高级中学英语语法虚拟语气全情况总结.doc

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1、错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.if省略句在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study hard

2、er.Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山

3、去了。用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)如果你有100万元，你会做什么？We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadnt got your help)没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。Without your help, we couldnt have finished the wo

4、rk ahead of time.= But for your help, = If it had not been for your help, = Had it not been for you help, 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。含蓄条件句有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. (副词)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, o

5、r I would have known nothing about it. (连词)A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. (定语从句)I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly. (独立主格结构)even if, even though也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与if

6、 从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。虚拟语气(2)虚拟语气在名词从句中1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有: ask要求, advise, beg, suggest建议, command命令, demand要求，re

7、quest请求, insist, require要求, order下令, propose, advice, recommend, intend, prefer宁愿, permit, persuade, expect, decide决定, instruct, object, determine, urge, appoint等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the classroom. 老师建议我们不要离开教室。He insisted that she do it right now. 他坚持她马上就做。在It is/was +上

8、述动词的-ed形式+that从句中It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时My suggestion is that we (should) set out tomorrow morning. 我建议我们明早动身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off 在It is /was necessary, important等形容词+that从句中，常见的这类

9、形容词有:necessary, important, essential, vital, advisable, urgent, desirable, natural, strange, imperative等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你有必要参加会议。It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必须按时到达那儿。在It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that从句中It is a pity that you fail the exam

10、.It is no wonder he be late for class.虚拟语气(3)虚拟语气的其他用法在wish后面的宾语从句中对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时I wish I were a little younger.我希望我能够年轻一点。对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)或“would/could+现在完成时”I wish I had been there. 我真希望我当时在那里。I wish I had not attended that party. 我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形”I w

11、ish he could explain what he means.在if only感叹句中表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更强烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop. (对将来的虚拟)但愿雨能停。If only I were taller. (对现在的虚拟)我的个子要是能高一点就好了。If only I had followed your advice! (对过去的虚拟)要是我听从了你的建议就好了！在as if/as though引导的从句中表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，谓语用过去时I really dont l

12、ike the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好像是我爸爸。表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself. 他不停地和我们讲发生的事情，好像他当时在场一样。有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性It is becoming dark. It looks as if its going to rain. 天变黑了，似乎就要下雨

13、了。It seems as if he had been to America. 他好像去过美国。在would rather结构中would rather do sth. 表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆着。would rather have done sth. 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”She would rather not have gone to the pa

14、rty. 她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。would rather sb. Did 表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事” Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天就别来了，我希望你下周末过来。would rather sb. had done 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做” I would rather you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。在 It is (about, high) time+(that)从句中从

15、句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。It is high time that we began to work. 咱们应该开始干活了。练习题1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A. have read B. had readC. should have read D. are reading2.You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. come; would meetB. had com

16、e; would have metC. come; will meet D. had come; would meet3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would beC. have been D. had been4.It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spokeC. will speak D. to speak5.He looked as if he _ ill for a long

17、time.A. was B. wereC. has been D. had been6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _.A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hoursC. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours7.I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. could goC. hav

18、e goneD. could have gone8.Lets say you could go there again, how _ feel?A. will youB. should youC. would you D. do you9.I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything.A. knew B. knowsC. has known D. had known10._ the fog, we should have reached our school.A. Because of B. In spite ofC.

19、In case of D. But for11.If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport.A. would meet B. would had metC. would have met D. would have meet12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how.A. teaches B. will teachC. has taught D. would teach13.I would ha

20、ve told him the answer had it been possible, but I _ so busy then.A. had beenB. wereC. was D. would be14.Hes working hard for fear that he _.A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behind D. would fallen behind15.If it _ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.A. had rainedB.

21、 would have rainedC. have seen D. rained16.He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting.A. should B. wouldC. do D. had17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont goC. not go D. not to go18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time.A. h

22、ad had B. have hadC. had D. would have had19.Would you rather I _ buying a new bike?A. decided againstB. will decide againstC. have decided D. shall decide against20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _.A. go to sleep B. went to sleepC. go to bed D. went to bed21.Why didnt you buy a new car?

23、I would have bought one if I _ enough money.A. had B. have hadC. would have D. had had22.If she could sew, _.A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat23._ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leavingC. Were he t

24、o leave D. If he leaves24.His doctor suggested that he _ a short trip abroad.A. will takeB. would takeC. takeD. took25.The Bakers arrived last night. If theyd only let us know earlier,_ at the station.A. wed meet them B. well meet themC. wed have met them D. weve met them26.If I _ you, I _ more atte

25、ntion to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall pay B. am; will payC. would be; would pay D. were; would pay27.We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand.A. have not givenB. would not giveC. had not given D. did not give28.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year.

26、A. has B. hadC. have D. will have29.It is strange that he _ so.A. would say B. would speakC. should sayD. will speak30.Had I known her name, _A. or does she know mine?B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if

27、 he _ all about that.A. know B. knowsC. known D. knew32.If I _ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.A. possessed B. ownedC. had D. had had33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _ to the meeting.A. would come B. cameC. would have comeD. will come34.The librarian insists that John _

28、no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.A. will take B. tookC. takeD. takes35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _ so early.A. didnt leave B. hadnt leftC. havent left D. couldnt leave36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _ no time.A. had B. did

29、nt haveC. had had D. have37.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. hadnt B. didnt have hadC. hadnt had D. hadnt have38.He insisted that we all _ in his office at one oclock.A. be B. to beC. would be D. shall be39.Helen couldnt go to France af

30、ter all. Thats too bad. Im sure she would have enjoyed it if _.A. shes gone B. shell goC. shed gone D. shed go40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _ an hour before the discussion begins.A. go B. shall goC. will go D. would go1. I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont w

31、orry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.北:A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not（北京24 ）2. - Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?- I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. (福建25)A. will B. must C. may D. can3. -No one _ be compare

32、d with Yao Ming in playing basketball. -Oh, you are really his big fan. (湖南 28)A. can B. need C. must D. might4. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. (辽宁 21)A. can B. may C. must D. will5. If you smoke, please go outside. (全国卷 8) A. can B. should C. must D. may 6.- Will you read me a

33、story ,Mummy? - OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. ( 陕西 24)A. might B. must C. could D. shall7. - Hows your new babysitter? - We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. (浙江 11) A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt8. - Why didnt you come to Simons party last ni

34、ght?- I want to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.A. could B. might C. would D. should (重庆 25)9. The police still have I found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A. can B. may C. must D. should (四川 20)10. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (新课标 32

35、)A. will B. can C. must D. should11. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they always late. （北京28）A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been12. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would

36、 study C. had studied D. was studying (北京30)13. - Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.- I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (福建34)A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended14. - I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a rail

37、way official.- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it. (江苏34)A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen15. I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. ( 陕西 22) A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone16. I _ so

38、oner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. (天津15)A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come15 BBDAD 610 DDCAD 1115 CDCAA1620 ACAAD2125 DBCCC 2630 DCCCD 3135 DDCCB 3640 DCACD解析：1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。4.It is im

39、portant that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。6.lain是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。7.could have done表示“本来可以”。8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。10.but for表示“要不是的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。14.for fear that后面的状语从句用s

40、b. should do的形式。15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if

41、去掉，助动词提前。24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。28.require后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。32.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。40.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。