句子成分简单句并列句和复合句.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载语法复习一：句子成分。简洁句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分有主语和谓语。次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语： 主语是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, Ame

2、rican country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class. （代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词） To swimin the river is a great pleasure. （ 不 定 式 ） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）When we are going to h

3、ave an English testhas not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（ it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语： 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特点和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简洁谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practicesrunning every morning.2、复合谓语：（ 1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keepthe book for two weeks. Hehas c

4、aught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特点和状态， 它一般位于系动词 （如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours.（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three

5、 times seven is twenty one.（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby （爱好） is playing football.（动名词） The machine must beout of order. （介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语： 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）

6、 yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. （代词）How many dictionaries do you have. I havefive.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think （ that）he is fit for his off

7、ice.（宾语从句）宾语种类 ：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如： Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如： They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，仍要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make 等+宾语 +宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结

8、学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in .（副词）You mustn t force hitmo lend his money to you（.We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）不定式

9、短语）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结We found everything in the labin good order.（介词短语）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结We will soon make our citywhat your city is now（.从句）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结（七）定语： 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词）China is a developingcountry; America is a develope

10、dcountry. （分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （代词）Our monitor is always the firstto enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （ 动 名 词 ） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）

11、（八）状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特点的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examinatio.n（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute .（名词）Once you begin, you must

12、continue. （状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six.（时间状语）Last night she didn t go to the dancbeecpaaurtsye of the rain.（缘由状语）I shall go there if it doesn.（t r条ain件状语）Mr Smith liveson the third floor.（的点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her

13、hand.（相伴状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me

14、 the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting.5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for S

15、hanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.练习一可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - -

16、- -学习好资料欢迎下载13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say.15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address.17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a ma

17、n enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、简洁句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（确定、否定）： He is six years old; She didn t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特别、挑选、反意）：Do they like skating. How old is he. Is he six or seven years old. Marycan swim, can t she.3）祈使句： Be careful, boys; Don t talk in cl

18、ass 4）感叹句： How clever the boy is.2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简洁句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（。 ）把两个或两个以上的简洁句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he he

19、lps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句） 、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简洁句的五种基本句型1、主语 +系动词 +表语： e.g. He is a student. 2、主语 +不及物动词：e.g. We work.3、主语 +及物动词

20、+宾语： e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语 +及物动词 +双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）： e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主语 +及物动词 +复合宾语（宾语+宾补）： e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not onlybut also, neithern等or连接,。thee.ng. The teacher s nam is Smith, and the student s na

21、me is John.2、表示挑选，常用的连词有or, eitheror, other等wi。se e.g. Hurry up, or you ll miss the train.3、表示转折， 常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系， 常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g.

22、August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so everyday I work from dawn until dark.（四）高考考点探讨1、简洁句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去懂得，在书面表达中， 没有最基本的遣词造句的才能是不行能用的道的英语句子来表达清晰的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的进展趋势。3、高考对简洁句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的挑选和使

23、用上。如：and, but, or, while ，以可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，假如主句是将来时，从句就用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中常常考查。如： We

24、will go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow 。练习二、简洁句、并列句和复合句一、判定以下句子是简洁句、并列句仍是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn t there.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and

25、come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very i mportant, isn t it.9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载