（整理版高中英语）高二英语寒假专题阅读理解题型及解题技巧（下篇）人教实验知.doc

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1、高二英语寒假专题阅读理解题型及解题技巧下篇人教实验版知识精讲【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假专题阅读理解题型及解题技巧下篇二. 教学目标： 1. 掌握阅读题中五大题型 2. 结合练习掌握解题技巧三. 教学重难点： 如何根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，采用不同的解题技巧 1. 细节理解 2. 猜想词义 3. 推理判断 4. 主旨大意 5. 观点态度三. 推理判断：这种题型属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。主要是检测考生能否通过文章的字面意思去领悟作者的言外之意的能力。它要求考生依据全篇内在逻辑关系进行符合逻辑的推理判断。 注意解题技巧： 1. 不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择有同义词解释的选项。 2.

2、 不选事实细节选项 3. 不选非事实选项 4. 选概括性/哲理性的选项 常见提问形式有： 1. It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that _ 2. The passage suggests/implies that _ 3. By the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author means _ 4. We can conclude that_. 5. When the writer talks about., what he really means is that_. 6

3、. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?Sample I When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked, “Are you single? “Why, ye

4、s. I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her? 1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 2. The waitr

5、ess said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much D CSample II Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is he

6、ated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. Th

7、e metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass. 1. Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard.B. To make it soft. C. To make

8、 it cool.D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation 3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated

9、 and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. D D C四. 主旨大意：加工与浓缩信息的能力 1. 标题类常见的题型： 1The best title/ headline for this passage might be_. 2The text (passage) could be entitled . 3What is t

10、he best title for the passage? 4Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 2. 大意类常见题型 1This passage chiefly deals with_. 2Whats the topic of the article? 3What is the subject discussed in the text? 4With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? 3. 目的主旨大意常见题型 1The author

11、s main purpose in writing the passage is_. 2The passage is meant to _. 3The purpose of this article is _. 4. 主题句呈现的形式 A. 文首：提出主题，随之用细节来解释，支撑或开展主题句所表达的主题思想。最常见的演绎法写作方式。Sample 1 The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important featur

12、es on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.Sample 2 Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too cro

13、wded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive. B. 文尾：在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。 Some students prefer a strict teacher who

14、 tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. C. 文中：通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或符合逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或开展。 Nothing is as useful a

15、s a flashlight in a dark night if a fire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the l

16、ight of the campfire has been out. D. 无主题句：即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句，必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with

17、 honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an

18、 excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. C五. 观点态度：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时的语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。假设你是作者，你为什么要写本文？此类考题的主要形式： 1. The writers purpose in writing this story is _ . 2. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to sho

19、w that _ . 注意：识别三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。 贬义：disgust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment 褒义：positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring 中立：indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent, neutral, apathetic, humor, disinterested, disinterestSample I One of

20、 the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored light

21、s all night. 根据文章中作者的用词来判断 The author appears _modern advertising. A. to likeB. to be indifferent to C. to dislikeD. to know how to deal withCSample II Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat,

22、 exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill. The writer uses the example of “ocelots to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to workD. an increasing number of animals are killed in

23、road accidentsD【模拟试题】答题时间：45分钟AIts not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars cant ：run on solar energyenergy from the suns light and head! Joshua Bechtold, 14,and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Verm

24、ont, worked many months to get Helios ready. They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology神话.The 4-year-old Tour de Sol encourages the use of “green, or environmen-tally friendly, cars to help reduce pollution and save energy. Its not a race. Cars are judged on fuel efficiency耗油量

25、rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the only one built by middle school students. A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along th

26、e road. “That was my favorite part, says Anna Browne,15. “We explained how the car runs. Due in part to old, inefficient batteries电池，Helios finished fourthout of fourin its kind, the sun-powered class. “We were there for the fun of it, Anna says, “Were proud of Helios, says Ariel Gleicher, 14. “Its

27、a car thats good for the environment. 1. What is special about the car Helios in the text? A. It was built by middle school students. B. It has an attractive design. C. It was made in 1971. D. It won the fourth prize. 2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race? A. 1B. 4C. 23D. 44 3. What wou

28、ld be the best title for the text? A. The Making of Helios. B. 1999 American Tour de Sol. C. Sun-powered Gars on the Road. D. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut. 4. The students felt proud of Helios because _. A. it could run as far as 350 miles B. it was favored by many children C. it had high-qualit

29、y batteries D. it was driven by clean energyB The other day, my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday party. The time printed on the invitation was 7：30 p.m. Jane went off with her husband, expecting a merry evening of wine, food, and song. By 9：45,everybody was having great fun, but no food ha

30、d appeared. Jane and David were restless. Other guests began whispering that they, too, were starving. But no one wanted to leave, just in case some food was about to appear. By 11：00, there was still no food, and everyone was completely off their heads. Jane and David left hungry and angry. Their e

31、xperience suggests that the words on the printed invitations need to be made clearer. Everyone reads and understands the invitations differently. Most of us would agree that 6：308：30 p.m. means drinks only, go out to dinner afterwards; 8：00 p.m. or 8：30 p.m. means possible dinner, but 9：30 p.m. and

32、any time thereafter means no food, eat beforehand, roll up late. But this is not always the case. If asked to a students party at 6：30 p.m., it is normal for guests not to appear before midnight, if at all, and no one cares. Being the first to arrivelooking eageris social death. When my mother asked

33、 to a party for 6：30, she likes to be there, if not on time, then no later than seven. My age group (late thirties)falls somewhere between the two, but because we still think were young. Were probably closer to student-time than grown-up time. The accepted custom at present is confusing混乱的，sometimes

34、 annoying, and it often means you may go home hungry, but it does lend every part that precious element成分of surprise. 1. The underlined words “off their heads probably mean_. A. tiredB. crazyC. curiousD. hopeless 2. Jane and Davids story is used to show that _. A. party-goers usually get hungry at p

35、arties B. party invitations can be confusing C. people should ask for food at parties D. birthday parties for middle-aged people are dull 3. For some young people, arriving on time for a students party will probably be considered _. A. very difficult B. particularly thoughtful C. friendly and polite

36、 D. socially unacceptable 4. According to the writer, people in their late thirties _. A. are likely to arrive late for a party B. care little about the party time C. havent really grown up yet D. like surprises at parties 5. What is the general idea of the text? _. A. Its safe to arrive late just w

37、hen food is served B. Its wise to eat something before going to a party C. Its important to follow social rules of party-going D. Its necessary to read invitations carefullyC Cannes will rock to the sound of a cancan dance this year when Moulin Rouge by the Australian director Baz Luhrmann opens the

38、 French film festival(电影节) in May. The musical stars Nicole Kidman as a singer, and John Leguizamo as the artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautree. It will be competing for the palme dOr, the festivals top prize. The festival runs to May 21. The American actor Tommy Lee Jones, 54, has married his longtime g

39、irlfriend, Dawn Maria Laurel, 36, in a private wedding in San Antonio. “It wasnt a big to-do, said Fred Biery, a U.S. District Judge who performed the service. He refused to discuss things further. “These are very private people, he said. Loretta Lynn is being treated for a very bad cold in Tennesse

40、e and will miss several appearances. The country singer, 65, was admitted to a hospital near her home in Hurricane Mills. “She is in good condition, but the doctors are watching her closely, a spokeswoman said. The French-Algerian singer Enrico Macias was named a United Nations peace messenger. Enri

41、co joins eight other people who act as goodwill envoys使者for the United Nations, among them are the writer Elie Wiesel and the basketball player Magie Johnson. 1. We can learn from the text that Henri de Toulouse-Lautree is _. A. a figure in a filmB. a dancer in a show C. a country singerD. a prize w

42、inner 2. We know from the text that _. A. Moulin Rouge won the top prize in a film festival B. Loretta Lynn is under the doctors care C. eight people serve as the UN goodwill enjoys D. Fred Biery was Tommy Lee Jones assistant 3. This text most probably appears in _. A. a book on film stars B. a film

43、 review in a magazine C. a newspaper D. a notice【试题答案】A 解析：1. A。从第一段“run on solar energy和第二段“Joshua Bechtold,14, and the other studentsworked many months to get Helios ready.可知本车利用太阳能，并且由学生制做。 2. B。从最后一段“Helios finished fourth-out of four-in its kind, the sun-powered class可知，四辆同类车参赛，Helios得第四名。 3. C

44、。全文讲述Helios这类太阳能车。本文不止讲Helios的制作，排除A。本文讲Helios参赛前后的事，不以赛事为主，排除B。环保汽车的使用不止在Connecticut, 排除D。 4. D。学生们对此车感到自豪是因为该车环保，而非车速或小孩子喜欢，且它的电池旧而效率低，排除其他各项。B 解析：1. B。参加晚会的人没吃晚饭，到晚上11点，人们饿疯了。 2. B。开头的故事作为例子，说明邀请信函令人迷茫，人们无法把握该如何去做。 3. D。第四段前几句说明，年轻的学生赴晚会迟到很正常。急迫地第一个赶到的人太少见了。 4. A。第四段最后提及三十多岁的人参加晚会的时间接近学生的时间，故可能迟到

45、。 5. C。由全文可知，不同年龄段的人到达晚会的时间不同，对晚会时间理解不同，不遵从社会习惯，便会出现饿肚子等现象。所以，按社会习俗参加晚会极为重要。C 解析：1. A。从第一段“and John Leguizamo as the artist Henri de Toulouse Lautree.可知，as前省略了will act, as前的人是一个演员，其后的人是电影中的角色。 2. B。从第三段“She (Loretta Lynn)is in good condition, but the doctors are watching her closely可知答案。Moulin Rouge一部影片即将参加电影节，尚未获奖，排除A。Enrico Macias同其他八人一道，共九人，排除C。Fred Biery是一个法官，故排除D。 3. C。全文四小段文章均是关于影视娱乐圈的事，应该是从报纸的休闲娱乐栏目中选取的文章。