九年级英语复习被动语态和动词不定式作主语的用法人教朗文.doc

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1、九年级英语复习被动语态和动词不定式作主语的用法人教朗文版【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容： 复习被动语态和动词不定式作主语的用法 被动语态属于中考中应该掌握的内容，特别是一般现在时，一般过去时以及带有情态动词的被动语态。 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 结构：被动语态由助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成。 在被动语态中也有各种时态，而时态的变化是由助动词be的变化来决定的，过去分词不变。 肯定句：主语助动词be过去分词by 否认句：主语助动词be + not + p.p. + by 一般疑问句：Be +主语过去分词by

2、? 特殊疑问句：疑问词be主语过去分词by? 以teach为例： 肯定句： 否认句： 疑问句及简略答复： 一般现在时： Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, he / she is. No, he / she isnt. Yes, we / they are. No, we / they arent. 一般过去时： Yes, I / he /she was. No, I / he / she wasnt. Yes, we / they were. No, we / they werent. 情态动词： 疑问句及简略答复： Yes, I /she / he / we / y

3、ou /they must / can / may. No, I/ he /she / we /you / they mustnt/ cant / may not. 请同学们记住以下几点： 被动语态的用法： A. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 B. 只需要强调动作的承受者时。 e.g. This bridge is made of stone. 这座桥是由石头建成的。 The telephone is made in Guangdong. 是在制造的。 主动语态变成被动语态的方法： 1. 将原句中的主语变成宾语。 2. 谓语动词改为被动形式： 3. 原句的主语

4、如果有必要存在，要放在by的后面，没有必要存在就可以省略。 主动语态变为被动语态的几种情况： 1. 原句有一个宾语，结构是：主语谓语宾语变被动的方法时就要按照例句： The workers built many houses. Many houses were built by the workers 2. 当原句中有两个宾语时，我们可以用两种方法。 e.g. Sarah gave me a nice kite. I was given a nice kite by Sarah. A nice kite was given to me by Sarah. 3. 当原句中含有宾语补足语时，变成被

5、动语态时，宾语补足语不变。 e.g. The teacher told Mary to open the window. Mary was told to open the window by the teacher The boss made them do the work quickly. They were made to do the work quickly. 注意：动词可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词才可以有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。而不及物动词加上副词或介词后，如果能相当于一个及物动词的作用，就可以有被动语态。 e.g. Mrs King takes care o

6、f the books in the library. The books are taken care of by Mrs King in the library. 不是所有的主动句都可以变成被动语态的句子。 A. 当谓语动词是表示状态的动词时，如：leave, reach, enter, have等等。 e.g. David usually leaves home at eight every morning. B. 当宾语是反身代词时。 e.g. The students enjoyed themselves in the party yesterday. C. 有些短语动词相当于不及物

7、动词的作用时，没有被动语态。 e.g. take place 发生，变化发生在某地或某时间 Great changes have taken place in Tianjin in the past ten years. 在过去的十年中发生了巨大变化。 请同学们将以下句子变成被动语态。 1. We plant trees in spring. 2. They sell a lot of things in the small shop. 3. He drew a horse on the wall. 4. The boys played football just now. 5. You mu

8、st put your bike over there. 6. His son can use the computer now. 7. Grandma may keep these books for two weeks. 8. She neednt tie sticks to the big trees. 9. The twins should took after their younger brother well. Key: 1. Trees are planted by usin spring. 2. A lot of things are sold in the small sh

9、op. 3. A horse was drawn on the wall. 4. Football was played by the boys just now. 5. Your bike must be put over there. 6. The computer can be used by his son now. 7. These books may be kept by grandma for two weeks. 8. Sticks neednt be tied to the big trees by her. 9. Their younger brother should b

10、e tooked after well by the twins. 根据要求变化句型： 1. Rice is grown in Tibet. 改为否认句 2. The room was cleaned by Tom. 改为否认句 3. She was seen to go into the office. 改为一般疑问句 4. The sports meeting must be put off till next month. 改为一般疑问句 5. The meeting was held in the hall. 画线局部提问 6. Your shirt must be washed. 画

11、线局部提问 7. He was operated on by a very good doctor. 变成主动语态 8. The composition should be finished in two hours they 同上 9. That boy was told not to keep long hair. the teacher同上 10. The year is divided into four seasons. we同上 Key: 1. Rice isnt grown in Tibet. 2. The room wasnt cleaned by Tom. 3. Was sh

12、e seen to go into the office? 4. Must the sports meeting be put off till next month? 5. Where was the meeting hold? 6. Whose shirt must be washed? 7. A very good doctor operated on him. 8. They should finish the composition in two hours. 9. The teacher told the boy not to keep long hair. 10. We divi

13、de the year into four seasons. 选择填空： 1. These flowers _ once a week. A. should waterB. should watered C. should be wateredD. should are watered 2. _ the clothes _ of cotton? A. Do, madeB. Is, made C. Are, madeD. Was, made 3. Do you know what time _? A. the train leaves B. is the train leave C. does

14、the train leave D. the train is left 4. When _ the PLA _? A. were, founded B. was, found C. did, founded D. was, founded 5. When she got to school, she found that the gate _. A. closedB. was closed C. openingD. opend 6. It _ in . A. was happenB. was happened C. happenedD. was taken place 7. The trou

15、sers are too long, can _ shorter for me? A. it be made B. you make them C. you made it D. be it made 8. Ben _ go out just now. A. is seen to B. was saw to C. was seen D. was seen to 9. The cake _ delicious. A. is tasteB. tastes C. is tasted D. was tasted 10. The child felt afraid because he _ alone.

16、 A. was leaveB. was leaved C. was leftD. left Key: 1. C2. C3. A4. D5. B 6. C7. A8. D9. B10. C 动词不定式： 1. 根本结构：to动词原形，但有时可以不带to。 to的后面跟着名词，代词，名词词组等，叫做介词宾语。to后面跟动词原形，叫做小品词。 2. 作用：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句子中不能做谓语，没有随着主语进行人称、数、时态、语态等的变化。动词不定式保存动词的特点，有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语。所以，它在句子中可以作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语、定语和状语。 A. 主语 To le

17、arn English is important. 学英语重要。 B. 表语 My job is to teach language. 我的工作是教语言。 C. 宾语 The teacher wanted to see my parents. D. 宾语补足语 He asked Edward to help him with the cooking. E. 定语 The students have many books to read. F. 状语 The headmaster came to Class 7 to have a class meeting with the students

18、yesterday. 不定式作主语 一般情况下句子都是以名词或者代词等作主语。 e.g. Beijing is a modern city. 名词作主语 是一所现代化城市。 She is a nice girl. 代词作主语 不定式有名词的作用，可以用来做主语。 e.g. To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 To take more exercise every day is necessary. 每天参加体育活动是有必要的。 很多情况下，尤其在口语中，常常用it放在句首作形式主语，而将真正的主语不定式放在句子后面，构成下面的句型： It is / was + adj. /

19、 n. + to do 形式主语真正的主语 e.g. To take more exercise every day is necessary. = It is necessary to take more exercise everyday. 形式主语真正的主语 To finish so much homework is not easy. = It is not easy to finish so much homework. 注意： It is / was + adj. + for sb. to do sth It is / was + adj. + of sb. to do sth 的

20、区别。 表示客观情况的形容词，如：easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, important, necessary, interesting等要用for sb. to do sth. 表示主观情感或态度的形容词，如：kind, good, clever, foolish, wise, honest, nice等要用of sb. to do sth. e.g. Its very kind of you to help me. Its foolish of you to make such a mistake. Its difficult for him to lear

21、n physics. Its dangerous for children to play in the street. It is / was for sb. to do 没有句型转换 而It is / was of sb. to do 句型可以用不定式作状语的句型转换。 e.g. You are very kind to help me. = Its very kind of you to help me. You are foolish to make such a mistake. = Its foolish of you to make such a mistake. 请用It is

22、 / was of sb. to do 改写句子。 1. She is wise to learn from others. 2. He was wrong to tell us a lie. 3. The boy is right to help the old man. 4. You are good to get everything ready. Key: 1. Its wise of her to learn from others. 2. It was wrong of him to tell us a lie. 3. Its right of the boy to help th

23、e old man. 4. Its good of you to get everything ready. 用It is / was to do 改写以下句子。 1. To swim in that river is dangerous. 2. To learn how to use a computer is important. 3. To visit that factory is interesting. 4. I get up early is a good habit. Key: 1. Its dangerous to swim in that river. 2. Its imp

24、ortant to learn how to use a computer. 3. Its interesting to visit that factory. 4. Its a good habit to get up early. 完成句子： 1. It was not right _像那样想 2. It will be easier _用这种方法解出题 3. Its wrong _在公共场合大声谈话 4. Its my duty _帮助学生 Key: 1. to think like that 2. to work out the problem in this way. 3. to t

25、alk loudly in public. 4. to help the students. 用It + take sb, to do 翻译句子。 1. 他用了两年写那本书。 2. 工人们要花一年修建这条路。 3. 每天我骑车上班要用半小时。 4. 我们花了二十分钟画了这幅图画。 Key: 1. It took him two years to write that book. 2. It will take the workers a year to build the road. 3. It takes me half an hour to go to work by bike. 4. I

26、t took us twenty minutes to draw this picture. 【模拟试题】I. 单项选择： 1. _ is good for health. A. SkateB. To skate C. SkateingD. To skateing 2. Its time _. A. to go to bed B. for going to bed C. for the bed D. for I to go to bed 3. Its not good _ to play all day. A. to your B. for you C. of you D. for your

27、4. Im afraid _ take _ a long time _ the project. A. itll, us, to finish B. well, / , to finish C. well, /, finishing D. it will, us, finishing 5. Is _ necessary _ the book tomorrow? A. that, for me to return B. it, of me to return C. this, for me returning D. it, for me to return 6. How long did it

28、take you to get there? Oh, _ hour and a half, Its quite a long time. A. aB. an C. the D. / 7. Whats the matter with you? _ something wrong with my leg. A. There isB. There are C. I amD. I have 8. Where is the small coffee shop? You have to go _ the bridge. Its on the other side. A. pastB. over C. th

29、rough D. across 9. How _ do you play football? Twice a month. A. longB. old C. oftenD. soon 10. Can you help me mend the TV set? Sorry. I know _ about TV sets. A. a littleB. little C. a fewD. few 11. Will you go to have a picnic in the park tomorrow? Yes, _ it is fine. A. ifB. thoughC. becauseD. whe

30、n 12. What did the policeman say a moment ago? He asked where _ last night. A. am I B. I amC. was I D. I was 13. You look _ than yesterday? I took some medicine and had a good sleep last night. A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best 14. May I play basketball now? Youd _ because dinner is ready. A. not bette

31、rB. better not C. not better toD. better not to 15. When _ the building _? In 1990. A. did, buildB. was building C. has, builtD. was, built II. 根据句意用方框内所给词组的适当形式填空。swim, feel, a little, a few, eitheror, too to, hold on, enjoy oneself, not hear from, come back, be able to, hear of 1. I can speak _ En

32、glish. 2. We are very tired. Lets stop _. 3. She will give it to me as soon as she _. 4. _ you _ come in a few days? 5. Im not _ well. Perhaps I have caught a cold. 6. They were _ too big _ too small. 7. Why didnt the men _? 8. Jim _ his mother for a long time. 9. _ for a moment, please. 10. This pr

33、oblem is _ hard for me _ work it out. III. 补全对话：Doctor: 1 , Madam? Madam: Ive got a pain here. Doctor: 2 . Do you have pain here? Madam: Yes, its very serious. Doctor: Im afraid 3 . Madam: Really? It must be quite serious. Doctor: Dont worry. 4 . Madam: Operation? Do I need an operation? Doctor: Yes

34、. Madam: But my son He is only ten. 5 . Doctor: But your health is very important, isnt it? You can ask your husband to look after him. Madam: I agree with you, Im coming tomorrow. IV. 根据中文提示完成句子。 1. 父亲告诉我们这台电脑花了他八千元。 My father told us _. 2. 很久以前，这里有一条河。 _, there was a river near here. 3. 在他十六岁时，就上大

35、学了。他很聪明。 _, he went to college. He was very clever. 4. 请把收音机关小一点，我正在做作业。 _, Im doing my homework. 5. 它看上去很好，是由什么制造的？ It looks very nice, _. 6. 在电脑的帮助下，我们很容易就完成这项工作了。 _, we can finish the work easily. V. 书面表达，根据提示，写一篇50词以上的短文。 许多国家已经发射了环绕地球运行的人造卫星。而且中国的宇航员已经进入太空。你是否也想当一名宇航员呢？请谈谈自己的打算。 manmade satelli

36、te, astronaut, be proud of, hope that , thoughVI. 完形填空： Buildings that reach the skies may be seen in most of the worlds largest cities today. Ever since the first skyscraper was built in Chicago in 1883, more and more tall buildings 1 up in mord and more cities. Early skyscrapers were built with th

37、ick, heavy walls of solid brick or stone or concrete混凝土. Now the new skyscrapers are being built with a steel frame work构架that 2 the weight of the building. This takes the 3 of the old solid walls and makes 4 possible to build to greater heights. The idea came mostly from engineers 5 to see a sky sc

38、raper framework as a kind of steel bridge set on end. Like the 6 , too, it would be light but strong and could be extended 7 necessary. 8 at first to house offices and shops, some skyscrapers are now becoming homes for people who want to live 9 the center of the city. “Big John, a Chicago skyscraper

39、 that opened in 1970, is an example, “Big Johnis the popular name of the 100- story John Hancock Center. 10 the first and the 43rd floor,there are offices and shops. Theres a swimming pool on the 44th floor. From the 45th floor to the 92th, there are apartments. The people who live in these apartmen

40、ts 11 look down on the clouds instead of 12 at them. Every window has a beautiful view. Many people seem 13 14 above the city, away from the traffic and the noise. Perhaps “Big Johnwill soon be followed by other homes 15 for the skies. 1. A. putB. are putC. to have been putD. have been put 2. A. sup

41、portsB. is supportedC. holds onD. is held 3. A. materialB. thingC. seatD. place 4. A. thisB. thatC. itD. them 5. A. to be ableB. in orderC. who were ableD. that could be 6. A. steelB. frameworkC. skyscraperD. bridge 7. A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. which 8. A. BuildingB. Built C. Being builtD. Having built 9. A. in B. toC. at D. on