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1、省市竹山县茂华八年级英语下册Unit 1 Wil l people have robots重点词汇精讲 人教新目标版Section A: 重点词汇1.fall v . 落下;跌落;变成。 例:The book fell off the shelf. 这本书从架子上掉了下来。用法:fall用作动词时,主要有两种用法。一种是作为实义动词,可以和介词或副词搭配,表示“落下;跌落,例如:I fell back in my chair. 我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一种是作为系动词,与形容词连用,表示进入某种状态,如:fall asleep 入睡进入睡眠的状态。fall的动词过去式是fallen。fall用
2、作名词时,表示“落下;降低,例如:I sat listening to the fall of the rain on the roof. 我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音。fall还可以表示“秋天,与autumn意思相同。词汇扩展:常用搭配:fall asleep 入睡;fall behind 落后于某人或某物;fall down 跌落;fall in love with 喜爱、爱上;fall off 掉下;fall over 跌落、被绊倒谚语:He who does not advance falls backward. 不进那么退。Pride goes before a fall. 骄兵必败
3、。2. aloneadv.单独地;孤独地。例:I dont like going out alone after dark. 我不愿意天黑后单独外出。用法:解析along 和lonely:1alone 既可用作形容词,又可用作副词,意思是“单独的地;单独的地,侧重于说明单独一人,没有同伴或助手。alone和on ones own,by oneself意思相近。alone用作形容词时,一般与be 动词连用,在句中作表语。例如:She is alone at home. 她单独一人在家。alone 用作副词修饰动词时,放在动词后面作状语。例如:I like to work alone. 我喜欢单独
4、一人工作。alone 用作副词时,也可作定语,意思是“只有;仅仅,但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如:This year alone, weve already planted ten thousand trees. 仅是今年,我们已经载了一万颗树。2lonely只用作形容词,它在句中既可作定语,也可作表语,表示“孤独的;寂寞的。该词带有“孤寂的感情色彩。用作定语时,意思为“孤单的;荒凉的;偏僻的等。例如:Thats a lonely island. 那是一个荒凉的岛屿。Lonely用作表语时,可以表示“孤寂的;寂寞的。例如:I was alone but I didnt feel lo
5、nely. 我单独一人,但我并不感到孤独。词汇拓展常用搭配:let / leave somebody / something alone 不干预某人或某物;听其自然let alone 不管;不必考虑谚语:An evil chance seldom comes alone. 祸不单行3. dress v. 穿衣。例:Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她会自己穿衣服了吗?用法:dress还可以用作名词,表示“女服;连衣裙;服装。例如:Mary wore a long red dress last evening. 玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙。辨析dr
6、ess,put on 和wear:1用作动词时,dress既可以表动作,也可以表状态,常用人作宾语,意思是“穿衣服,例如:She is only a girl of three. She cant dress herself. 她只是一个三岁的女孩,她还不能自己穿衣服。需要注意的是,在表示“给自己穿衣时,我们通常说dress oneself (= get dressed);当dress表示状态时,一般要用be dressed in 结构,例如:She was dressed in a red coat. 她穿着一件红色的上衣。2put on 意思是“穿戴上,强调动作。例如:He put on
7、his coat and went out. 他穿上大衣就出去了。3wear意思是“穿戴着,强调状态。例如:Lucys mother often wears a pair of glasses. 露西的母亲常常戴着一副眼镜。dress可表动作,人作宾语,构成dress sb. 或dress oneself/ get dressed。The old woman cant get dressed./ dress herself.这老妇人不能自己穿衣服。也可表状态,常构成 be dressed in +衣服The girl is dressed in a white skirt. 这女孩穿着一件白色
8、的裙子。wear指“穿着的状态,也可表示“戴着,后接衣服等的名词。She wore her red coat and glasses. 她穿上了她的红外套,戴上了眼镜。put on指“穿的动作,即“穿上, 后接衣服的名词。Its cold. Please put on your sweater. 天冷,请穿上你的毛衣。词汇扩展常用搭配:dress (somebody) up (in something / as somebody or something) 化装打扮谚语:Eat to please myself, but dress to please others. 吃是使自己受用,穿是使别
9、人受用。4. unpleasantadj. not pleasant; not enjoyable使人不愉快的;不合意的。例:There is an unpleasant smell from this room. 这屋子里散发出一种难闻的气味。用法:unpleasant可以表示“令人不快的;讨厌的,例如:I found his manner very unpleasant. 我觉得他的态度讨厌极了。词汇拓展相关词:unpleasantlyadv.厌恶地反义词:pleasantadj.令人愉快的记忆导航unpleasant 是由pleasant 加上否认前缀un-构成的。类似这种构词法的词还有
10、:able有能力的unable没有能力的;happy快乐的unhappy不快乐的。5. hundred n. 百;许多事物或人。例:The tree was probably a hundred years old. 这棵树可能已经有一百年了。Hundreds of people attended the famous directors farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的辞别音乐会。用法:hundred 用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后,一般不用复数形式,例如:three hundred, a few hundred 等。但当hundred 表示“成百的;许多的
11、意思时,它面前不用具体数字,而常用hundreds of 结构。注意hundred 在这个结构中要用复数形式,前面可加some,a few,several等词修饰。例如:Her coat cost hundreds of dollars. 她的大衣价值几百美元。类似的搭配还有thousands of数以千计的;许多的,millions of 数以百万计的;无数的。词汇拓展谚语:One good head is better than a hundred strong hands. 上百双有力的手,不如一个聪明的头脑。To hear a hundred times is not so good
12、as to see once. 百闻不如一见。6. suchadj.这那样的;这那种。例:He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost a lot, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链。他想,这样的首饰肯定价格不菲。用法:辨析such 和so:1such 是形容词,意思是“这那样的;这那种;如此的,修饰名词。例如:I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方。需要特别注意的是,such修饰单数可数名词时,应该按照如下词序:such + a / an +
13、形容词 + 单数可数名词。2so是副词,意思是“这那么;这那样;如此地,修饰形容词、副词和分词。例如:I have never seen so beautiful a place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方。同样,需要特别注意的是,so修饰单数可数名词时,应该按照如下词序:so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。此外,当名词前有few,many,little,much等修饰词时,要用so。例如:so many people,so few days,so much time,so little money等。词汇拓展常用搭配:such as 例如 such and su
14、ch 某某;这样那样的谚语:Theres no such thing as a free lunch. 世上没有免费的午餐。 7. in prep. 在之后用于将来时。例:in 100 years在一百年后;People will have robots in their homes in 100 years.一百年以后,人们家中会有机器人。比拟:after 在之后用于过去时,表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后He will come back in two hours. 他两小时后会回来。He came back after two hours. 他是两小时后回来的。8. less, fewer
15、 比拟少;more 比拟多 less 是little 的比拟级,修饰不可数名词 fewer是few的比拟级,修饰可数名词 more 是much和many的比拟级,即可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可说名词much 修饰不可数名词,many修饰可数名词。例:I have less money than he has. 我的钱比他的少。There are more building in this city than in that city.这个城市的楼房比那个城市多。注意: few 和little 表示否认,意为“几乎没有; a few, a little表示肯定,意为“有一点儿。9. fall i
16、n love with. 爱上 例:Last year I visited the art exhibition and fell in love with the work of Picasso.去年我参观了艺术展,爱上了毕加索的作品。10. a kind of. 一种;some kinds of. 几种a kind of book 一种书five kinds of flowers 五种花many different kinds of goldfish 各种不同的金鱼fish 单复数相同,此处是复数11. as well as也;与too 同义 He likes this book and
17、he likes that book, too. / He likes this book as well as that book. 他喜欢这本书,也喜欢那本书。She can come here, too. / She can come here as well. 她也能来。12. worth adj.值;值得;相当于价值。例:This house is worth $10 000.这个房子价值一万美元。 be (well) worth doing sth.很值得做。例:That film is (well) worth seeing.那部电影很值得看。 These books are w
18、orth reading twice.这几本书值得看两遍。13. knock down . 击倒,撞倒;撤除。例:knock down the pins击倒球柱。knock down the machine撤除机器 knock组成的词语还有: knock on (at) the door敲门 knock into sb.撞了某人 knock up叫醒 14. prediction n. 预言,预测predict v. predict + that 后接从句,例:The weather forecast predicts sunshine for tomorrow. 天气预告说明天阳光明媚。I
19、predict that he will win. 我预测他会赢。15. paper moneypaper n. 纸,纸张,是不可数名词,如a piece of paper。paper money 中paper是名词做定语,表材质,只用单数。newspapern.报纸,可数名词16. space n. 表示“宇宙,空间时,不可数名词;通常前面不用冠词。例:There are many stars in outer space. 在太空中有很多恒星。Travel through space to other planets interests many people.现在很多人对穿越太空去其他星
20、球旅行感兴趣。17. besides prep. 除了还;相当于as well as, in addition to。例:Besides basketball, he also plays soccer well.除了打篮球以外,他踢足球也踢得很好。All of us passed besides John.除了约翰外,我们也都及格了。I also went there besides Mary.除了玛丽我也去了.18.be able to 和can 二者都可以表示“能;会。在表示现在和过去“力所能及时,二者可以互换。I can/ _ speak a little English. 我现在会说
21、一些英语。He was able to/ _ run fast when he was eight years. 他八岁时就能跑得很快了。但它们也有一些区别:be able to可用于各种时态; 可用于不定式的后面;不能用于表示猜想的句中。can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。不能用于不定式的后面。表示猜想时,只能用can。19.seem. 像是;似乎A. seem + adj./ n. 似乎是 B. seem + to do sth. 好似 C. It seems that 好似;其中,B与C两用法可以互相转换。 seems quite happy. 露西似乎很快乐。2.It seems a
22、good idea. 似乎是一个好主意。3.Group 2 seemed to win the match. 二组好似赢了比赛。4.It seems that he was ill. 似乎他病了。18其余词组:1. be free 免费的 2. study at home on computers 在家用电脑学习3. live to be 200 years old 活到200岁 4. in 100 years 100年以后5. I think there will be more pollution.我认为将会有更多的污染。6. Will there be fewer trees? No,
23、there e true (希望等)实现;到达 His dream came true at last. 他的梦想最终实现了。 come from 来自 TuanTuan and Yuan Yuan come from the mainland of China. 团团和圆圆来自中国大陆。come over 顺便来访 Can you come over to my house next Sunday? 下星期能来我家吗? come back回来 He came back home at five yesterday. 昨天他五点回到家。5Before 1929, there was no sound in movies. 在1929年以前,电影都是无声的。sound n. 声音,指人们听到的一般自然界的各种声音,包括鸟叫声、流水声等。Listen! Can you hear the sound of the bird? 听!你能听到鸟叫声吗?sound v. 听起来His idea sounds a good one. 他的意见听起来不错。The music sounds sweet. 这音乐听起来很甜。
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