Japan日本的礼仪风俗.docx

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1、Appearance Those who dress according to their status or position impress the Japanese. Dress to impress. Men should wear dark conservative attire. Business suits are most suitable. Casual dress is never appropriate in a business setting. Shoes should be easy to remove, as you will do so often. Slip-

2、ons are the best choice. Womens dress should be conservative. Little emphasis should be placed on accessories. They should be minimal. Women should not wear pants in a business situation. Japanese men tend to find it offensive. Women should only wear low-heeled shoes to avoid towering over men. A ki

3、mono should be wrapped left over right to do otherwise symbolizes death. Remember the Japanese phrase The nail that sticks up gets hit with the hammer when considering your choices for attire in Japan. Avoid using large hand gestures, unusual facial expressions and any dramatic movements. The Japane

4、se do not talk with their hands and to do so could distract your host. Avoid the OK sign; in Japan it means money. Pointing in not acceptable. Do no blow your nose in public Personal space is valued. Because the Japanese live in such a densely populated area, they value their personal space. A smile

5、 can have double meaning. It can express either joy or displeasure. Use caution with your facial expressions. They can be easily misunderstood. The Japanese are not uncomfortable with silence. They use it to their advantage in many situations. Allow your host to sit in silence.Behavior The word for

6、toasting is kampai, pronounced kahm-pie. When toasting the glass is never left unfilled. Drinking is an important part of Japanese culture. It is a way to relieve business stress. Never pour a drink yourself; always allow someone else to do it for you. Most business entertaining is done in restauran

7、ts or bars after business hours. Often in karaoke or hostess bars. Businesswomen should not attend hostess bars. Let the host order the meal and pay. Business may be discussed at dinner during these events. Japanese rarely entertain in the home. If you are invited to the home of your Japanese host,

8、consider it a great honor and display a tremendous amount of appreciation. If you are invited to a social event, punctuality is not expected. It is the custom to be fashionably late. If you do take your host out insist upon paying. The Japanese will refuse but insist. They will prefer that you choos

9、e a Western-style restaurant when entertain them. Key phrases to learn are itadakimasu at the beginning of dinner, and gochisou-sama-deshita at the end. It is polite use these phrase and it will show you host that you have enjoyed the meal. Sumimasen (excuse-me) is a very useful term to add to your

10、vocabulary along with the phrase kekko desu (Ive had enough). It is perfectly acceptable to slurp your noodles. Doing so will exhibit your enjoyment of your food. To do otherwise, indicates that your meal was not a pleasant one. Do not openly display money. It is rare to see it given from person to

11、person in Japan. It is important to use an envelope to pass money. In Asia the number 14 is bad luck, because in Japanese it sounds like the word shuh-shuh, which sounds like the word for death. Tipping is not expected. Gift giving is very important both business and personal gifts - See internation

12、al business gift giving section. Style is tantamount. The gift itself is of little importance, the ceremony surrounding it is very important. Always wrap gifts. The selection of the wrapping paper is critical. Do not give anything wrapped in white as it symbolizes death. Do not use bright colors or

13、bows to wrap the gift. It is better to have the hotel or the store wrap the gift to ensure that it is appropriate. Do not surprise the recipient with the gift. Give your host some warning during the evening that you intend to give them a present. Give the gift with both hands and accept gifts with h

14、ands. Generally, gifts will not be opened in your presence. If your host insist that you open the gift do so gingerly. They take pride in gift wrapping, show that you appreciation the effort. Do not give gifts in odd number or the number four, as odd numbers are bad luck and four sounds like the wor

15、d for death in Japanese. Gifts should be given at the end of a visit. Do not admire anything belonging to your host too closely. The Japanese strive to please; you may be rewarded for your admiration. The most popular gift giving occasions in Japan are oseibo, which falls at the end of the year and

16、O-chugen which falls during the middle of the year. Good gift ideas include top choice beef, fruit and alcohol such as brandy, quality whiskey and Bourbon along with excellent wines. They also appreciate gifts from high-end department stores like Saks and Neiman Marcus. The Japanese frown on open di

17、splays of affection. They do not touch in public. It is highly inappropriate to touch someone of the opposite sex in public.Communications In Japan, business cards are called meishi. Japanese give and receive meishi with both hands. It should be printed in your home language on one side and Japanese

18、 on the other. Present the card with the Japanese language side up. The card will contain the name and title along with the company name, address and telephone number of the businessman. In Japan, businessmen are call sarariman. A sarariman who does not have a Take special care in handling cards tha

19、t are given to you. Do not write on the card. Do not put the card in you pocket or wallet, as either of these actions will be viewed as defacing or disrespecting the business card. Upon receipt of the card, it is important to make a photocopy of the name and title of the individual in your mind. Exa

20、mine the card carefully as a show of respect. In a business situation, business cannot begin until the meishi exchange process is complete. The customary greeting is the bow. However, some Japanese may greet you with a handshake, albeit a weak one. Do not misinterpret a weak handshake as an indicati

21、on of character. If you are greeted with a bow, return with a bow as low as the one you received. How low you bow determines the status of the relationship between you and the other individual. When you bow keep your eyes low and your palms flat next to your thighs. The business card should be given

22、 after the bow. This is very important to remember. In introductions use the persons last name plus the word san which means Mr. or Ms. The Japanese prefer to use last names. Do not request that they call you by your first name only. If you are uncertain about the pronunciation of a name, ask for as

23、sistance. Understand that the Japanese prefer not to use the word no. If you ask a question they may simply respond with a yes but clearly mean no. Understanding this is critical in the negotiation process. In Asia the number 4 is bad luck, because in Japanese it sounds like the word shuh-shuh, whic

24、h sounds like the word for death. Dress Etiquette.Business attire is conservative. .Men should wear dark-coloured, conservative business suits. .Women should dress conservatively. Body Language1.Japanese people prefer not to stand close to others.2.Try and avoid touching others.3.Do not take a smile

25、 as being a signal of happiness, the Japanese smile when mad, embarrassed, sad or disappointed.4.While sitting, dont show the bottom of your shoes.5.It is rude to talk to someone when leaving your hands in your pockets.6.Put your hand in front of your face. Make sure your palm is facing towards your

26、 face. Then wave it back and forth, this is a polite way to answer “no” or “I dont know” to a compliment.7.It is considered rude to stare at someone. Eye contact isnt polite.8.Dont lean against anything, a chair, a wall, a door, etc9.When visiting someone, sit towards the edge to show proper respect

27、 and leaning back means closeness (such as a childhood friend).Business Negotiation.The Japanese are non-confrontational. .They have a difficult time saying no, so you must be vigilant at observing their non-verbal communication.It is best to phrase questions so that they can answer yes. For example

28、, do you disagree with this? Group decision-making and consensus are important. .Written contracts are required.The Japanese often remain silent for long periods of time. Be patient and try to work out if your Japanese colleagues have understood what was said.Japanese prefer broad agreements and mut

29、ual understanding so that when problems arise they can be handled flexibly.Using a Japanese lawyer is seen as a gesture of goodwill. Note that Japanese lawyers are quite different from Western lawyers as they are much more functionary.Never lose your temper or raise your voice during negotiations.So

30、me Japanese close their eyes when they want to listen intently. .The Japanese seldom grant concession. They expect both parties to come to the table with their best offer.The Japanese do not see contracts as final agreements so they can be renegotiated.Dining EtiquetteOn the rare occasion you are in

31、vited to a Japanese house:.Remove your shoes before entering and put on the slippers left at the doorway. .Leave your shoes pointing away from the doorway you are about to walk through. .Arrive on time or no more than 5 minutes late if invited for dinner. .If invited to a large social gathering, arr

32、iving a little bit later than the invitation is acceptable, although punctuality is always appreciated. .Unless you have been told the event is casual, dress as if you were going into the office. .If you must go to the toilet, put on the toilet slippers and remove them when you are finished. Meeting

33、 Etiquette.Greetings in Japan are very formal and ritualized. .It is important to show the correct amount of respect and deference to someone based upon their status relative to your own. .If at all possible, wait to be introduced. .It can be seen as impolite to introduce yourself, even in a large g

34、athering.While foreigners are expected to shake hands, the traditional form of greeting is the bow. How far you bow depends upon your relationship to the other person as well as the situation. The deeper you bow, the more respect you show. .A foreign visitor (gaijin) may bow the head slightly, since

35、 no one expects foreigners to generally understand the subtle nuances of bowing.Gift Giving Etiquette.Gift-giving is highly ritualistic and meaningful.The ceremony of presenting the gift and the way it is wrapped is as important-sometimes more important-than the gift itself. .Gifts are given for man

36、y occasions.The gift need not be expensive, but take great care to ask someone who understands the culture to help you decide what type of gift to give. .Good quality chocolates or small cakes are good ideas. .Do not give lilies, camellias or lotus blossoms as they are associated with funerals. .Do

37、not give white flowers of any kind as they are associated with funerals. .Do not give potted plants as they encourage sickness, although a bonsai tree is always acceptable. .Give items in odd numbers, but not 9. .If you buy the gift in Japan, have it wrapped. .Pastel colours are the best choices for

38、 wrapping paper. .Gifts are not opened when received.Understanding of Foreign Ways.Japanese understand that it is very difficult for foreigners to work in Japan. They will not expect you to speak or read Japanese, or be conversant with their strict cultural nuances and protocol. .Mistakes are allowe

39、d as long as genuine respect is shown at all times.They will usually try to help you but often feel embarrassment at their own lack of understanding or English language ability. Relationships & Communication.The Japanese prefer to do business on the basis of personal relationships. .In general, bein

40、g introduced or recommended by someone who already has a good relationship with the company is extremely helpful as it allows the Japanese to know how to place you in a hierarchy relative to themselves. .One way to build and maintain relationships is with greetings / seasonal cards. .It is important

41、 to be a good correspondent as the Japanese hold this in high esteem. Business Meeting Etiquette.Appointments are required and, whenever possible, should be made several weeks in advance. .It is best to telephone for an appointment rather than send a letter, fax or email. .Punctuality is important.

42、Arrive on time for meetings and expect your Japanese colleagues will do the same.Since this is a group society, even if you think you will be meeting one person, be prepared for a group meeting. .The most senior Japanese person will be seated furthest from the door, with the rest of the people in de

43、scending rank until the most junior person is seated closest to the door. It may take several meetings for your Japanese counterparts to become comfortable with you and be able to conduct business with you. .This initial getting to know you time is crucial to laying the foundation for a successful r

44、elationship. .You may be awarded a small amount of business as a trial to see if you meet your commitments. .If you respond quickly and with excellent service, you prove your ability and trustworthiness. .Never refuse a request, no matter how difficult or non- profitable it may appear. The Japanese

45、are looking for a long-term relationship.Always provide a package of literature about your company including articles and client testimonials.Always give a small gift, as a token of your esteem, and present it to the most senior person at the end of the meeting. Your Japanese contact can advise you

46、on where to find something appropriate. GreetingsGreetings are considered to be of extreme importance in Japanese culture. Students in elementary and secondary schools are often admonished to deliver greetings with energy and vigor. A lazy greeting is regarded with the type of disdain that would acc

47、ompany a limp handshake in parts of the West.Simply walking off without saying anything is frowned upon. When parting, instead of simply saying goodbye, it is common to make a wish to meet again.The most common greetings are ohay gozaimasu (?) or good morning, used until about 11am but may be used a

48、t any time of day if it is the first occasion that day the two people have met; konnichiwa (?) which is roughly equivalent to good day or good afternoon and is used until late afternoon; konbanwa (今晩?) or good evening; and oyasumi nasai (休?) or good night. Different forms of these greetings may be used depending on the relative social statuses of the speaker and the listener.