(整理版高中英语)专题七英语句子的考点集汇讲解和训练.doc
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1、专题七:英语句子的考点集汇,讲解和训练【名师点睛】一. 陈述句的构成形式及根本用法1. 陈述句: 陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法包括肯定和否认的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.。Tom has a new car. The flower isnt beautiful. 2. 陈述句否认式的构成(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语局部含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,那么只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否认式。 He is playing the guitar.肯定He is not playing the guitar.否认 We can get there before dark.肯定
2、We cant get thee before dark.否认(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,那么需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加dont, doesnt或didnt。同时把该实义动词变为原形。 He plays the violin well.肯定 He doesnt play the violin well.否认 She won the game.肯定 She didnt win the game.否认(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have有,除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。例如:There i
3、s some water in the cup. There is not any water in the cup.He has some books. He has not any books.(4) 除not以外,否认词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否认句。例如:There is something wrong with his bike. There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. I have never seen the film.二. 祈使句的构成形式及根本用法 祈
4、使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感慨号“!或句号“.。朗读时一般用降调。1. 肯定的祈使句:1祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。 Be quiet. You be quiet!2“Do+祈使句表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。 Do come back at once! Do be careful.3please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余局部分开。 Open the window, please.4Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词
5、或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。 Let Jack wait a minute. Lets go to school.5在祈使句中,Lets和 Let us是有区别的。Lets包括说话者,而Let us不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。 Lets go skating, shall we?表示内部的建议 Let us try again, will you?表示向别人发出请求 2. 否认祈使句通常以Dont或Never开头。其结构通常是:“Dont(Never)+动词原形+其他成分 例如: Dont do that again! Never leave todays w
6、ork for tomorrow! Dont be late next time!三. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及根本用法1. 一般疑问句: 1一般疑问句的肯定形式 一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have有开始,通常要求以yes,或no来答复的疑问句,一般疑问句读时通常用升调。 Do you know Mr. Smith? Can you swim? 2一般疑问句的否认结构 在一般疑问句的否认结构中,把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-nt,那么须将-nt与一般疑问句句首的be, have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。
7、在实际运用中,一般都采用简略式。 Are you not a football fan? Arent you a football fan? Will she not like it? Wont she like it? 与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否认结构的答语是否认还是肯定,全由答语的否认或肯定来决定。假设答语是肯定的,那么用yes加肯定结构;假设答语是否认的,那么用no加否认结构。 Arent you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗?Yes, I am.No, I am not.Wont she like it? Yes, she will. No, she wont.
8、 2. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句构成,句子一般用倒装语序,但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时,用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no答复,读时用降调。例如:Who is on duty today? How long have you been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now?常用的特殊疑问句询问内容 疑问词或句型 例 句 回 答 职业,身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor. who Who is th
9、at boy? He is Jack.He is my brother 相貌特征 whatlike? What is she like?What does she look like? She is beautiful. 目的 whatfor? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting. 原因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend. 天气 howwhatlike? How is the weather today?What is the weat
10、her like today? Its fine. 颜色 what color? What dolor is her skirt? Its red. 服装尺寸 what size What size does he wear? He wars 40. 几点钟 what time What time is it? Its 7:30. 星期几 what day What day is today? Its Tuesday. 几号,日期 what is the date? What is the date today? Its May 2. 年龄多大 how old How old is he? H
11、e is 38. 持续多长时间多久 how long How long have you been here? For five months. 长度多长 how long How long is the bridge? Its 500 metres. 距离多远 how far How far is it from here to the zoo? Its 6 kilometres. 频度多经常 how often How often do you come back? Once a week. 时间经过多快 how soon How soon will she arrive? In an w
12、eek. 数量多少 how many可数名词how much不可数名词 How many jackets do you have?How much coffee do you want? Three.Two cups. 价格 how much How much is it?How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度多高 how tall人,树how high山,建筑物 How tall is she?How high is the tower? Shes 1.73 metres.Its 450 metres. 3. 选择疑问句: 选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或
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