（整理版高中英语）高考英语专题02代词和数词.doc

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1、高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题02 代词和数词【高考预测】3.代词that、it、one的用法5.历年来高考对代词的考查都是重点。试题主要反映在单项选择、完形填空以及短文改错等三个方面。尤其是it在动词之后、介词之后的虚拟用法【难点突破】难点1 代词的考查试题主要反映在单项选择、完形填空以及短文改错等三个方面。尤其是it在动动词之后、介词之后的虚拟用法1.I will chance _ whether it is possible or not. A. it B. that C. this D. one难点2 反身代词在短文改错的运用Dear Tom,Im glad to hear th

2、at you are coming soon. I had just 1. read an ad for house sale, which you might be interesting in. 2. Im writing yourself about what it says. 3. 【变式探究】1 We have made a rule to practise oral English whenever and wherever possible.A. it; its B. it; it C. that; it D. it; /答案: D解析:前者讧是形式宾语；后者疑问副词接形容词，可

3、以用 it is。2. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are .A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers【错误解答】 A【错解分析】 此题是考查形容词性、名词性物主代词和代词宾格、所有格的用法区别。按照题意，剩下的是某人的邮票，要用物主代词，当物主代词后没有名词时，用名词性物主代词。【正确解答】 B4.Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. Why ? John is sitting th

4、ere doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 尽管是指“我，但在口语中，单独说“我时，一般用me。【正确解答】 D【特别提醒】1.英汉差异。英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不翻译。例如: Jack took off his coat and went go bed (his 不能省略) 2.“of+名词性物主代词用作定语。例如: Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.Thatcarof hers is a1ways breaing down. 3.“

5、形容词性物主代词+own+名词表示强调，在own前还可加very表示进一步的强调。 例如: Its nice if a man can have his own car.I want to have my very own car.4.“a(an，Some，any) +名词+ of ones own表示“某人自己的的意思。名词前可以用this,that,these,four,those,several,another,no,whieh等修饰，但不能用定冠词the。例如:【变式探究】Is your camera like Bills and Anns?No, but its almost the

6、 same as . A. her B. yours C. them D. their答案: D 解析:their=their cameras，用作名词性物主代词。2 Jack is one of those men who I am sure always do best even in the most difficult situations. A. his B. your C. their D. ones答案: C解析:和前文的those保持一致。3 The idea for the new machine came to Mr. Baker to his invention rece

7、ntly.A. while devoting B. while devoted C. while he was devoted D. while devoting himseff答案: C解析:devote oneself to sth.和be devoted to sth.都可以表达，但此题的逻辑主语是the idea，所以选项D是错误的。2. She doesnt know anyone here. 5he has got to talk to.A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one【错误解答】A【错解分析】此题出现错误的情况是对题意的不理解。

8、根据前文的意思，没有一个认识的人，是完全否认，你们，后一句也应该是完全否认。【正确解答】 D4. It is easy to do the repair _ _ you need is a hammer and some mails.A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything【错误解答】D【错解分析】选项D的干扰性最强，意思是“每一样东西，但根据表语可以排除。句子的谓语是is，可以排除C项。全句意为“修这个东西很容易，你所有所需要的就是一把锤子和一些钉子，那么，“所有所需要的而不是“所需的一些东西了，排除A项。【正确解答】B5. We had three

9、 sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for . A. none B. either C. any D. each6.One weeks time has been wastea. I cant believe we did all that work for _ .A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything【特别提醒】易混不定代词的用法区别:二者都可用作名词(作主语或宾语)，也可用作形容词(作定语)来修饰可数名词或不可数名词。(1)some一般用于肯定句中。当some用于单

10、数可数名词前时，表示某一(个)，与数字连用那么表示“大概，大约的意思，用于疑问句时，表示说话人希望得到肯定的答复，或表示请求，建议。例如:Ive read the story in some book. (某一本)Some girl. is waiting for you at the school gate.(某个)The country has exported some two million bikes this year. ( 大约 )May I have some water? (表示请求) Would you like some apples? (邀请) (2)any多用于疑问句

11、，否认句和条件句中。在肯定句中，any表示“任何的，修饰单数可数名词。也可用作状语，表示程度。例如: both两者都，all三者或三者以上，全体；在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。 (1)all除了指人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；还可指物，表示“所有，一切，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，也可用来修饰不可数名词。例如:All but one are present.(作主语，指人，谓语动词用复数)All is over with him.(作主语，指物，谓语动词用单数)I have forgotten all about it(作宾语)All hope has gone.(修饰不可数名词)They

12、 all agree to stay here.(作同位语) (2)many a + 可数名词单数，表示“许多。在名词前如果有冠词或指示代词等词时，要用many of或much of结构，例如: Many a student has gone to the cinema.Many of the/my books are English.(1)each强调个体，在句子中充当定语，主语，宾语和同位语，指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个。例如: Each room can seat at least fifty people. Each of the students will get a new

13、 book. Each student will get a new bookThe students each will get a new book.There are trees and flowers on each side of the street. ( 街道只有两边，不能用every)(2)every强调整体，在句中只能作定语，指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。还可以表示“每隔构成“every+数词+复数名词，“every + few + 复数名词，“every + other + 单数名词，“every +序数词 + 单数名词，例如:Every one has stron

14、g and weak points.Every student has told a story.every three weeks 每隔三个星期，每隔两个星期every other week = every second week 每隔一星期every few weeks(不能说evesry a few weeks)每隔几个星期6.either 和neithereither指“两个人或物中的任何一个，表示肯定意义，neither指“两个人或物一个也不，表示否认意义。这两个词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。当either of作主语时，动词一般用单数形式，但在否认句和疑问句中，动词也常用复数，特别

15、在口语中，如:7.no和 noneEither of them is good enough. I dont think either of them are at home.(1)no表示“不“无只能作定语，修饰不可数名词或可数名词单复数，相当于not any或not a。例如:There is no water in the bottle.(2)none表示“没有人，任何人也不用作名词，相当于no one或not any，常同of连用，构成“Noneof.结构，none作可数名词用时，指三者或三者以上，作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可，none作不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，none在句中

16、作主语或宾语，不作定语，不与名词连用，例如:None of books are (is) interesting.注意:none but+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，例如:None but wolves walk like that.除非狼才会那么走。none和noone的区别:none答复以howmanymuch引导的特殊疑问句或“any of + 限定词 + 名词或表一定范围的一般疑问句，no one答复以who引导的特殊疑问句及含有anybody或无限定范围的一般问句，简言之， none表示数量，no one表示没有人，例如: How many students are ther

17、e in the classroom now?None.How any of you ever been to the Great Wall?None.Who can answer the question?No one.【变式探究】1 Do you want fish or chicken?_. I dont really mind. A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither 答案: C解析:根据句意“不介意，那么无论什么都可以了。2.If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay _ 30

18、dollars. A. another B. other C. more D. each 答案: A解析:another接数词表示“再一，more的位置在数词前。3.One of the side of the board should be painted yellow, and_ .A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white 答案: C解析:木板只有两面，另一面是特指。易错点3 代词出at、it、one的用法1. Im moving to the country because

19、the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.A. ones B. one C. that D. those【错误解答】 B【错解分析】 在比拟状语从句中，指代前文的可数名词单数形式用that或the one，复数形式用 those,而不可数名词那么用that.这里比拟的是air，所以用that.2.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will always treasureA.that 3. I like in the autumn wh

20、en the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one【错误解答】 B或D【错解分析】 此题中like是及物动词，需要宾语。此处it指模糊的情形或环境，没有具体的指代，是虚词。其余的选项都是错误的。再如典型例题套中的一题:I like _ here?Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice! A. this B. these C. it D. that【正确解答】 C【特别提醒】1.代词it,they与替代词one,ones

21、,the one,the ones,that,those 的用法区别:(1)it指代前面提到过的事物，they是它的复数形式。(2)one替代单数名词，表示不特定的名词，也就是指泛指，ones是它的复数形式。(3)the one替代前面的单数名词，表示特指，往往其后带动定语，the ones是它的复数形式。(4)that既可替代单数可数名词,也可以替代不可数名词,假设替代单数名词时,相当于the one.(5)those 替代复数名词,相当于the ones.例如:Your story is interesting, but I dont I ike it. (句 1)This story i

22、s an interesting one. ( 句 2 )I havent a computer. I want to buy one next year. (句 2)The dictionary on the desk is much better than that (the one) on the shelf. (句 3)The population in China is much larger than that in America. (句 4)The conditions are like those in the real spaceship. (句 5)The weather

23、 in Beijing is much colder than that in Huanggang in winter. (句 4)Students in our class are more hard working than those in Mr. smiths class. (句 5)There is only one computer of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it for my daughter. (句 1) (5)指代整个句子的内容；例如:Our team won the football match .Have you

24、heard about it?(6)用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，对这些习惯用语只能从整体上来理解；例如: I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. Well foot it. As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 7oclock.【变式探究】1 oung people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in .A. the other B. some other C. others D. those others答案: C解

25、析:在其他方面。2 I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortu nately _couldnt spare me even one minute.A. they B. one C. who D. it答案: A解析:泛指所有的朋友(都抽不出时间)。3 When shall we meet again?Make it _ day you like. Its all the same to me.A. one B. any C. another D. some答案: B解析:从Its all the same to me.看出，随便

26、哪天都可以。4 Why dont we take a little break? Didnt we just have ?A. it B. that C. one D. this答案: C 解析:替代“休息一次，是泛指。2.As a result of destroying the forests, a large of the desert covered the land.A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have【错误解答】 C【错解分析】 a large number of后面要接复数名词，所以选项

27、C是错误的。A large quantity表示单数，谓语动词用has.【正确解答】 B4. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away【特别提醒】 (1)hundred,thousand,million,billion,score,dozen前有数词，后接of连接名词时，表示不具体的量，加复数。例如:five hu

28、ndred peopletwo score applestens of thousands ofmillions of (4)固定短语one at a time 一次一个地one by one 一个一个地by the dozen以打计by the hundred以百计in tens十个十个地one in (out of)ten 十个中的一个World War Two/the Second World War第二次世界大战(1)语法一致:主语一致为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式，主语为复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。例如He is a boy.They are boys.(2)意义一致:主语形式上是

29、单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式，或主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义，那么谓语动词也采用单数形式。例如: My family were watching TV at 8 oclock.My family has moved three times.(3)就近原那么:谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。例如:There is a book, two pens and three pencil-boxes on the desk.There are two pens, a book and three pencil boxes on the desk.【变式探究】3 When

30、and where to build the new factory yet.A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided答案: A解析:When and where to build the new factory所指的是一件事，因此动词用单数形式。【高考突破】 1 You asked us to send you our price and catalogue for the season. Im sure you will find plenty to interest you in

31、 . A. it B. this C. one D. those答案: A解析:指代前文的our price and catalogue.2 Dont always be in a hurry! A little delay will give_ to prepare.A. it B. one C. some D. that答案: B3 Mr.Green asked the pupilst write on _ line, Alice just wrote on _ lines very carelessly.A. every the second; every few B. every ot

32、her; every a few C. every second; every few D. every two;every a few答案: C解析:在every.短语中，常用few而不是a few.4 Why didnt you have dinner out in a restaurant last night?We couldnt because of us money in hand.A. all; didnt have B. none; had any C. everyone; had to D. nobody; had any7 Where can we have supper

33、tonight? Oh, if you dont mind, we can do it at _ of the restaurants. A. all B. every C. any D. each答案: C 解析:“任何一家都可以。 8 I saw no more than one motor - car in that shop. Will you go and buy No, Id rather find _ in other shops.A. one; one B. it; it C. one; it D. it; one答案: D解析:no more than one表示“只有一部车

34、。9 Which side can I sit on the boat? If you sit still, you can sit on _ .A. neither side B. every side C. both side D. either side答案: D解析:两边中的任何一边。10 Now that the new disks have been bought,_ _ will you do with these old ?A. how; ones B. what; those C. how; those D. what; ones答案: D解析:替代词有前置修饰语时，不可用t

35、hose。14 Animals do not “talk with words. They use smells, sounds and movements to communicate with animal.A. any other B. another C. each other D. the other答案: C解析:eachother这里不是“相互而是“每一种别的的意思。15 _ _ friends Betty had made there _ _ all invited to her birthday party.A. A few; was B. The few; were C.

36、Few; were D. Few of; was答案: B解析:前面特指，friends是复数，所以谓语动词也 用复数。16 Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to buy _ .A. this B. one C. it D. those答案: C解析:前文中的that是关键词。17 The club has _ meeting, held every other Wednesday.A. a weekly B. an annual C. monthly D. a fortnightly答案: A解析:由every other Wednesday

37、可推断。 21 What is the man, do you know? I dont know exactly. But I think he can be but a teacher.A. anybody B. something C. anything D. everybody答案: C解析:anything but意为“绝对不。22 Will you be sent abroad for further studies?I have !A. such no luck B. no such luck C. no such a luck D. not such a luck答案: B解析

38、:such和all，no，several，many，one连用时， 置于其后；no相当于not a或not any，所以不和a连用。23 Is there anyone who is going to the Great Wall? _.A. None B. No one C. No D. Not any答案: A解析:none表示数量，no one表示没有人。27 I just want an umbrella, so will do.A. anyone B. one C. any one D. it答案: C解析:选项A指人。28 Have you finished all of the

39、exercises? Yes, completely. _ is left.A. Nothing B. No one C. Neither D. None答案: D解析:完全否认。29 When shall we meet again?Make it _ day you like it; its all the sameto me. A. one B. any C. another D. some答案: B解析:后文说“对我都一样，所以是“任何一天都可以。30 E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communica

40、tion. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play答案: A解析:主语是单数E-mail.34 The best job is _ which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject.A. something B. the one C. one D. it答案: C解析:泛指某个。35 Every train and steamboat here during the holiday crowded to great

41、est capacity.A. was; their B. was; its C. were; their D. were; its答案: Bevery修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，代词同样保持一致。36 This machine is no better than that one.You are right. Evidently we have to buy _A. this one B. that one C. neither D. both答案: C解析:句意为“一个都不买，两者的全部否认。37 I dont like this pair of gloves. Will you show me ?A. another B. the others C. some others D. other ones答案: A41 You have booked ona four oclock flight? What chance _ of taking an earlier plane?A. there