高级中学英语主谓一致讲解及练习进步.doc

^` 高中英语主谓一致 （一）主谓一致的应用 1．名词作主语 1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如： His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。 2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The police are searching for the thief. 4）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如： Three years has passed since then. 5）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. 6）如果主语有more than one很多 非常…或many a许多……构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 7）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： A pair of shoes was on the desk. 8）this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如： This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous. 9）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如： The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于1980年。) The（These）glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。） 10）all，most, half, rest of看of后面的词，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如： All of my classmates like music. All of the water is gone. 11)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture. 2．由连接词连接的名词作主语 1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises. 2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由引导词前面的主语而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. ３）以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如： Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. Either you or he is to go. 3．代词作主语 1）关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如： Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 2）疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如： Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu. Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu. What produce(s) heat ? 4．分数、量词作主语 1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如： Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women. 和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数”谓语用复数译为大量，许多，the number of中心词是number,谓语用单数，译为…的数量 A number of students have gone home. The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 注意：(large)quantities of……不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如： Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table. 短语in quantity, in large quantities意为“大量”；in small quantities意为“少量”。 2）a great deal of , a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如： A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table. 5．名词化的形容词作主语 如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等； The blind study in special schools. The poor live in a undeveleped country 6．从句作主语 1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，反之，单数。例如： What we need is more time. What we need are doctors. 1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter. A. hundreds people B. hundred people C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples 2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble. A. am B. is C. are D. be 4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all. A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is 5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up. A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them 6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city. A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited 7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now. A. is B. was C. are D. were 8. Mathematics _______ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 12. The whole family _______ TV attentively. A. are watching B. is watching C. is seeing D. are seeing 13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday. A. was B. were C. have been D. would be 14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. A. were B. was C. is D. sits 15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe. A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D. have not been preserved 16. There ______ little change in that middle school. A. have B. had C. have been D. has been 17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all. A. going to be B. / C. is D. that 18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water. A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered 19. The following ______ some other mental diseases. A. being B. are C. was D. were 20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out. A. are B. is C. am D. were 21. “ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history. A. have told B. tells C. were told D. was told 22. You and I _____ twin sisters. A. were B. are C. is D. am 23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers. A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given 24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time. A. rots away B. rot away C. has rotted away D. are rotted away 25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium. A. is cleaning B. are cleaning C. were cleaning D. have cleaned 26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln. A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are known 27. The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away. A. were B. has been C. had been D. was 28. “ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？” “______ .” A. Nobody of us has B. Nobody of us have C. None of us has D. None of us did 29. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position. A. were advancing B. were advanced C. was advancing D. advancing 30. Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games. A. is enjoy B. were enjoying C. enjoys D. enjoy 1.解析：选B. hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s 2. 解析：选D. 当either …or 连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。 3. 解析：选A. who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I , 所以谓语动词要用am. 4. 解析：选D. 主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 5.解析：选C. there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。 6. 解析：选A. 主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。 7. 解析：选A. 主语Stories of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 8. 解析：选C. 此处mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 9. 解析：选B. both----and---连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。 10.解析：选C. either 是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either要数上保持一致。 11.解析：选B. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。 12.解析：选A. 此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。 13. 解析：选A. 此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 14. 解析：选A. 此句为倒装句，句子的主语是a soldier and two young people. 15. 解析：选B. 此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式. 16. 解析：选D. 此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词。 17. 解析：选C. 本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。 18. 解析：选A. 本句缺谓语，主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。 19. 解析：选B. 本句的表语 是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。 20.解析：选C. 根据 就近一致性原则，谓语用am. 21. 解析：选B. 本句的主语是书名，从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。 22. 解析：选B. 用and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用非第三人称单数形. 23.解析：选B. 本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。 24.解析：选B. 本句主语是tons, 是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。 25.解析：选A. 本句主语Mayor是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。 26. 解析：选B.主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。 27. 解析：选D. 主语works 是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。 Long ago 表示过去. 28. 解析：选C. 因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态回答，另外主语不可用nobody of us. 29.解析：选A. 主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。 30. 解析：选C. 本句主语是不定代词everyone，为单数主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。 练习：主谓一致 　　1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. A.am B.is C.are D.be 　　2. The rich ____ not always happy. 　　A.are B.is C.has D.have 　　3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students. 　　A.are B.am C.is D.was 　　4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China. 　　A. are studying B. have studied C. studiesD. study 　　5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home. 　　A.am B.is C.are D.be 　　6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters., 　　A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is 　　7. Every boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party. 　　A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like 　　8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants. 　　A.was B.is C. would be D.are 　　9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world. 　　A.is B.are C.has D.have 　　10. Every means ____ tried but without any result. 　　A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been 　　11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule. 　　A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished 　　12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon. 　　A.is B.was C.are D.is being 　　13. The great writer and professor____. 　　A. is an old man B. are both old men 　　C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese 　　14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. 　　A.are B.is C.has D.have 　　15. A large number of students in our class____ girls. 　　A. are B. was C. is D. be 　　16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are. 　　A. doesn t change B.dont change C.change D.changed 　　17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English. 　　A. is B. are C. was D. were 　　18. Chairman Mao s works ____ published. 　　A. has been B.have been C.was D.is 　　19. A chemical works____ built there. 　　A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been 　　20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years. 　　A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five 　　21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world. 　　A.is B.are C.was D.were 　　22.He is the only one of die students who ____ elected. 　　A. are B.have C.has D.is 　　23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked. 　　A.have B.has C. have been D.has been 　　24.Many a man ____ come to help us. 　　A.have B.has C.is D.are 　　25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said. 　　A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are 　　26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. 　　A. is searching for B. were searching for 　　C. are searching for D. were searching 　　27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed. 　　A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them 　　28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him. 　　A.is B.be C.are D.were 　　29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table. 　　A.is B.are C.has D.have 　　30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four. 　　A.is B.are C.get D.equal 　　31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. 　　A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes 　　32.____of the money____ nm out. 　　A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been 　　C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have 　　33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively. 　　A. are listening to B. is listening to 　　C.are listening D. is listening 　　34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult. 　　A.is B.are C.was D.were 　　35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building. 　　A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are 　　36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation. 　　A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need 　　37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all. 　　A. is B.was C.are D.all 　　38.What we need____ good textbooks. 　　A.is B.are C.have D.has 　　39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing. 　　A.have something to at B. has something to do with 　　C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with 　　40. More than one member ____ against the plan. 　　A. is B.are C.has D.have 　　41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. 　　A. has not decided B. is not decided 　　C. are not decided D. have not decided 　　42. Half of the fruit ____ bad. 　　A. are B. has C. is D. have 　　43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently? 　　A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 　　44. Mathematics ____ the language of science. 　　A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 　　45. My family ____ small. 　　A. is B. were C. are D. makes 　　46. The following