（整理版高中英语）高二英语寒假专题阅读理解题型及解题技巧（上篇）人教实验.doc

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1、高二英语寒假专题阅读理解题型及解题技巧上篇人教实验版知识精讲【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 寒假专题阅读理解题型及解题技巧上篇二. 教学目标： 1. 掌握阅读题中五大题型 2. 结合练习掌握解题技巧三. 教学重难点： 如何根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，采用不同的解题技巧。 1. 细节理解 2. 猜想词义 3. 推理判断 4. 主旨大意 5. 观点态度 英语教学大纲明确规定：要“侧重培养学生的阅读能力，为进一步学习和运用英语切实打好根底。在历年高考试题中，阅读理解对英语成绩起着举足轻重的作用，阅读理解题也在逐年提高难度。目前，英语教学中，以慢读、精读为主，偏重语言形式，而忽略阅读技巧的训练。因

2、此，生普遍存在阅读速度慢、理解能力较差的现象。如果我们掌握一些阅读技巧并有方案、有针对性地、系统地进行阅读训练，就能够有效地提高阅读理解能力。一. 1. 语篇选材多为时文，题材多样化，信息丰富。 2. 坚持把阅读技能作为考查目标。 3. 语篇的字数逐年增加，加强对考生阅读速度的要求。 4. 增加了生词量，加大了推断词义能力的考查。 5. 考点分布格局恰当，试题设计合理，干扰项编制水平高 6. 语篇逻辑上经得起推敲，而且在“深度上也到达较高层次。二. 阅读策略 1. 先看题干，带着问题读文章 2. 速读全文，了解大意知主题 3. 详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络 4. 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题 5.

3、 猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎 6. 巧用排除法答题，注意检验答案三. 解题技巧 我们可将阅读理解题归纳为以下五大题型，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，采用不同的解题技巧来应对。一细节理解：本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。常见的提问形式有： 1. According to the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ where / why /

4、 how/ how many/how much/ how long/ how soon/ how often, etc. ? 2. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true? 3. According to the passage, Which of the following is not mentioned ? 4. All of the following are true EXCEPT _. 5. In the passage the writer states that _. 6. Choos

5、e the best order in which the people do_. 此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。 Sample I This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. This hu

6、ge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada. Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the B

7、lack Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and BDSample II Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old, Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the

8、 competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a nat

9、ive of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.BSample III Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreemen

10、t calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions ,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluan to live there, Laupepa told the BBC. Laupepa was not satisfied

11、 with the United States because it did not . A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B. sign an agreement with Tuvalu C. allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real(成心用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生)ASample IV Tuition Fees (学费) Tuition fees are different from departmen

12、t to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui waikato. ac. nz. Accommodation (住宿) You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc wai

13、kato. ac. nz You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)12(months)+$150(生活费) 12=$8000. B二猜想词义：这类题旨在考查学生根据上下文对灵活变化的词义作出理解判断的能力。常见的提问形式有： 1. The word “ in Line means/can be best replaced by 2. As used in the p

14、assage, the phrase “ suggests 3. From the passage, we can infer that he word/phrase “ is/refers to 4. The word “ is closest in meaning to 技巧1：根据解释确定词义 1. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another. 社会流动性 2. The other questioned the veracity- the truthfulness of thes

15、e reports.真实性 3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily. 坚决的 4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 变戏法者 技巧2：根据比照确定词义 1. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly

16、 way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. 一片混乱 技巧3：根据逻辑确定词义 1. If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable .不知疲倦的 技巧4：根据上下文情景确定词义 Sample I Rainfo

17、rests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. The underlined phrase “mopping up in the

18、 second paragraph means_. A. cleaning upB. taking in C. wiping outD. giving outB Sample II Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their baby. Pierres family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years. Their ancestors came from France. A. family members from a long time ago B.

19、 grandparents and their grandchildren C. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents D. family members all living at the same timeC【模拟试题】答题时间：40分钟A Shanghai: Car rentals出租are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. Business people, foreigners and families alike

20、are making good use of the growing industry. The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars in their books. The largest playerShanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choicesdeluxe sedans, miniva

21、ns, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are big favorite.Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up during holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and New Years Day, with some recording 100 percent rental. The major market force rests

22、in the growing population of white-collar employees白领雇员，who can afford the new service, said Zhuang Yu, marketing manager of Shanghai Angel car Rental Co. 1. The words “deluxe sedans:, “minivans and “station wagons used in the text refer to _. A. cars in the makingB. car rental firms C. cars for ren

23、tD. car makers 2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A. 70% of the cars can be rented out on holiday. B. 70% of the customers are white-collar employees. C. More firms are open for service during holiday seasons. D. Some firms rent out all their cars during holiday seas

24、ons. 3. Shanghais car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to _. A. better cars supplied by producers. B. fast service offered by car rental firms. C. the increasing number of white-collar employees. D. peoples growing interest in travelling during holidays.B Rome had the Forum. London has

25、Speakers Corner. Now alwayson thego New Yorkers have Liz and Bill. Liz and Bill, two college graduates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street corners. Just talk. Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says, “Talk to Me

26、. they attract conversatio-nalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits. They dont collect money. They dont push religion(宗教). So whats the point? To see what happens, said Liz. “We simply enjoy life with open communication交流. Shortly after the September 11, attacks,

27、 they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return. “It started as a crazy idea, Liz said. “We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their li

28、fe stories. People will talk to us about anything: their jobs, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything. Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went. Marcia had lost her husband t

29、o a serious disease. “That was very heavy on my mind, Marcia said.“To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,she explained. To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people showed up

30、, as well as some television cameramen and reporters. They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say theyll consider. 1. What did Liz and Bill start doing after September ? A. Chatting with

31、people B. Setting up street signs C. Telling stories to strangers D. Organizing a speakers corner 2. What they have been doing can be described as A. pointless B. normal C. crazy D. successful 3. Why are Denise and Marcia mentioned in the text? A. They knew Liz and Bill very well. B. They happened t

32、o meet the writer of the text. C. They organized the get-together in the city park. D. They are examples of those who talked to Liz and Bill. 4. What will Liz and Bill do in the future? A. Go in for publishing. B. Do more television programs. C. Continue what they are doing. D. Spend more time readi

33、ng books. 5. How do they like they idea of writing a book? A. They have decided to wait a year or two B. They will think about it carefully C. They agreed immediately D. They find it hard to do thatC My first reaction was annoyance. It was Friday afternoon, and I was within an hour of finishing my w

34、ork for the week. As I was leaving, a nurse brought me one more patient message. The statement read: “Mrs. Jones called to say that she has had blurred vision视觉模糊ever since her medical test this morning. I smiled. Suddenly our tests were causing eye problems. This week my patients had questioned eve

35、rything. My patient with high blood pressure had stopped coming to her treatment on the advice of an Internet chat room. A woman who had a mental problem was substituting用代替St. Johns word for her medication. Now Mrs. Jones was imagining problems. I rolled my eyes. My second reaction was worry. As I

36、looked through her record, I tried to figure out why she would have blurred vision, but nothing in her record explained the new problem. Shes probably just anxious, I thought. Still, she wouldnt have called if she had been all right. I picked up the phone. What I next felt can only be described as d

37、elight. Before I made the call, the nurse ran in: Mrs. Jones called. Her vision is fine. Turns out she picked up the wrong glasses when she left the office. The X-ray technician has been having the same problem. I let out a laugh. Mrs. Jones had been right. Her vision had been blurred. Now we know w

38、hy. Finally I felt shame. I came to realize what Mrs. Jones had taught me. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded hex judgment. Instead, my medical training had clouded mine. Now I feel thankful that Mrs. Jones figured it out before I made a mistake about our relationship. Pat

39、ients come to me for my help. They pay me to listen, diagnose (诊断), treat and talk. That suggests trust; I must remember that, and trust them too. 1. The writer smiled while reading the patient message because he knew A. Mrs. Jones would ask for more tests B. the patient was being unreasonable C. th

40、e nurse was joking with him D. Mrs. Jones would call him 2. What had caused Mrs. Jones eye problem? A. Wrong glasses B. Medical checkup C. Her own imagination D. Chatting on the Internet 3. The underlined words “clouded her judgment in the last paragraph probably mean A. made her less trustful towar

41、d the doctor B. put her in control of her own feelings C. made her less able to think clearly D. put her in a dangerous situation【试题答案】A 解析：1. C。上文提到：“Shanghai Bashi旅游车租赁中心提供了广泛丰富的选择，可判断选择的内容为可供租赁的车型。应选C。 2. D。文中提到的数据70%为“每月汽车租出量，故A、B都不正确。从“This figure shoots up during holiday seasons , with some re

42、cording 100 percent rental可判断出D项陈述正确，即“一些公司在节假日里能够把汽车全部租出去。 3. C。文章最后一段引用“汽车租赁中心市场经理Zhuang Yu的话解释了汽车租赁行业迅猛开展的原因根源于“the growing population of white-collar employees。应选C。B 解析：1. A。本篇讲述了两个大学毕业生与陌生人交谈，倾听人们向他们倾诉的互惠的活动。文章从联想开始，简介Liz and Bill这是两个人的名字，又是交谈与倾听活动的名称做什么，怎样开始的，效果如何，未来打算等，其中第六段和第七段是插叙从shortly af

43、ter到experiences, anything.，讲述的就是两个年轻人怎样开始这一活动的。应选A项；开始与人聊天。 2. D。Liz and Bill活动很成功。从倒数第二段可知：为庆祝该活动一周年所举办的聚会，有许多人参加，记者和摄影师都来了，说明很成功。 3. D。Liz和Bill同许多人谈生活，倾听过许多人跟他们谈心，Denise和Marcia是其中的两人。提到他们来做例子。 4. C。最后一段的前一句说明他们还想吸引更多的人来参加这一活动，与他们聊天。应选C。 5. B。此题问Liz和Bill怎么看待写书这回事，全篇最后一句可知，但本句结构较复杂。something是代词，是a b

44、ook的同位语，“theyll consider是定语从句，“they say起到插入语的作用。全句可译为：有些出版商表达了给Liz和Bill 出本书的兴趣，Liz和Bill说他们会考虑这件事。consider一词可解释为think about carefully，something指出书写书。应选B。C 解析：1. B。本篇讲一个医生要结束一周的工作时几分钟内的心理历程。一周来，病人们不断疑心或不信任自己，其中一个病人Mrs. Jones也来 说上午看完病后眼睛看不清东西，医生先是烦躁，进而担忧焦虑是否真的有问题或病人只是在想象，再而是快乐Mrs. Jones只是戴错了眼镜，自己的诊断治疗没问题。最后是惭愧，病人还是信任自己的，自己也必须信任病人。文章第二段话用了许多过去完成时，说明这些事先发生，许多病人开始没道理地疑心自己，现在又轮到Mrs. Jones。所以医生知道这位病人有些没理性。 2. A。第四段的前几句说明了Mrs. Jones视力正常，下班离开办公室时拿错了眼镜。 3. C。画线局部中cloud作动词用，是用云挡住的意思，整体画线局部应是“影响了她的判断力，使她不能正常思考，此题可用代入法解决。