreeable;hissocietywasirksome,andhisattachmenttohermustbeimaginary.Butstillhewouldbeherhusband.Withoutthinkinghighlyeitherofmenorofmatrimony,marriagehadalwaysbeenherobject;itwastheonlyhonorableprovisionforwell-e

40、ducatedyoungwomenofsmallfortune,andhoweveruncertainofgivinghappiness,mustbetheirpleasantestpreservativefromwant.(14)SuchhumorousandpiercingdescriptionportraysthementalityofLucas-likewomendeeplyandalsotheirfatethatthereisnootherwaythatcanimprovetheirownpositioninfinanceandsocietyexceptmarryingahusban

41、dwithagoodfortune.ElizabethgoestoParsonagetovisitthembytheinvitationofMissLucasaftertheygettingmarried,andfinds:Herhomeandherhousekeeping,herparishandherpoultry,andalltheirdependentconcerns,hadnotyetlosttheircharms.(15)WhenMr.Collinscouldbeforgotten,therewasreallyagreatairofcomfortthroughout(16)Itis

42、interestingthat,insuchmarriagebasedonsoleandnakedmoney-transaction,thewomanwithoutpropertydoesmarryasinglemanwithagoodfortune,butthehusbandhimselfhasnothingtodowiththeenjoymentthemarriagebringingtoher.Isnotitanexcellentironytothepropositionatthebeginningofthenovelthetruthuniversallyacknowledged?Wick

43、ham-LydiaScandalcanbetakenasanotherinstancetoillustratethatmoneyisofoverwhelmingimportanceinmarriage.Wickhamisveryhandsomeandcharmingfromhisappearance,butactuallydemoralizes.Heisextravagantandalwaysgreatlyindebtsofhonor.Lydia,farmoredifferentfromhertwoeldersisters,isvain,ignorant,idleandabsolutelyun

44、controlled.Moreover,sheindulgesherselfinflirtationwithofficers.TheyelopefromBrightonwithoutanyengagementandarefoundoutinLondonfinally.Thoughundersuchcircumstances,WickhamhasnointentionatalltomarryLydia,butforDarcyshelpinsecret:Mr.Darcyaskedhimwhyhehadnotmarriedyoursisteratonce?ThoughMr.Bennetwasnoti

45、maginedtobeveryrich,hewouldhavebeenabletodosomethingforhim,andhissituationmusthavebeenbenefitedbymarriage.Buthefound,inreplytothisquestion,thatWickhamstillcherishthehopeofmoreeffectuallymakinghisfortunebymarriageinsomeothercounty.Undersuchcircumstances,however,hewasnotlikelytobeproofagainstthetempta

46、tionofimmediaterelief.Theymetseveraltimes,fortherewasmuchtobediscussed.Wickham,ofcourse,wantedmorethanhecouldget,butatlengthwasreducedtobereasonable.(17)WickhamsmarryingLydiafinallycalmsdownthedissatisfactioninthesociety,andforthat,Mrs.Bennetisingreatjoy.Inmarriage,moneyisconsideredasthefactorofextr

47、emeimportance,notonlytodaughters,butalsotoyoungersons.LetshaveacloselookattheconversationbetweentherespectableColonelFitzwilliamandElizabeth:Now,seriously,whathaveyoueverknownofself-denialanddependence?Whenhaveyoubeenpreventedbywantofmoneyfromgoingwhereveryouchose,orprocuringanythingyouhadafancyfor?

48、ThesearehomequestionsandperhapsIcannotsaythatIhaveexperiencedmanyhardshipsofthatnature.Butinmattersofgreaterweight,Imaysufferfromthewantofmoney.Youngersonscannotmarrywheretheylike.Unlesswheretheylikewomenoffortune,whichIthinktheyveryoftendo.Ourhabitsofexpensemakeustoodependent,andtherearenotmanyinmy

49、rankoflifewhocanaffordtomarrywithoutsomeattentiontomoney.(18)Nowletsturntotheprotagonistofthenovel,ElizabethBennets.Sheisintelligent,vivacious,humorous,perceptiveandquick-witted,andshehasastrongsenseofpersonalityanddignity.Shedespiseshermothersdreadfulmentalityandunbearablyvulgarandalsoheryoungersistersflirtatiousnessanddissoluteness,butisneverashamedofheramiableuncleandaunt,Mr.andMrs.Gardinerjustbecauseoftheirprofessionasmerchants.ShefirmlyrefusesMr.Collinsproposal,againsthermothersexpectation,becauseshedoesnotandwillneverlovehim,anddeclinesMr.Darcyresolutely,forhisexpressing