必修一module5知识点.doc

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1、姓名 班级 必修一Module 5 导学案 编写人：耿雪飞词汇部分：1. Water exsits as a solid, a liquid and a gas.exist vi. 存在；生存(不用于进行时)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 产生； 出现e.g. 盐存在于很多东西里。Salt exists in many things.没有空气我们无法生存。We cant exist without air. 我们知道世界是何时产生的吗？Do you know when this world came into existence?2. When yo

2、u heat a metal, it expands. heat n. 热量；热度，激动vt. /vi. 加热，使变热（常和up连用）heated adj. 热烈的，激烈的; 愤怒的e.g. 进去之前先测一下水温。Test the heat of the water before getting in. “不，我不会的。”他说，声音里带着怒气。“No, I wont,” he said with heat in his voice. 她把汤加热了一下。She heated up the soup. 激烈的争论a heated argumentexpand vt./vi. 膨胀，扩大；展开气球充

3、气会膨胀。e.g. 气球充满了空气会膨胀。A balloon expands as it is filled with air.expand into 扩大成为他的公司因盲目扩大陷入困境。His copmpany expanded into a bog one.expand on 补充,阐述他进一步阐述了他的新理论。He expaned on his new theory.3. When you heat a metal, it contracts. contract vt./vi. 收缩；签订合同 n. 合同；契约e.g. 金属热胀冷缩。Metals expand when they are

4、 heated and contract when cooled.签定合同sign a contract订立合同make a contract 草拟合同draw up a contract 4. Steel is a mixture of iron and other substances. mixture n.混合物e.g. 空气是一种混合物。Air is a mixture. mix v. 混合，相融合，相处，交往e.g. 水和油互不相溶。Oil and water will not mix.拓展：be mixed up in sth. 与有牵连beget mixed up with sb

5、. 与某人来往Eg. 我不想和他往来。I dont want to be mixed up with him.substance n. c 物质水合冰是不同状态的同一种物质. Water and ice are the same substance in different forms.化学物质A chemical substanceu本质,实质 ,内容Eg.他一直在探讨宗教的实质。He has been considering the substance of religion. 他的论文缺乏内容。His paper lacks substance.5. addto 把加到 add to 增

6、加，增添 add up 把加起来 add up to 总共是，总计为6. put in order 把有序排列，使整齐7. ordinary adj.普通的，平常的 n.常事，惯例易混辨异ordinary/common/usual/normal（1）ordinary普通的，平常的，平凡的，强调等级和类属方面普通，指人时，该词 指既不显赫也不低贱，指物时指品质或质地水平一般，有：“平庸无奇”之意（2）common普通的，常见的，强调经常发生，司空见惯，不显赫或不特别，可修饰人或物，也可指共同的，共存的（3）usual通常的，惯常的，惯例的，强调依照惯例来判断，有“遵循常规”之意（4）normal

7、正常的，合乎标准的，强调在正常情况下应有的8. keep.out of防止.进入，不让.靠近 keep （sb）away（from sth）使（某人）离开（某物） keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep back阻止，抑制 keep sth in mind记住（某事物） keep in touch with与.保持联系 keep（on）doing sth继续做某事 keep off远离，避开 keep up保持，维持 keep up with跟上 keep to支持，保持，不离开语法部分： A1.基数词的读法：A. 先说“几十”， 再说“几”，中间用连字符。如：2

8、3twenty-three 89eighty-nineB. 先说“几百”， 再加and,再加末两位数（或末位数）。如：223two hundred and twenty-three416four hundred and sixteen809eight hundred and nineC. 1000以上的数先从后向前数，每三位数加一“,”（千分位）；第一个“,”号前为thousand; 第二个“,”号前为million; 第三个“,”号前为billion。如：1,001one thousand and one4,000four thousand9,743nine thousand, seven

9、hundred and forty-three174,301a (one) hundred and seventy-four thousand, three hundred and one750,000,000seven hundred and fifty million2.序数词的读法序数词一般以与之相应的基数词加词尾-th构成，如：tenth（第十），但下面这些基数词在变序数词时， 有特别的地方。如：A. one first two second three third five fifth eight eighth nineninthtwelvetwelfthB. 以-ty结尾的词，要先

10、变-y为-i，再加-eth。如：twentytwentieth fortyfortiethC. 以one, two, three, five, nine收尾的多位数词，要照第一条方法变。如：twenty-one twenty-firsttwenty-two twenty-secondthirty-five thirty-fifthninety-nineninety-nintha hundred and fifty-three a hundred and fifty-third3.分数词的读法基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母，除了分子是“1”的情况外，序数词要用复数。如： one-fourth 2

11、/3 two-thirds 7/9 seven-ninths 5/12 five-twelfths一些特殊的表达法a / one halfa / one quarterthree quarters4.小数的读法7.8seven point eight0.4zero point four0.03zero point zero three0.125zero point one two five14.397fourteen point three nine seven5百分数的读法27% twenty-seven percent 45% forty-five percent 86% eighty-s

12、ix percentB倍数表达方式 倍数+as +形容词+as e.g. The house is twice as large as that one. 倍数+形容词的比较级+than This house is twice larger than that one. 倍数+ the size (length, width, height, depth) ofThis house is twice the size of that one.三个句子都译为“这个房子是那个房子的两个大。”C形容词和副词的比较等级的基本用法1.原级比较：as+原级+as 和一样 否定形式为：not as/so+原

13、级+asEg：This picture is as beautiful as that one. I am not so/as tall as you.2.比较级：比较级形式+than. Yao Ming is taller than Michael Jordan.3 形容词和副词的比较级的特殊用法1) the +比较级 ，the+比较级. 表示：越，越.The more we get together，the happier we will be.2）比较级+and+比较级 表示 “越来越.” It becomes colder and colder when winter comes.3)

14、 more B than A 与其说A不如说B He is more lazy than slow at his work.4）more than 不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all .5）no more than 与一样不不比多. no lessthan 与一样多，不比少 The officials could see no more than the emperor（皇帝）.6）no more than = only 仅仅，只有 not more than = at most 至多 no less than =as much/many as 至少7

15、）“否定词+比较级” 表示最高级含义 He has never spent a more worrying day .4.修饰比较级的词语1）a bit ,a little ,rather, much ,far, by far ,a lot ,a great deal ,any , still, even. 2) 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语3）以上词（除by far 外）， 必须置于形容词或副词比较级的前面。5 表示倍数的常见的句型1） times as +原级+as. The concert hall is four times as large as that one .2) .times +比较级+ than. My ruler is three times longer than yours .3) .times the + 性质名词+ of . The new teaching building is three times the size of the old one .注意：程度副词+形容词或副词的比较级。III