（整理版高中英语）人教新课标高二必修五Unit3Lifeinthefuture期末知识梳理.doc

《（整理版高中英语）人教新课标高二必修五Unit3Lifeinthefuture期末知识梳理.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（整理版高中英语）人教新课标高二必修五Unit3Lifeinthefuture期末知识梳理.doc（17页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、人教新课标版高二必修五Unit 3 Life in the future期末知识梳理一、训练导入写出以下考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.impression 2.previous 3.guide 4.capsule 5.surrounding 6.lack 7.press 8.fasten 9.belt 10.flash 12.timetable 13.desert 14.citizen 15.button 16.swallow 17.material 18.recycle 19.goods 20.settlement 1take_拿起2lose_of看不

2、见3speed_加速4show sb_领某人参观5in no_立刻6be back on ones_困境后恢复；完全复原7sweep_清扫；横扫8under_在修建中9_sb,for 因而责怪某人10be_to与相似二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. private adj. 1)私人的；个人的 2)私下的, 保密的; 典例1) When children grow up, they are eager to get private rooms for themselves.当孩子长大了，他们都渴望有自己的房间。2) I wish to have a private talk with you.

3、我想私底下和你谈谈。2. settlement n. 1) 定居点C 2)解决纷争的协议C 3) 解决，处理U典例1) The Indians often attacked the settlements of the colonist. 印地安人经常袭击殖民者的定居点。2) The strikers and the employers have reached a settlement over new working conditions. 罢工者已经与顾主就新的工作条件达成了协议。3) After the settlement of our differences, we became

4、friends. 消除分歧后，我们成了朋友。重点用法settle v.定居 come to a settlement解决; 决定; 和解settle in Canada. 定居加拿大settle down安排下来：过稳定有序的生活：3. impression n.印；印痕；印记；印象；意念；概念 典例 1) Your performance gave me a strong impression你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。2) What I said made no impression on him我的话对他不起作用。 重点用法impress sthonupon ones mind 把牢记

5、在心上have an impression of sthdoing sththatmake an impression on sb 给某人留下印象make no impression on 对无影响效果give sba favorable impression给某人以好印象an impression of sbs foot某人的脚印4. remind v.提醒；使想起5. 典例1) The picture reminds me of my college days这张照片使我想起了大学里的日子。2) Remind me to write to father请提醒我给父亲写信。3) Please

6、 remind me that I must call her up before nine.请提醒我九点前给她打个 。重点用法remind sbof sth=remind sbabout. 提醒某人某事；remind sbthat也可以表示“提醒某人做某事或“使某人想起去做某事。考例单项填空 What you said just now_ me of that American professor.A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized【解析】remind sb. of sth.使/让某人想起某事；informed sb. of s

7、th.通知某人事情。A,D都无此结构。答案：C。6. previous adj.先的, 前的; 事前的; 以前的重点用法previous to 在之前典例1He did better in his previous study.他在预习方面做得好。2His previous attempt was successful. 他以前的尝试成功了。3Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter. 在会议召开之前,我们讨论了这个问题.7. lack vt.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺的东西重点用法lack sth.(wisdomcommon

8、 sensemoney缺乏智慧常识/金钱)be lacking in (couragedetermination to do.) 缺乏做某事的勇气决心athe lack of 的缺乏for lack of 因缺乏have no lack of 不缺乏典例1) You will not be lacking in support from me. 你将得到我的帮助2) I lacked for nothing. 我不需要任何东西8. require v.需要；要求；命令重点用法 require+ n./ pron. /doing sth./ to do sth/that-clause典例 1)

9、This suggestion will require careful thought. 这建议需要仔细考虑。 2) To carry out this plan would require increasing our staff by 50 执行这方案需要增加50的人员。 9. assist vt.vi帮助；援助订参与，出席重点用法assist sb in/with sth辅助(某人)某事assist sbin doing sth 辅助(某人)做某事assist sbto do sth 辅助(某人)做某事assist with 帮助(照料，做)；在上给予帮助典例1)I am willin

10、g to assist you whenever there is an opportunity有时机我愿随时帮你。2)Im afraid I cant assist you，you have to go and see the manager我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。3)The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free有空时校长帮助做了很多事。4)You will be required to assist MrsSmith in preparing a report你将要帮助史密斯夫人准备一份报告。II.重点词组 1. take

11、 up 从事；占(时间、空间、注意力、等)；继续 典例1)This table takes up too much room这张桌子太占地方。3)This chapter takes up where the last one off 本章继续上一章的内容。短语归纳take off脱掉衣服等；起飞：打折：作为折扣而减价：take over接管：获得对的控制或管理take apart拆开：分开后将分成许多局部take for把视作：误认为take for granted认为是理所当然take down写下,记下take back收回(诺言);2.be similar to 与相似典例1) His

12、 views are similar to mine.他的观点与我的很相似.2) They are similar to each other in appearance.他们在长相上非常相似。相似短语归纳be familiar to 对某人来说是熟悉的be familiar with 某人对很熟悉in a similar way以与.相似的方式3.lose sight of/ catch sight of不再看见./ 瞥见重点用法gethave(a)sight of 看见，发现at(the)sight of 一看见at first sight 乍一见 out of sight 不被看见，在视

13、线之外 out of sight of 在看不见的地方inwithin sight 被见到，在视线内 inwithin sight of在看得见的地方4.sweep up清扫；横扫短语归纳sweep aside放堆到一边, 不予理会sweep away扫清, 迅速消灭, 肃清, 冲走sweep off扫清; 吹走; 大量去除sweep out扫掉; 去除sweep over将.一扫而光III.重点句型 1What problems do you think people in the future will have overcome? 你认为未来的人们将克服什么问题?解释 此句为复杂疑问句，

14、其句式结构为：疑问词+do you think+其余局部(其余局部为陈述语序),do you think 为插入成分。能用于此句型的动词有：think，believe，suppose，imagine，suggest，expect等。典例1)Who do you think is the tallest in your class?你认为在你们班谁最高?2)What do you believe matters when we take up the work?你认为我们从事这项工作什么东西最要紧?3)Who do you suppose will win the game?你认为谁会赢得这比赛

15、?注意1)如果此句型的动词后面的从句里有否认意义，往往要把否认前置。如：I dont think its right to do so我想这样做是不对的。2)该句型变反意疑问句，主句主语是第一人称且是现在时态时，反问局部与从句一致，否那么与主句一致。如:I think that he has been to Beijing，hasnt he?He thinks that their team are sure to win the game，doesnt he?2. This is similar to the “jet lag you get when flying, 这与你在飞行过程中的时

16、差反响是相类似的。解释 When flying是when you are flying的省略形式。在有些表时间、条件、方式或让步的从句中，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，就常常可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。典例1) When asked wheres the toilet, the waitress showed the way politely to the guest.当被问及厕所在哪时，效劳员非常有礼貌地给客人带路。2) Until finishing the homework, the child was allowed to watch the c

17、artoon film.直至完成作业，小孩才允许看卡通片。3) If necessary, you can call help from the police.有必要时，你可以求助警察局。三、语法突破过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语相当于一个被动语态的状语从句。过去分词作状语时，可放在句首，句中或句末，但放在句首的情况较多。 过去分词作状语1) 作时间状语相当于 when 引导的状语从句。来 Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.(=When it is seen from the hill,) 从山上看，城市显得更美。When sh

18、ot in the leg, he continued to fire back,(=When he was shot in the leg.)腿受伤后，他继续还击。2) 作原因状语相当于because, as, since引导的从句。这类状语多放在句子前半局部。Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid,(=Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective,.)有了著名的侦探的指点，姑娘不再害怕了。Deeply shocked, I

19、 was unable to speak.(=As I was deeply shocked,.)我大为震惊，连话都说不出来了。3) 作条件状语相当于if, unless 引导的从句。Given more time, they would be able to do it better.(=If they were given more time,)如果多给一些时间，他们会博得更好。I shall not go unless invited.(=I shall not go unless I am invited,) 除非受到邀请，否那么我是不会去的。4) 作伴随状语延续性动词的过去分词作状语

20、时，用来表示一个伴随的动作或状态，但一般不能改为状语从句，但可改为并列句。The lady returned home, followed by Mr Holmes(= The lady returned home and(she)was followed by Mr Holmes.) 姑娘回家，福尔摩斯跟在后面。He turned away, disappointed.(=He turned away and(He)was disappointed)他失望地转身离去。作方式状语过去分词作方式状语时，多由as, as if, as though引导，并可改为相应的状语从句。We did it

21、as told to.(=We did it as we were told to.)我们按要求做了。He lay still as if beaten to death,(=He lay still as if he was beaten to death.)他躺着一动也不动，好似被打死似的。6) 作让步状语相当于 although/though, even if/ though 引导的从句。Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.(=Thought he was wounded, the brave soldier continued t

22、o fight.)战士虽然受了伤，仍然勇敢作战。Even if/thought invited, he wont go.(=Even if/thought he is invited, he wont go),即使请他，他也不会去的。过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，需在过去分词前面加上主格的逻辑主语，这叫做独立主格结构。All things considered, it is a good plan.从全面考虑，这个方案是好的。The job done, the farmers went home. 农民们干完活就回家了。都花完了，我们开始找工作。 【考题印证】1.卷-30When for

23、 his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked【答案】B【解析】此题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意：当被问到他关于教学工作的看法时，菲利普答复说，他觉得这项工作很有趣，很值得干。句子主语菲利普和“问 之间应为被动关系，先排除A和C；而D为不定式，不定式作状语有将来含义，且表目的，故可排除D。本句也可认为是asked前省略he was两词。2.2湖南卷-23 Ti

24、me, _ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use【答案】B【解析】此题考查分词作状语的用法。句意：时间，如果使用得当的话，就是存在银行里的钱。此处，money和“使用之间为被动关系，所以选过去分词used。此处也可认为是if it is used correctly从句的省略。3.卷-23_to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D

25、. To be asked【答案】A【解析】此题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意：那天晚上由于被要求加班，我错过了一场好电影。句子主语I和ask to work overtime之间明显为被动关系，先排除B、C；分词的完成时形式表示该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前，“被要求加班应发生在“错过电影之前，应选A。【真题体验】1.(卷-27) _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use2.全国大纲I卷/新课标卷-32Film has a much shorter history, espe

26、cially when_ such art forms as music and painting. A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to 3.卷,12 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 4.春招,36 in 1955, Disneyland in C

27、alifornia is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. OpenedB. Having openedC. OpeningD. Being opened 5.卷,16 an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer 6.卷_ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of tr

28、ees . A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see 7.全国卷Though_to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D being surprised 8.卷_油漆成red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. (paint) 9.卷 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the man

29、ager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 10.湖南卷Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 【答案解析】1.【解析】C。此题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：小心使用的话，金属罐儿可以用六周。主语one tin和use是

30、被动关系，故用过去分词形式。2.【解析】D。此题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。此处可认为是when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting从句省略it is而成的“连词+分词结构；句子主语film与compare存在被动关系，故用过去分词compared。3.【解析】B。考查非谓语动词。句意为“翻译成英语后，发现这个句子的词序全变了。the sentence与translate之间存在着被动关系，故用过去分词，答案B。4.【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。open开业，

31、与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，应选A。5.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词。句意为“Andy在一部新影片中扮演重要角色，这就有了成名的时机。offer sb. sth.(主动)提供某人某物。句中Andy与offer之间存在着被动关系，应选C。6.【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语, 非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系, 且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成, 用过去分词, 选A。7.【解析】C。省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Though he was surprised, 主语一致, 省

32、略主语和系动词。8.【解析】“painted 非谓语动词。过去分词作状语, 主语“the building 是动作“paint 的作用对象9.【解析】B。考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager, 非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系, 且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生, 非谓语动词用过去分词, 选B。10.【解析】C。考查非谓语动词。每天晚饭后, 如果不是因为工作太累, 我都会花点时间遛狗。if not from work是条件状语从句的省略形式, 完整句子是：If Im not tired from work, 由此判断该填tired。答案

33、C。四、单元自测第一节 单项选择1. I prefer western food. Its a kind of healthy food. - _ But western food is said to be high in sugar and fat. A. Is that right? B. How do you know that? C. Do you really think so? D. Who told you that?2. -What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game -

34、_. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B. Its up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that3. _ from the top of the hill, the city takes the round shape with a flowing river through it.A. Viewing B. To be viewed C. Viewed D. To be viewing4. If you _ of Mary, ask her to come and

35、 see me.A. lose sight of B. catch sight ofC. are in the sight of D. Are at the sight of5. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than _ a room with others. A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing6. My father served in the army in _ when he was in _. A. 1950s; twenties B. the

36、 1950s; his twenties C. the 1950s; the twenties D. 1950s; the twenties7. The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO is strongly impressed _ my memory. A. to B. over C. by D. on8. A well-written composition _ good choice of words and clear organization among other things. A.

37、 calls on B. calls for C. calls up D. calls in9. The food was so _ that the child couldnt help tasting it. A. smelly B. invited C. interesting D. inviting10. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so stood _ to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing11. You should try to get a g

38、ood nights sleep _ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever12. Theres _ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _? A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any13. The teacher couldnt make himself _ attention to bec

39、ause the students were so noisy. A. to pay B. to be paid C. paid D. pay14. He tried to go away without being noticed by his employer but luck _ him. A. went with B. went against C. went over D. went along15. _ straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it. A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When

40、going16. _ warmly for his work, he was too _ to fall asleep. A. Praising; excited B. To praise; exciting C. Praised; exciting D. Praised; excited17. He used to be a popular singer, but drug _ his ruin. A. resulted from B. contributed to C. attended to D. devoted to18. I order not to be disturbed, I

41、spent three hours _ in my study. A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. being locked19. In fact, Im not used _ to like that. - Neither am I. A. to being spoken B. to be spoken C. being spoken D. to speaking20. Give me an undisturbed hour and Ill see the work Tom _ unfinished. A. will leave B. is leaving

42、 C. has left D. had left第二节完形填空共20小题，每题1.5分；总分值30分阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The purpose of a letter of application is to help you to “sell yourself. It should state 1 the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have 2. It should be simple, h

43、uman, personal and brief without 3 out any necessary fact.In writing a letter of application, keep in 4 that the things a possible employer is most 5 to want to know about are your qualifications(条件), your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 6 the first few sentences fail to 7 the readers attention, the rest of the letter may not be 8 at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or in