Lecture-2-The-Renaissance-Period英美文学课件.ppt

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1、Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Historical Background Renaissance in Europe: 14th - mid-17thSlow in reaching England, Why? separation from the continent domestic unrest:1st, Wars of the Roses: 1455-1485 (aristocrats)2nd, Hundred Years War: 14th-15th (Bri-Fran)The old aristocracy was wiped out.Lectu

2、re 2 The Renaissance Period King Henry VIII of the Tudor House (1509-1547)Roman Catholic Church Church of England Religious ReformationLecture 2 The Renaissance Period Queen Elizabeth (Tudor) (1558- 1603)“Balance”the rising middle class - feudal lordsProtestants - Catholics1588English navySpanish na

3、vyLecture 2 The Renaissance Period The word “Renaissance” means revival or rebirth, and in this particular context, it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after long years of neglect in the medieval time.“Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period. Roman

4、 Catholic Church.”Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Humanism: Humanism is both the keynote of the Renaissance and the intellectual liberation movement. The humanists took interest in human life and human activities and gave expression to the new feeling of a

5、dmiration for human beauty, human achievement. Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Chief Achievements1.Poetry:prosperous“a nest of singing birds”sonnet2. Drama:Marlowe, Ben Jonson, Shakespeareblank verseLondon- centre of drama performanceLecture 2 The Renaissance Period Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period

6、 Edmund Spenser(1552- 1599)Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period The Faerie Queeneincomplete English epic poemLecture 2 The Renaissance Period This masterpiece is dedicated to Queen Elizabeth.Spenser plans 12 books, each one with a hero standing for a different moral virtue.Largely symbolic, the poem fol

7、lows several knights in their adventures to test their virtues: Holiness, Friendship, Justice, Courtesy, etc.The two main characters that serves as the unity of the book are Arthur & Gloriana.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Comments on him:Spenser was the greatest non-dramatic poet of the Elizabeth

8、an Age. Spenser has been called the “poets poet”, because of his idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody. Spenser has exerted great influence on later poets. Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Marlowes Educationshoemakers fa

9、mily in CanterburyeducationKings SchoolLatin act in classical playsCambridgeM. A. in 1587Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Representative works: Tamburlaine the Great (1587-1588) The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus (1589) The Jew of Malta (1590) “The passionate shepherd to his love”Lecture 2 The R

10、enaissance Period Achievements:Marlowes greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English drama. His second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.His work paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dram

11、atist- Shakespeare. Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Blank verse refers to verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. It is a very popular verse form in English poetry. It was extensively employed in English poetry of the Renaissance.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period The Tragical History of Doctor

12、FaustusAdapted from a popular old German legendTired with the study of Medieval knowledge (Theology, Philosophy, Medicine, Law), Dr. Faustus turns to magic book and signs a contract with the devil Mephistopheles. He sells his soul to the devil on the condition that the latter will satisfy every dema

13、nd of his for a period of 24 years.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Then a series of adventures and romances follow the signing of the contract. First his romance with a woman, then his visit to Alexander the Great and later a visit from Helen of Troy.The play ends with Faustus forced surrender of h

14、is soul to the devil.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Was this the face that launchd a thousand ships,And burnt the topless towers of Ilium-Sweet Helen, make me immortal with a kiss.-Her lips suck forth my soul: see, where it flies!-Come, Helen, come, give me my soul again.Here will I dwell, for hea

15、ven is in these lips,And all is dross that is not Helena.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Born: 23 April 1564 Birthplace: Stratford-upon-Avon, England Died: 23 April 1616 Best Known As: Playwright, poet, actorLecture 2 The Renaissance Period Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Generally, his dramatic c

16、areer is divided into four periods.1) Apprenticeship:History playsComedies2) Individualized:History playsComediesTragediesLecture 2 The Renaissance Period 3) Great tragediesFour tragediesDark comedies4) Romantic tragicomediesLecture 2 The Renaissance Period 2 long narrative poems154 sonnetsLecture 2

17、 The Renaissance Period sonneta lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length, iambic pentameters in EnglishThe English/ Shakespearean sonnet comprises three quatrains and a couplet, rhyming ababcdcdefef gg.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Archaic wordsthou: you (subject)thee: you (object)t

18、hy: your art: arehath: has Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Sonnet 18我能否将你比作夏天？我能否将你比作夏天？ 你比夏天更美丽温婉。你比夏天更美丽温婉。 狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残， 夏日的勾留何其短暂。夏日的勾留何其短暂。 休恋那丽日当空，休恋那丽日当空， 转眼会云雾迷蒙。转眼会云雾迷蒙。 休叹那芳艳飘零，休叹那芳艳飘零， 催折于无常的天命。催折于无常的天命。 唯有你永恒的夏日常新，唯有你永恒的夏日常新， 你的美貌亦毫发无损。你的美貌亦毫发无损。 死神也无缘将你幽禁，死神也无缘将你幽禁， 你在我永恒的诗中长存

19、。你在我永恒的诗中长存。 只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见，只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见， 这诗就将不朽，使你的生命绵延。这诗就将不朽，使你的生命绵延。 Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Shall I compare you to my love?You are more adorable and more brave;Ever since the first day weve met,I fell for you at first sight;Seeing you, thinking about you, missing you,Eternity is my pro

20、mise for you;Two roads diverged in our journey,And sorry I could not be there for thee;If its our fate to be student and teacher,You will find me by your side forever;Its hard, its deep, its dark,But you have wonders to embark;Holding your hand, touching your heart,As long as we can breathe we will

21、never be apart.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Romeo and JulietRomeo and Juliets Plot:There are two families in Italy who share mutual hostility to each other. One is Montague; the other is Capulet. One day Romeo Montague participated in a fancy dress party held by Capulet home, where he met Juliet

22、 Capulet and they fell in love with each other at first sight.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Romeo and Juliet secretly got married with the help of the priest, who hopes to eliminate the long-standing hatred between the two families. Later, Romeo killed Juliets cousin and was punished by expulsion

23、. Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period After hearing the bad news, Juliet comes to the Father for help, who helps her drink a poison to pretend committing suicide but can wake up 42 hours later. Romeo arrives at the church in a hurry. Believing Juliet has already died he drinks a toxic drug and kills hi

24、mself. When Juliet wakes up, she also chooses to take her own life. In the end, the younger generations love tragedy leads to the reconciliation between two families.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period ROMEO But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. Aris

25、e, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief, That thou her maid art far more fair than she: Be not her maid, since she is envious; Her vestal livery is but sick and green And none but fools do wear it; cast it off. It is my lady, O, it is my love! O, that she knew

26、 she were! Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period She speaks yet she says nothing: what of that? Her eye discourses; I will answer it. I am too bold, tis not to me she speaks: Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven, Having some business, do entreat her eyes To twinkle in their spheres till they return

27、. What if her eyes were there, they in her head? The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars, As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heaven Would through the airy region stream so bright That birds would sing and think it were not night. See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand! O, that I we

28、re a glove upon that hand, That I might touch that cheek! Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period JULIET Ay me! ROMEO She speaks: O, speak again, bright angel! for thou art As glorious to this night, being oer my head As is a winged messenger of heaven Unto the white-upturned wondering eyes Of mortals that

29、 fall back to gaze on him When he bestrides the lazy-pacing clouds And sails upon the bosom of the air. Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period JULIET O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name; Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And Ill no longer be a Capulet. R

30、OMEO Aside Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this? Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period JULIET Tis but thy name that is my enemy; Thou art thyself, though not a Montague. Whats Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot, Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part Belonging to a man. O, be some other name! Whats

31、 in a name? that which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet; So Romeo would, were he not Romeo calld, Retain that dear perfection which he owes Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name, And for that name which is no part of thee Take all myself. Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Lect

32、ure 2 The Renaissance Period Act II Scene IIBut, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?小声些！窗口那透出的是什么光亮？小声些！窗口那透出的是什么光亮？It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.那是东方，朱丽叶就是太阳。那是东方，朱丽叶就是太阳。Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,升起来吧，美丽的太阳，杀掉那嫉妒的月亮，升起来吧，美丽的太阳，杀掉那嫉妒的月亮，Who is already sick and pa

33、le with grief,That thou her maid art far more fair than she:她因为她的女侍比她美丽得多，便难过得面色惨白：她因为她的女侍比她美丽得多，便难过得面色惨白： Be not her maid, since she is envious; 她如此善妒，不要做她的信徒；她如此善妒，不要做她的信徒；Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Her vestal livery is but sick and green她所能给的贞洁的道袍是惨绿的颜色她所能给的贞洁的道袍是惨绿的颜色 And none but fools do

34、 wear it; cast it off.只有愚人才肯穿；把它脱掉吧。只有愚人才肯穿；把它脱掉吧。It is my lady, O, it is my love!是我的小姐，啊！是我的爱人是我的小姐，啊！是我的爱人O, that she knew she were!啊！我但愿她知道她是我的爱人。啊！我但愿她知道她是我的爱人。She speaks yet she says nothing: what of that?她说话了，又好像是没说什么：那又有什么关系？她说话了，又好像是没说什么：那又有什么关系？Her eye discourses; I will answer it.她的眼睛在说话；我

35、要回答她。她的眼睛在说话；我要回答她。Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period I am too bold, tis not to me she speaks:我太鲁莽了，她不是在对我说话：我太鲁莽了，她不是在对我说话：Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven,Having some business, do entreat her eyesTo twinkle in their spheres till they return.天上两颗最灿烂的星，因公外出，在归位之前央求她的天上两颗最灿烂的星，因公外出，在归位之前央求她的眼

36、睛代替他们在星座中闪烁。眼睛代替他们在星座中闪烁。What if her eyes were there, they in her head?如果她的眼睛放在星座里，星嵌在她的头上，那又有何如果她的眼睛放在星座里，星嵌在她的头上，那又有何不可呢？不可呢？The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars,她的脸上的光辉可以使群星惭愧，她的脸上的光辉可以使群星惭愧，Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heavenWould through t

37、he airy region stream so bright恰似白昼可以使灯光失色一般；恰似白昼可以使灯光失色一般；她的眼睛会在天空闪出一片亮光她的眼睛会在天空闪出一片亮光That birds would sing and think it were not night.鸟儿会以为夜色已阑而开始歌唱。鸟儿会以为夜色已阑而开始歌唱。See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand!看！她手托着香腮的样儿有多俏：看！她手托着香腮的样儿有多俏：O, that I were a glove upon that hand,啊！我愿化身为她手上的一只手套，啊！我愿化身

38、为她手上的一只手套，That I might touch that cheek!那样便可抚摸她的香腮了。那样便可抚摸她的香腮了。Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period JULIET Ay me!哎呀！哎呀！ROMEO She speaks:她说话了：她说话了：O, speak again, bright angel! for thou artAs glorious to this night, being oer my headAs is a winged messenger of heavenUnto the white-upturned wondering eye

39、sOf mortals that fall back to gaze on himWhen he bestrides the lazy-pacing cloudsAnd sails upon the bosom of the air.啊！再说下去，光明的天使；因为在这夜间，你高高在我头上啊！再说下去，光明的天使；因为在这夜间，你高高在我头上，恰似生翅膀的天使一般明亮，使尘世的众生翻着白眼，惊得，恰似生翅膀的天使一般明亮，使尘世的众生翻着白眼，惊得倒退，看你踏着懒洋洋的白云在天空驶过。倒退，看你踏着懒洋洋的白云在天空驶过。Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period JULI

40、ET O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?啊罗密欧，罗密欧！你为什么是罗密欧？啊罗密欧，罗密欧！你为什么是罗密欧？Deny thy father and refuse thy name;否认你的父亲，放弃你的姓氏；否认你的父亲，放弃你的姓氏；Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,如果你不肯，那么只消发誓做我的爱人，如果你不肯，那么只消发誓做我的爱人，And Ill no longer be a Capulet.我便不再是一个卡帕莱特家的人。我便不再是一个卡帕莱特家的人。ROMEO Aside Shal

41、l I hear more, or shall I speak at this?旁白旁白我听下去呢？还是就此开始说话？我听下去呢？还是就此开始说话？Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period JULIET Tis but thy name that is my enemy;只是你的姓氏成为我的仇敌；只是你的姓氏成为我的仇敌；Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.你就是不姓蒙特鸠，你还是你自己。你就是不姓蒙特鸠，你还是你自己。Whats Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot,蒙特鸠是什么？不是手，不是

42、脚，蒙特鸠是什么？不是手，不是脚， Nor arm, nor face, nor any other partBelonging to a man. O, be some other name!不是臂，不是脸，也不是人身上任何其他一部分。啊！不是臂，不是脸，也不是人身上任何其他一部分。啊！换另外一个姓吧换另外一个姓吧!Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Whats in a name? that which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweet;姓算得什么？我们所谓的玫瑰，换个名字，姓算得什么？我

43、们所谓的玫瑰，换个名字，还是一样的香；还是一样的香；So Romeo would, were he not Romeo calld,Retain that dear perfection which he owesWithout that title. Romeo, doff thy name,And for that name which is no part of theeTake all myself.所以罗密欧，如果不叫罗密欧，名字虽然换掉，依旧所以罗密欧，如果不叫罗密欧，名字虽然换掉，依旧可以保持他的那份优秀。罗密欧，放弃你那个名姓，可以保持他的那份优秀。罗密欧，放弃你那个名姓，那名

44、姓不是你的一部分，为弥补这名姓的损失请把我那名姓不是你的一部分，为弥补这名姓的损失请把我整个自己拿了去吧。整个自己拿了去吧。Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period Shakespeare in LoveThe best movie of 71st OscarLecture 2 The Renaissance Period Shakespeares Achievements1. Shakespeare represented the trend of history in giving voice to the desires and aspirations of th

45、e people.In the first two periods, Shakespeare wrote a number of plays with the history of England as their background. So his plays include the whole transitional period of England from medieval time to modern time. Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period 2. Shakespeares humanism: In his early stage, his

46、plays were overflowed with optimistic spirit, no matter whether in comedies or tragedies. He had firm belief in the nobility of human nature and in the power of love. But as the years went on Shakespeare became more mature and his knowledge of human nature grew in depth. The more he knew about human

47、 nature, the more he was depressed at the ugliness of human nature. This pessimistic outlook appears in his tragedies. However, the human dramatist at last overcame spiritual crisis and recovered his faith in human nature and wrote the beautiful romances which ended his career.Lecture 2 The Renaissa

48、nce Period 3. Shakespeares characterization: In his plays he described a great number of characters, ranging from kings to clowns, and grave-diggers; from lunatics to ghosts; from lovers to man-haters. Shakespeares characters are “round”, in the sense that they have many aspects or dimensions. In hi

49、s characters, vice and virtue commingle and that is true of the common sense of humanity. Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period 4. Shakespeares originality: Shakespeare drew most of his materials from sources that were known to his audience; some from Roman dramas, some from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, an

50、d some from other writers plays. But his plays are original because he instilled into the old materials a new spirit that gives new life to his plays. The best example is Hamlet, which bears many resemblance to Thomas Kyds The Spanish Tragedy.Lecture 2 The Renaissance Period 5. Shakespeare as a grea