（整理版高中英语）第二册Unit2Newsmedia.doc

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1、第二册Unit 2 News mediaI单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1dIfficull 2reasonabIe 3election 4relation 5interview 6spirit 7addiction 8society 9ignorance10tolerance 11concerned 12retirement 13completely 14boring/bored 15disappointed/disappointing；disappointment 16PoUute高考须掌握的短语：1up 2down 3relate to 4to 5for 6to

2、 7if 8to 9on 10change 11up 12in考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇 1difficnity n困难；难事 eg：I dont have much diffilCUlty with English grammar 我对英语语法没有多大困难。 There was little difficulty in finding his house几乎没有困难就找到了他的家。相关链接；diffjcult adj困难的 相法拓展：have some/mueh/a lot of/plenty of/little/no difficulty(in)d

3、oing sth做某事有很多/几乎没/没有困难 Theres some/lots of/plenty of/little/no difficulty(in)doing sth 在做某事上有很多/几乎没/没有困难。 have some/a lot of/little/no d|fficulty with sth在某方面有很多/几乎没/没有困难 with difficulty困难地，费事地，吃力地withOUt difficulty不费事地，轻易地特别提鼍，difficulty当“困难，难事讲时，通常用作不可数名词，也可用trouble 来代替，强调“干某事时用in doing sth，in可以省

4、略；强调“在某方面用 with sth；difficulties强调“各种困难。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1 ( 典型例题 分 ) The firemen told us the difficulty they had the fire A. to get; under control B. getting; controlled C. got; controlled D. getting; to control考题1点拨：答案为B。此题解答关键要看出the difficulty作they had的宾语，符合 have difficultyn doing这一句型，句意为：“消防人员告诉了

5、我们他们有多难才控制住火灾。2attention n注意；专心，留心eg：His cry drew our attention to the running car他的喊叫把我们的注意力吸引到那辆行驶的汽车上。 He is listening with attention他正专心地听着。相关链接：attentive adj注意的,关心的attentively adv注意地，专注地 inattentive adj不注意的，漫不经心的用法拓展；draw/catch/attract ones attention to一把注意力吸引到上来 pay attention to注意 devote ones

6、attention to专心于 call attention to唤醒对注意turn attention to将注意力转向 fix/focus ones attention on/upon将注意力集中于 bring sthto ones attention吸引某人注意某事考题2 (典型例题1 分) Much , I think, should be paid to your English study so thai you can pass the exami-nation successfully. A. influence B. heart C. approach D. attentio

7、n考题2点拨：爷案为D。解此题关键将被动向改为主动句。考查pay attention to这一固定搭配。句意为；“我认为你更应该重视你的英语学习，只有这样你才能成功通过考试。3relate vt有关，涉及eg： They are related to each other他们彼此之间有亲戚关系。 I cant reIate what he does to what he says 我没法将他做的和说的联系起来。相关链接：related adj有联系的，相关的，有亲戚关系的relation n关系，联系relationship n亲戚关系，关系 reIative adj相关的，相对的 n亲戚，亲

8、属用法拓展：relateto把与联系起来be related to与有关系 relate to涉及特别提醒：relation和relative都有“亲戚或亲属之意，两者可通用，但relative更常用些。relateto常用作被动语态be related to。考题3 (典型例题分 ) The word moon is an ancient word month. A. joined with B. joined to C. relating to D. related to专题3点拨：答案为D。此题考查be related to与有关系。句意为：“moon这个单词是个古代的词，它与单词mon

9、th有联系。 4inform vt通知，告知 eg：He informed tham of his arrival他通知他们他到了。 The secretary informed the manager that the meeting had been put off 秘书通知经理会议已经推迟了。相关链接；informed adj见多识广的 information n消息，通知用法拓展；inform sbof sth通知某人某事infornasbthat告知某人 inform sb+疑问词十不定式 通知某人 be inform_ed that“被告知特别提醒:inform后不能接双宾语，必须

10、接inform sbof sth。类似的动词有： rob/retaind/cheat/warn sbof sth。考题4 ( 典型例题 1 分 ) All the passengers of the flight which was put off because of heavy fog. A. were told B. were warned C. were informed D. were noticed考题4点拨：答案为c。解此题关键明确of the flight。四个答案中只有B、c两项可以和of sth连用，但warn sbof sth与题意不符。句意为：“所有乘客都被告知，由于大

11、雾，航班被推迟。 5concern vt关系到，关于；使担忧，关心eg： This meeting mostly concemed trade and agficulture这次会议主要与农业和贸易有关。 Im not concerned about that matter any longer我再也不担忧那件事了。相关链接:concern n关心，关心U、C，关心的事c concerned adj关心的，挂念的 concerning prep关于用法拓展:concern oneself with/aboutbe concerned about/with sth担忧/关心某事 show/exp

12、ress ones concern about对表示关心/担忧 so/as far asis concerned就来说/而论考题5 (典型例题 分 ) So far as I , it is impossible to finish the task in such a short time. A. am concerned B. concern C. concerned D. concern myself考题5点拨:答案为A。此题考查so/as far as I am concerned“就我来说。句意为：“就我而言，不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务。 二、重点短语6rather than

13、而不是，与其宁愿eg： The color seems green rather than blue颜色似乎是绿的而不是蓝色的。 Rather than cause troubIe，he left他离开了，而不是惹麻烦。用法拓展：rather than而不是，与其宁愿rathe than是而不是 Wouid ratherthanprefer to dorather than宁愿而不愿特别提醒：rather than放在句中，前后词的形式一致；放在句首，当“与其宁愿讲时，其后接动词原形。考题6 (典型例题 allow the Vegetables to go bad, he sold them

14、at half price. A. Without B. More than C. Rather than D. Would rather考题6点拨：答案为c。A项为介词，在这里形式不对；B项表示“超过，多于，不仅仅；D项表示“宁愿后接句子或动词原形，一般不置于句首在这里也不适宜。句意为：。他宁愿以半价卖掉，也不愿让蔬菜烂掉。7more than超过，多于，不仅仅eg： People more than 1 8 years old have the right to vote in China 在中国公民超过18岁就有选举权。 I was more than glad to see you h

15、ere 在这里看到你，我非常快乐。 He is more than a scientist：he is aIso a poet 他不仅仅是位科学家，还是一个诗人。用法拓展；more than多于，超过，不仅仅，非常 morethan与其说(后者)不如说(前者)no more than仅仅 not more than=(at most)至多more thancan(could)不能 特掰提醒：(1)more than+n表示“不仅，不止(2)more than+数词表示“多于，超过 (3)more than+形容词表示“非常，十分(4)接含can的从句，表示“如此不能考题7 (典型例题) It

16、is a museum; its a school. A. more than B. no more than C. more like D. more than like考题7点拨：答案为A。根据句意，此处选more than表示“不仅仅。句意为：“这不仅是一个博物馆，还是一个。三、重点交际用语81 would rather一我宁愿eg： I WOUld rather have some tea我宁愿喝点茶。 They WOUld rather die than give in他宁愿死也不投降。 I WOUld rather he came tomorrow我宁愿他明天来。用法拓展：(1)W

17、ould rather+动词原形 某人宁愿(表示现在或将来的动作) (2)would rather have done宁愿干过(表示过去未曾实现的愿望) (3)Would rather not do宁愿没干 (4)Would rather not have done宁愿没干过 (5)Would rather that sbdid宁愿某人干 (6)would rather that sbhad done宁愿某人干过 (7)would rather dothan do某人宁愿做也不愿做特别提醒:would rather后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。指现在或将来用一般过去式；指过去用过

18、去完成式。考题8-1 ( 典型例题分 ) I would rather at home than out in such a rainy day. A. stay; go B. to stay; to go C. stay; to go D. to stay; go 考题8-2(典型例题分)-Who would you rather the Olympic Maths Competition? -Li Hua, I think, is the best choice. A. have attended B. hav.e attend C. attending D. to attend专题81点

19、拨：答案为A。此题考查would rather dothan do一句意为：“在这样的下雨天，我宁愿呆在家里，也不愿出去。考题8-2点拨：答案为B。解此题关键是将题干复原为陈述句。You would rather have who do sth答案一目了然。句意为：“你让谁去参加数学奥林匹克竞赛?“我认为，李华是最好人选。四、重点句型9This/It/That is the first/second/thirdlast time that这是某人第一次 (二次，三次最后一次)干某事eg： That was the first time(that)they had been alone toge

20、ther 那是他们第一次单独呆在一起。 This is the second time that Joan has visited China这是琼第二次参观中国。用法拓展：This/It/That is the first time that-一这是某人第一次干 the first time第一次(后接从句)for the first time第一次(介词短语)特别提醒：This is the first time that这是个固定句式，当主句中为is 时从句中用现在完成时；如主句为was时，从句用过去完成时； the first time表示“第一次用作连词，后接时间状语从句；而for

21、the first time表示“第一次用作介词短语单独用，不接从句。考题9-1 (典型例题I thought her nice and honest I saw her Afor the first time Bthe first time Cits time Dfirst time考题9-2 It was the third time that he of the changes of the meeting. A. had informed B. had been informed C. has informed D. has been informed考题9-1点拨：答案为B。此题关键

22、要明确此空需一连词，for the first time只用作介词短语。句意为：“我第一次看到她，就认为她美丽又老实。 考题9-2点拨：答案为B。此题考查lt was the third time that，因主句用was，故从句须用过去完成时。句意为 “这是他第三次被告知会议更期了。 五、词语辨析10affair，businessevent，thing，matter四个词都有“事情之意affair既指一般事情也指重大事情，多用复数。 eg：a public affair一件公事an ordinary affair一件普通的事情current affairs时事government affai

23、rs事务personal affairs私事business是不可数名词表示“生意，商业；作“事情讲时指有责任，必要去做的事情。 eg： do business with和做生意 get down to business开始干某事，言归正传 Its none of ones busness不关某人的事 mind your own business别多管闲事event多指大事件。 eg： a historical event历史事件main events of the year当年的大事matter指事情，事态。 eg：the matter出事出毛病a matter of一的事情(问题) as

24、a matter of factin fact事实上，实际上thing表示“事情时指最通俗的事。指具体的或抽象的，或指“形势时用复数形式。 eg： the most important thing最重要的事a simple thing简单的事考题10 用 affair, event, business, thing, matter的适当形式填空 (1)What were like in Beijing beforeliberation? (2)What were the chief of last year? (3)Are you here on or for pleasure? (4)Its

25、 time we got down to (5) The president is busy with of state. (6)h is a of who will take the posi- tion.考题10点拨：(1)things(2)events(3)business(4)business(5)affairs(6)matter语法归纳 精通规那么 游刃有余The PastParticiple(过去分词)过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过分词短语。过去分词的根本形式是“动词+ed但也可以有不规那么的形式。它在句中可以作定语、表

26、语、宾语补足语或状语。1作定语：作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面：过去分词短语作定语那么放在被修饰词的后面。 eg： There are many fallen leaves on the ground地上有许多落叶。This is a book written by a peasant这是一本农民写的书。2作表语：过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处时状态。 eg： I was pleased at the news听了这消息我很快乐。 The door remained locked门仍然锁着。 过去分词作表语相当于形容词最常见的有：delighteddisappointedd

27、iscouraged drunkastonishedhurtinterestedcrowdedtiredsatisfiedsurprisedworried，excit edmarriedpuzzled，upset等。 过去分词作表语时应注意与被动结构的区别。 系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点：被动结构强调谓语动作指主语所承受的动作。此外还有： 系表结构：a常用一般现在时或一般过去时b一般不带状语c可以有不及物动词的过去分词。 被动结构：a有多种时态常与主动语态的时态一致Ib可以带时间、方式或by短语作状语c必须是及物动词。 eg：The small village is surroun

28、ded by trees(状态)这个小村庄四周都是树。 The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers(动作)这个小村庄很快就被敌军包围了。 Im interested in sports(状态)我对运动感兴趣。 I was interested by what you told me(动作)我对你告诉我的东西有兴趣。 The sun is risen(状态)太阳升起了。This novel was written by Lu Xun in 1921(动作)鲁迅于1921年写成了这篇小说。3作状语：过去分词短语常用作状语，修饰谓语

29、，说明动作发生的背景或情况。这类状语大多数放在句子前部(主语前面)，也有少数可以放在句子后部(谓语后面)，或者插在中间(主语后面)。(1)表示原因 eg：Inspired by her example，the League members worked even harder 在她的典范鼓舞下。共青团员们干得更起劲了。(2)表示时间eg： Once published，this dictionary will be very popular! 一旦出版这本字典将会非常受欢送。(3)表示假设，相当于一个条件状语从句eg： Unitedwe stand；divided，we fall团结那么存，分

30、裂那么亡。(4)表示让步eg： Beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气，更加刻苦训练。(5)表示伴随(这种用法没有与之相当的状语从句可以代替)eg： He came back，very tired他回来时，很疲惫。 The woman scientist entered the lab，followed by her assistant那位女科学家走进实验室，后面跟着她的助手。考题1 (典型例题 分 ) They now have

31、 a good government,_ by all the people. A. having supported B. supporting C. supported D. to be supported考题2 (典型例题 ) in thought, he almost ran into the tree in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost考题3 (典型例题分) -Youve done a good job. -Thanks. But more time. I could have done it be

32、tter. A. giving B. to give C. to be given D. given考题1点拨：答案为C。supported by aIl the people是过去分词作定语，修饰government。表被动。 考题2点拨：答案为c。be lost in thought表示“陷入沉思。不表被动而表示主语所处的状态。 考题3点拨：答案为D。主句中的主语I与give之间是被动关系，用given more time这个过去分词作状语。表示虚拟的条件。IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究：如何提高书面表达的档次(二) 学会使用较丰富的句式专题详解：在整篇文章中，防止只使用一两个句

33、型，要灵活运用各种语法结构，运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少。 eg：1when he arrivesplease give me an e-maiL(使用u-ing形式) On his arriving/arrivalplease give me an e-mail2To his surprise，the little girl knows so many things(使用名词性从句)一what surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things(That the little girl knows so many th

34、ings surprises him/It surprises him that the little girl knows so many things)3Though Im weak，IlI make the effort(使用倒装句)一Weak as l amIll make the effort4He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper(使用强调句型It wasnot until) It was not until he had read the news in the n

35、ewspaper that he knew what had happenedNot until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happened5I passed the physics exam because of your help(使用虚拟语气)一I could not have passed the physics exam but for your help一If you had not helped me。I could not have passed the physics exam, 6S

36、Iie walked out of the lab and many students followed her(用过去分词)一Followed by many studentsshe walked out of the,lab7They sang and laughed as they went back to school(使用v-ing形式)Singing and laughing，they went back to school81 wont believe what he says(使用状语从句)No matter what he saysI wont believe 91f you

37、 study hardyou will make rapid progress(使用并列句)一Study hard and youll make rapid progress10He had no sooner come back ftom Beijing than he was sent abroad(使用倒装句)一No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回忆1 测试语法(典型例题n the mountai。Ns for a weekthe two students

38、were finally saved by the local police AHaving lost B1ost CBeing lost DLosing1B 点拨：be lost in the mountains表示“迷失在大山里，be lost是系表结构表状态，在句子中作状语。回忆2 测试语法 (典型例题e prize of the game show is$30000 and an aIl expenses vacation to China Apaying Bpaid Cto be paid Dbeing paid2B点拨：paid是过去分词，相当于形容词，修饰vacation。回忆3

39、 测试语法(典型例题The pilot asked a11 the passengerson board to remain as the plane was mak ing a landing Aseat Bseating Cseated Dto be seating3c点拨：seat Sb使某人就座，remain seated坐着不动，seated 是过去分词作表语。 回忆4 测试语法(典型例题rah，hurry upIm afraid you wont have time to before the party Aget changed Bget change Cget changing

40、 Dget to change4A点拨：get changed表示。换衣服。 回忆5 测试语法(典型例题 with a difficult situation，Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice A To face BHaving faced CFaced DFacing5C点拨：be faeed with a difficult situation面临困难形势。过去分词短语faced with a difficult situation作状语。 回忆6 测试语法(典型例题Sugar，when with water，dissolves quick

41、ly Amixed Bmixing Cmix Dis mixed6A点拨：mixed表示被动，意为“当被混合时。回忆7 测试语法 (典型例题e disc，digitally in the studiosounded fantastic at the party that night Arecorded Brecording Cto be recorded Dhaving recorded7A点拨：动词+ed形式作定语表示被动和已经完成的动作，根据状语at the party that night可判断出这个影碟已被录制好。 回忆8 测试语法(典型例题nda worked for the Min

42、ne sota Manufacturing and Mining Company as 3 MAknowing Bknown Cbeing known Dtobe known8B 点拨：动词+ed形式known作Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company的定语。回忆9测试语法(典型例题ws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the law s get parents A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry9A点拨：

43、get后接形容词worried作宾补，表示“使某人担忧/忧虑。回忆10 测试语法 (典型例题 time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given10D点拨：given time作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句If he was giveri time。句意为：“如果给他时间，他会成为一名一流的网球运发动。回忆11 测试语法 ( 典型例题) Generally speaking, _. according to the directions, the drug has

44、no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken11B点拨：take和drug是动宾关系，要用过去分词作状语。句意为：“一般说来，根据说明服用这种药不会产生副作用。VI高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 年考情预测预测l：过去分词作表语 预测根据：过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，多表示主语所处的状态，这与动词的过去分词表示被动有很大区别。很多同学分不清相当于形容词的过去分词和表示被动的过去分词，而这一点正是高考考查的重点。此类问题的考查在每年的高考题中都会出现，占23分的分数，考