（整理版高中英语）专题讲座阅读理解.doc

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1、专题讲座 阅读理解不少同学反映上述表述，应当说没有错误，但学生们实践后往往收效甚微。为什么?因为这些方法没有抓住生英语学习的现实和实质。目前生的词汇学习量缺乏词初中1200、高中750，学生真正掌握并能运用的词汇量那么更少。教学大纲规定阅读量至多20万词，然而目前高考英语试卷的词汇要求为30003500词左右含派生、转化及合成。以缺乏词的词汇量去读3500词为底线的文章，肯定读不深吃不透，在此根底上用什么技巧和思路也只能是一个字-“猜。自然无准确性可言了。作为一名英语学习者，要想突破阅读关，在高考中拿高分，要解决“三量，即词汇量-3500词；阅读量-35万词，也即1000篇300余词的短文；阅

2、读质量-能本着信达雅的原那么用中文说出文意。1词汇量词汇量的3500词包括常见词及词组和日常会话中的单词、词组，最常见的涉及文化、科普、政治、经济，甚至军事的词。同时还要会认、会用派生，包括前缀和后缀。比方近年高考中就出现过的inexpensive， unthinkable， computerize。要真正做到会认、会用，就必须多读文章，细读文章，在大量认读中逐步加深前后缀的印象，逐步积累生词。平日学习新词时，要善于运用不同方法加强记忆，扩大词汇量。比方可以采用摘葡萄法、归纳法、联想法等。摘葡萄法就是把相互联系的词串到一起，比方当我们学习shoulder时，应联想到arm， elbow， wr

3、ist， fist， hand， palm， finger， thumb， index，finger，middle，finger， ring，finger， little，finger，甚至foe。归纳法那么可把那些形相近意相远的词联系到一起，如medal， model， metal， mental； violet紫罗兰， violent， violate凶暴。联想法是指在学习过程中发现一个词联想到与它相关的词，比方当我们见到physical labor时，可联想到“脑力劳动，从而查找到mental labor。具体可参见以前发过的词汇扩展2阅读量阅读量是指300余词的短文，至少要读1000篇

4、。考虑到高三现状，读小说有一定困难，读短文是个好方法。一方面可选取阅读理解书目上的文章，另一方面可读21世纪报及21世纪报生版上的文章。因为这些文章篇幅不长，紧密联系生活实际，涵盖社会现实和天下大事，可读性很强。到高三的第二学期才动手，也不算晚，那必须把阅读量加大到每天五篇，这样才能见成效。3阅读质量阅读质量含五步。第一步读文章做理解题。第二步是出声朗读其中的一段，而且必须注意语音、语调、重读、弱读、连读、失去爆破和清辅音浊化。目前生上高中后发声朗读训练的时机越来越少，从上边七项要求自己的时机那么几乎没有，高考中的听力自然得分不高。因为听力中的对话与朗读是依照前边提到的七大要点录制的。第三步是

5、用笔划一划你认为应当记住的词、词组、短语，较好的句子。认真划，划得越多那么说明读者的心越细，随着时间的推移，假设划的越来越少了，说明水平也提高了。第四步是注意一下边边角角的知识，因为它有助于你对文章的理解，有助于短文写作中的应用。比方高考E篇文章的第七段中有Even when a man is said to be a best friend， the two share little about their innermost feelings Where as a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to

6、leave a failing marriage根据句意我们知道，where ：“难道因为你住高层建筑，又有垃圾道就可以不进行分拣和回收了吗?不用多久就应这样做。再比方高三课本上的第128页中有这样一段: On hearing this，Marlin got angry and shouted，“You want me to take the place of a monkey? Take its place yourself ! You look more like a monkey than I do原意是：“马林刚一听到这里，就气愤地吼道，你想让我扮猴子吗?你去扮好了，你长得才像猴呢!“

7、你长得比我更像猴!这样一来就闹出定位错误的笑话了。从这个例子中我们也能看出这样一个现实，读懂了句子，未必理解准确到位，换言之，表层意思与深层含义是不一样的。要想到达翻译上的信达雅，不加大量阅读，不按照上述五步的方法加强训练，解阅读理解题的水平很难提高。综上所述，提高解阅读理解题的水平决非一蹴而就，而应经过长时间的大量阅读。由于不少英语单词和词组是一词多意，因此要在阅读中逐步加深印象，拓宽词汇量，这样才能突破阅读关。同学们可能会问读什么样的文章好，应该是两类文章并进。一种是21世纪报和21世纪报生版，同学们可依上述五步每周阅读一份报纸，一定能开阔视野，扩大词汇量，增加知识；另一种是有阅读理解题的

8、文章，他们能检测你理解的程度，提高你高考时做阅读理解题的分值。简而言之，要疯狂，要持久。疯狂阅读指量，持久阅读指质。那么突破阅读关的时间离你就越来越近了。第一章主旨概括第一课一、试卷分析与展望 阅读理解中非常重要的一个技巧就是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的主旨大意，也就是中心思想。文章或段落的中心思想犹如一支蜡烛的芯。这根芯看似无关紧要，但是如果没有它，那么这支蜡烛就不能再称为蜡烛，而是一堆蜡。所以，一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的主旨大意，这就需要考生具备归纳和概括等方面的能力。而这种归纳和概括能力又常常是考试中被考查的重点。 下面，我们一起来回忆一下1996-十年的全真试

9、题，就可知道此项技能的重要性了。1What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? NMET96 61 9 The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about_NMET96 66 10This news story is mainly about _ NMET97 51 11The text is mainly about _ NMET97 55 12 The text is mainly about _NMET98 51 13 What is th

10、e main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? NMET98 54 14 The text is mainly about _NMET98 57 15 What would be the best title for the text? NMET98 70 16 This article mainly tells about the story of _ NMET99 51 17 The writers purpose in writing this story is _ NMET5418 According t

11、o the writer of the text , imagining the future will _NMET6619 The purpose in writing this text is _NMET67从上述全真试题中，我们可以总结出，对于文章或段落的主旨大意设问的形式一般是： 1 The main idea of the passage text is _ 2 The text passage is mainly about _ 3 What does the passage mainly discuss deal with? 4 Which of the following se

12、ntences best expresses the main idea?5 The main point of the passage is _6 The best headline for this newspaper article would be _ 7 Which of the following is the best title to be given to the article?8 What is the topic of the text? 9 The main purpose of the story is to tell us _ 10 The conclusion

13、we can get from the story is _ 大家只要记住，看到问题中使用mainly, main，title，headline，topic，conclusion等词时，就得仔细领会文章的主旨大意了。当然，除了上述通用的句型，还可用其它的形式设问，这就要求我们认真理会题干的意思了。例如92年的75题“The writer tells this story to _以及93年的66题“The writer wrote the story in order to _ 也是考查考生对主旨大意的理解 二、根本训练Mike is a freshman新生 in college He is

14、 also trying to earn the money he needs to live on As a result, he works forty hours a week at a gasoline station But this work must be done at night because Mike is a full-time college student Mike also tries to make time for things he enjoys doing that are not related to college and work He likes

15、to ski in winter and play in summer However, he is finding less and less time for these pleasures Question: Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A Mike is very busy B A freshman has to work many hours all week C Mike has pleasures in his spare time D Mike has a lot of homework Telephone, tel

16、evision, radio, and the telegraph all help people communicate with each other Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in Japan or Argentina阿根廷 An international soccer match comes into

17、 the home of everyone with a television set News of disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries Within hours, help is on the way Because of modern technology like the four thousand satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast Question: The mai

18、n idea of the passage is that _ A News of a disaster travels quickly and help can come quickly from distant countries B Election results can be known almost immediately C Communication is good D Information travels very fast because of technology 三、高考实战90年高考阅读题A well-known old man was being intervie

19、wed 采访 and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday Thats right, said the old man Ninety-nine years old, and I havent an enemy in the world Theyre all dead Well, sir, said the interviewer, I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundre

20、dth birthday The old man looked at the young man closely, and said, I cant see why you shouldnt You look fit and healthy to me! 1 The old man said he had not an enemy in the world, which shows that he was a very _ A friendly manhe never made any enemies B healthy manhe lived longer than all his enem

21、ies C lucky manhis enemies had all died D terrible manhe had got rid of all his enemies2 When the interviewer said that he hoped very much to have the honour of interviewing the old man again the following year, _ A he was trying to make the old man happy B he wished he himself would live another ye

22、ar C he did not believe the old man would live to be one hundred D he did not believe he would interview the old man again3 When the old man said I cant see why you shouldnt, what he meant was _ A You must try to live another year to interview me again next year B Of course you can see me again sinc

23、e youre so fit and healthy C If I live to a hundred years, you should interview me again D Unless you live another year, you wouldnt be able to interview me again4 What kind of man would you say the old man was? A He was silly B He was unpleasant C He was very proud and sure of his health D He was v

24、ery impolite to young peopleAnnealing Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping 浸 it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle脆that is, It will break easily Metal tha

25、t has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly, for a certain length of time The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes Annealing can a

26、lso be used on other materials, such as glass 5 Annealing can make metal _ A hard and tough韧 B hard but brittle C soft but tough D soft and brittle6 Why do people put hot metal in water? A To make it hard B To make it soft C To make it cool D To make it brittle7 In annealing, the required hardness o

27、f a metal depends on _ A the quantity of water used B the temperature of the metal C the softness of the metal D the timing of the operation8 As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A It can be heated and then cooled quickly B It can be cooled and then heated slowly C It can be

28、 heated and then cooled slowly D It can be cooled and then heated quicklyI would almost rather see you dead, Robert S Cassatt, a leading banker 银行家 of Philadelphia, shouted when his twenty-year-old eldest daughter announced that she wanted to become an artist In the 19th century, playing at drawing

29、or painting on dishes was all right for a young lady, but serious work in art was not And when the young ladys family ranked among 跻身于 the best of Philadelphias social社交界的families, such an idea could not even be considered That was how Mary Cassatt, born 1844, began her struggle as an artist She did

30、 not tremble before her fathers anger Instead, she opposed 抗拒him with courage and at last made him change his mind Mary Cassatt gave up her social position社会地位and all thought of a husband and a family, which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady In the end, after long years of hard work an

31、d perseverance坚持, she became Americas most important woman artist and the internationally recognized leading woman painter of the time 9 How did Mr Cassatt react反响when his daughter made her announcement? A He feared for her life B He was very angry C He nearly killed her D He warned her10 What in fa

32、ct was Mr Cassatts main reason in opposing his daughters wish? A Drawing and painting was simply unthinkable among ladies in those days B He did not believe his daughter wanted to work seriously in art C He believed an artists life would be too hard for his daughter D Ladies of good families simply

33、did not become artists in those times11 What made Mary Cassatts struggle to become a recognized artist especially hard? A She was a woman B Her father opposed her C She had no social position D She did not come from an artists family12 What do we know about Mary Cassatts marriage 婚姻? A Her marriage

34、failed because she never gave a thought to her husband and family B She never married because she did not want to be just a wife and mother C After marriage she decided to give up her husband rather than her career 事业 D She did not marry because for a lady of her social position to marry below her w

35、as unthinkable13 What do we know about Robert Cassatts character from the text? A He was a cruel man B He was a stubborn 固执的 man C He knew nothing about art D He knew little about his daughter14 What do we know about Mary Cassatts character? A She was brave in going against old ideas B She got tired

36、 of always obeying her father C She hated playing at drawing and painting D She did not mind being poor at all15 As we can learn from the text, which of the following was generally considered the most important in the life of a woman in the US in Mary Cassatts times? A Money B Career C Marriage D Co

37、urage Benin Benin is one of the smallest African states It lies in West Africa on the Gulf海湾of Guinea, to the south of Burkina Faso and Niger, between Togo on the west and Nigeria on the east Benin used to be called Dahomey and was controlled and ruled by France from 1893 to 1960, when it became ind

38、ependent独立 In 1963 the army general Soglo overthrew推翻the first president Maga Soglo set up an army government and called himself head of state in 1965, but was overthrown and replaced 取代 by a civilian非军人government in 1967 In December 1969 Benin had another change of power with the army again taking

39、over接管 In May 1970, Maga and two other men set up a newgovernment, with each of them acting as president in turn for two years However, half a year after Maga turned over power to the second man Ahomadegbe, the three-man government was overthrown by the army once more and General Kerekou became pres

40、ident In November 1975 Kerekou changed the name of the nation from Dahomey to Benin, Benin being the name of a 17th century kingdom covering the same place Kerekou also announced that Benin would be a Peoples Republic based on Marxism-Leninism 16 Which of the following maps shows rightly the positio

41、ns of Benin and its neighbouring countries? Bn = Benin ; Tg = Togo ; Nr = Niger ; BF = Burkina Faso ; Na = Nigeria ; GG = Gulf of Guinea17 For how long was Benin under France? A For over a century B For roughly a century C For over half a century D Under half a century18 For how long was Benin an in

42、dependent state before it became a Peoples Republic? A15 years B25 years C20 years D30 years19 Choose the right order in which the following people ruled in Benin Ah = Ahomadegbe; Ke = Kerekou; Ma = Maga; So = Soglo A So, Ma, Ah, Ma, Ke B Ma, So, Ma, Ke, Ah C So, Ma, Ke, Ma, Ah D Ma, So, Ma, Ah, Ke2

43、0 When and how did Benin get its two namesBenin and Dahomey? A Dahomey was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Benin B Benin was its oldest name The name Dahomey was used later, but has been replaced by Benin again C Dahomey was its oldest name The name Benin was used later, but has been re

44、placed by Dahomey again D Benin was its oldest name, but it has been replaced by Dahomey 四、能力测试 It doesnt matter when or how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay alive Thats what all doctors thought, until they heard about Al Herpin Al Herpin, it was said, never slept Could thi

45、s be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves Al Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey They thought forsure that he got some sleep of some kind So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made But they were surprised Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw Herpin sleeping In fact, he did not even own