医学英语词根词头.doc
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1、.-cardiac adj. 心脏的cardiomyopathy n. 心肌病cardiovascular adj. 心血管的cardiology n.心脏病学myocarditis n.心肌炎 electrocardiogram n. 心电图 人体部位 English Latin(拉丁语) Greek(希腊语) 静脉 vein veno- phlebo- 胸 chest pecto- thoraco- 腹 belly abdomino- ventro- 脊柱 backbone spino- spondylo- 脑 brain cerebro- encephalo- 头 head capito
2、- cephalo- 心 heart cordi- cardio- 手 hand mano-/manu- cheiro- 血管 vessel vaso- angio-1.adren/o: adrenal gland(肾上腺) adrenal -al, pertaining to, 肾上腺的 adrenaline -lin/line, substance,肾上腺素 adrenalitis -itis, inflammation,肾上腺素的2. ar: pertaining to 与有关的 vascular vascul/o, blood vessel. 血管的 cellular 细胞的 Mole
3、cular 分子的,由分子组成的3. bi/o: life 生命,生物Biomedical 生物化学的 biology -logy, the study of, 生物,生物学 bio physical 生物物理学4. chrom/o, chromomat: color 颜色 chromosomes -somes, bodies, 染色体 chromatin -in, substance, 核染色质5. crin/o: secrete 分泌 endocrinology 内分泌学 crinogenic gen/o+ic, pertaining to the production, 促分泌的 cri
4、nology 分泌学6. cyte: cell 细胞 erythrocyte erythr/o, red, 红细胞 leukocyte leuk/o, white, 白细胞lymphocyte lymph/o, lymph(淋巴) 淋巴细胞7. cyt/: cell 细胞 cytology 细胞学 cytochemistry 细胞化学 cytobiology 细胞生物学8. embry/o: embryo (胚胎) embryology 胚胎学 embryoma -oma, tumor 胚瘤 embryopathology 胚胎病理学 pathology, the study of disea
5、se, 病理学9.endo-: inner 内部的 endocrinology 内分泌学 endocardinal 心内膜的 endocellular 细胞内的10. hist/o: tissue 组织 histology 组织学 Histopathology 组织病理学 histotherapy 组织疗法hepat/o, liver 肝脏hepatitis, the inflammation of liver 肝炎 vs. endo/crino/logygastr/o, stomach 胃enter/o, intestine 肠gastr/o/enter/o/logy 肠胃病学(1).炎:
6、the inflammation of / -itishepatitis肝炎; hepat/o: liver 肝 arteritis动脉炎; arter/o: artery 动脉vasculitis血管炎; vascul/o: vas/o: vessel 血管nephritis肾炎; nephr/o: kidney 肾pancreatitis胰腺炎; pancreat/o: pancreas 胰腺ovaritis; oophoritis卵巢炎; pleuritis胸膜炎; pleur/o:pleura 胸膜(2) .术 operation of.缝合术:-orraphy aneurysmorr
7、aphy (suture) ;动脉瘤缝术 aneurysm:动脉瘤切除术: ectomy: removal pharyngectomy咽切除 appendectomy: 阑尾切除术 append/o: appendic/o: appendix阑尾固定术: -pexy: fixingrectopexy直肠固定术 rect/o: rectum 直肌3)方位/时间方面的词缀上: upper/superior; epi-; supra-epithelium上皮组织;下:lower/inferior; infra-; sub- subcutaneous 皮下的; cutane/o: skin前:fron
8、t/anterior/prior/ fore-; ante-; pre-; antero- forehead前额; anteroposterior前后的 precirrhosis前期肝硬化;cirrh/o:orange硬变后:back/posterior/ post-; retro- postheptical肝后的; heptic/o: liver;retrocardiac心后的;cardi/o:heart内:inner/internal/ in-; endo-; ento-; entro-; intro-; inhale, inhalation吸入 endoscopy内窥镜检; -scopy
9、:visual exam外:outer/external/ex-; exo-; ultra-; extra-; extract抽出; exhale呼出 excretion排泄物; exocardial心外的间:inter-; between; intermuscular肌肉间的;常见药物词缀:-cillin 青霉素类药物阿莫西林(羟氨苄青霉素) amoxicillin 片剂、胶囊剂 氨苄西林钠(氨苄青霉素) ampicillin sodium 注射剂 羧苄青霉素钠carbencillin 双氯青霉素 dicloxacillinCef-头孢类药物 头孢氨苄 cefalexin头孢羟氨苄 cefa
10、droxil 头孢克洛 Cefaclor头孢吡肟 Cefepime头孢丙烯 Cefprozil头孢拉定 cephradine1. a-, an- not/without asymptomatic anemia(-emia, blood) amorphous2. ana- apart 分离 anatomy analysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown) analyst (-yst=ist, specialist)3. angio- vessels 血管 angiogram (-gram, record) angioplasty (-plasty, surgical r
11、epair) angitis (-itis, inflammation)4. anti- against反对 antibody (body, substance) antigen (a substance, )5. -ary pertaining to pulmonary (pulm/o, the lungs) urinary (urin/o, urine)6. de- lack of/down/loss deficiency degeneration deoxyribonucleic7.dia- complete, cross through diagnosis (gnos/o, knowl
12、ege) dialysis diameter (-meter, instrument of measurement)8. electr/o electricity 电 electrocardiograph (-graph, an instrument of recording) electromyogram (my/o, muscle; -gram, record) electroencephalogram (encephal/o, brain)9. en- in, within endemic (dem/o, people), enclose engulf10. gnos/o knowled
13、ge agnostic Prognosis常见的医学英语词缀(1) 痛 headache, stomachache .the pain of ; ache, -algia; -agra; -dynianeuralgia神经痛; neur/o: nerve(神经);gastralgia胃痛 ; gastr/o: gaster, stomach(胃)arthralgia关节痛; arthr/o: joint(关节)abdominalgia腹痛; abdomin/o: abdomen(腹部)(2).与检查有关的词缀 镜检:-scopy镜检法; -scope镜;gastroscopy 胃镜法;量具:-
14、meter: instrument for measuring(测量仪);cardiometer心力计;thermometer温度计 心电图: electrocardiogram =ECG; ( electrocardiograph心电图仪) 脑电图: electroencephalogram=EEGB超:type B ultrasonic CT:computerized tomography计算机x射线断层 尿检:urine analysis 血常规:blood routine(3)其他词缀 怕, 畏惧 phobia: fear;photophobia畏光 , phot/o:light困难
15、dys-: bad, difficulty dysfunction功能障碍; dyspepsia消化不良 dyspnea 呼吸困难, -pnea:breathing 不良 mal-: bad malnutrition营养不良; malpractice事故 malfunction机能障;malignant恶性的;maladministration管理不善好, 正, eu-: good;eugenic优生的adj. eugenics优生学; gen/o: producing(生产) euthanasia安乐死; -thanasia: death(死)瘤,肿块 oma: tumor; cancer;
16、 swelling lymphoma淋巴瘤; hematoma血肿血症 emia: blood condition leukemia白血病; septicemia败血症高:hyper- :high,above; hyperdynamia: 肌力过度; (dynam/o: power, force: dynamic adj.) hypertension高血压( high blood pressure)低:hypo-; low; below hypotonia 张力/压力过低 hypotension (low blood pressure)低血压 hyposensitive adj. 弱敏的疗法:
17、-therapy radiotherapy放疗; radiotherapist(放疗专家) chemotherapy化疗 physiotherapy理疗 psychotherapy心理疗法 therapist治疗师无, 没有 a- an-: withoutatypical 非典型性的asexual无性的asymptomatic无症状的anemia贫血anorexia厌食症 orex/o: appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失: esthesi/o: feeling, perception )elasticity n.弹性,弹力feeble adj.虚弱的,衰弱的,无力的sag v
18、i. 松弛sensory adj. 感官的,感觉的,知觉的squeeze v. 挤;榨;捏stamina n. 精力;耐力,韧劲taut adj. 紧的,绷紧的Transitory adj. 短暂的,转瞬即逝的wreak vt. 施行(暴力);发(脾气);报仇wrinkled adj. 有皱纹的前缀 意思 例子 定义的例子olig/o few, scanty oligomenorrhea a scanty menstrual flow (men/o)经量异常pan- all panacea remedy that cures all ills; a cure-all治百病的药super-*ab
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