初二英语如何提高阅读理解能力人教朗文.doc

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1、初二英语如何提高阅读理解能力人教朗文版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：如何提高阅读理解能力二. 具体内容：阅读理解能力在教学大纲中有明确的要求。它是目前条件下考查同学们英语运用能力的常规题型之一，也是分值最高的题型之一。同学们的阅读理解能力如何，标志着同学们继续深入学习的潜力有多大，它是集语法，词汇，逻辑推理背景知识于一体的综合语言能力的测试。它除对同学们的阅读理解的正确性进行测试外，同时从阅读速度、技巧、文化背景常识等方面对同学们进行测试。如何做好阅读理解题呢?首先要求考生有足够的根底知识和较好的阅读速度以及技巧方面的训练。同时还要注意以下几个方面的问题。1. 要了解阅读测试的重点如上所述，

2、阅读过程是一个综合作用的过程，为此阅读的测试就不能仅将着眼点放在语言结构的测试上，而是通过看，通过阅读获取信息的能力。在阅读一篇文章时，我们首先会想到：1文章说的是什么事情即中心思想是什么。2事情发生的时间、地点、人物是什么。3作者所持态度如何。4结论是什么。有些说明性信息在文章中容易获取，如：时间、数字、地点、人物等。有些信息如作者的态度，事件的结论，中心思想，文章的标题，那么需通过文中线索，说明信息等等去分析推断才能获取。而这些说明性及内隐性的信息正是阅读理解的测试重点内容。而其难点在于理解、推断、得出结论时，应从英语国家的风俗习惯、语言习惯、宗教信仰、民族问题等方面来考虑，而不是仅从中国

3、人的语言习惯来做推论。这也是这方面的难点之一。例：John drove a taxi through the busy streets of Boston every day .John was _ .A. a manager B. a driver C. a policeman D. a dustman 由此我们应能由drive a taxi 来得出结论约翰是位出租车司机而不是别的什么人。 答案：B例：Mrs. Barkers sister was ill . She had someone to look after her from Monday to Friday , but not

4、at the weekend , so every Friday evening . Mrs. Baker used to go off to spend the weekend at her home in a neighboring town. This meant that Mr. Baker . First he had to drive home from the station . Then he had to drive his wife to the station to catch her train .Who was ill? _A. Mr. Baker B. Mrs. B

5、akerC. Mr. Bakers sister D. Mrs. Bakers sister从这些只言片语中可以看出有三个人物出场，而问题的设计是外表的，只要细心即可。答案：DLike many other families in 1870, Katie Olson and her family had come to the grassy plains of Kansas . Katie liked the prairie and their new sold house . But with no friends to play with , she was very lonely Bes

6、ides her mother and father , she had only her little brother , Matt , for company She missed their old home in Wisconsin . Then one day her father had exciting news .Some settlers had bought the farm near the Olsons land Katie became so excited on hearing the news that she thought she might burst .

7、She begged her father to let her ride over with him to greet their new neighbors . The two rode across the prairie . They found Mr. and Mrs. Laski were hard at working building their sod home . Katie was disappointed . She had hoped there would be some children to play with . But soon Mr. Laski call

8、ed out “ Anna , and Carl ,come out of the wagon . A boy and a girl jumped down and came over to Katie . Katie didnt believe it . Her wish had come true .1. Who was the most important person in the story ?A. Matt B. Katie C. Mr. Laski D. Anna and Carl 2. What was Katies problem in the story ?A. She h

9、ad no friend. B. She didnt like Kansas.C. She couldnt ride a horse. D. She didnt like Anna and Carl. 从上文中看，信息的获得不是直接的，而是必须通过整个文章的阅读，理清人物关系，掌握中心思想，才能作出正确的判定。如第一问故事中人物众多，但一直到读完才知，故事讲述了一个女孩Katie的事情。那么她是故事的中心，所以应选择B第二问是测试通过阅读是否了解了人物的心理情绪。这些信息必须通过线索，综合判定，从而其结论是A。2. 阅读理解的解题思路和方法阅读理解的测试点是在通过由于阅读所能够获取信息的能力上

10、，所以解题思路的重点应放在：1通读全文，了解文章的主题和大意；了解作者的写作目的、对事件的态度上。People sometimes change their way of doing business. In a village in Africa , people are using money for the first time . Theyre doing business with the world . Before this tribe部落used money , people came to the market in the village to trade交易things

11、they had for things they needed Now people must use money to buy what they want . Before using money , people helped one another . Their father who was head of the family , gave food , and clothing to his sons and their families . In return , the sons worked for their father . Now people no longer w

12、ork for one another for free . Instead , they are paid for the work they do. When a new road was needed. Everyone in the village helped build it . Now people must pay money to the village chief首领for roads and schools . The chief hires workers to build these new projects . More and better roads and s

13、chools are being built. It is not easy for people to change a way of doing business . To change from trading goods to using money takes time . 1The story doesnt say so , but it makes you think that _.A. family members often quarrel about moneyB. Africans do not change their way of doing businessC. A

14、fricans refuse to use moneyD. families do not help one another in the same way now 答案：D2On the whole this story is about _ . A. the life of some Africans B. changing from goods to using moneyC. people helps one anotherD. building roads across Africa 答案：B从以上的问题看，所设提问均不是对某个具体事实。而是真对整篇文章，由此可见通读全文，掌握中心和

15、作者的态度的重要性。2例： on Saturday afternoon they began with the back of the house . The next Saturday Tom went to a football match while his wife painted the front of the house . The next day they found they couldnt open any of the front windows . They get them open at last， but they broke three of the seve

16、n and they were very expensive to repair They lasted for about _ days . A. two B. three C. more than seven D. Less than seven 答案：A They had to get someone to make repair for _ windows . A. seven B. four C. ten D. three答案：D第一问中，如不分析第一句和第二句中的两个 Saturday， 很可能会选择答案C。事实上，他们只干了两个 Saturday， 而不是从这个星期六到下个星期六

17、的7天时间。而第二问是他们弄坏了所有7个窗户中的3个，所以应选D。3特别注意首尾句在整个文章中的作用，以及它起到的启示和结论性作用。例： Man has a big brain . He can think， learn and speakbut no animal learns when we speak? Scientists do not really know . They only know that man can speak because he has a big brain . 这篇文章只要我们注意了首尾句，即可得出结论，它是讲述人类大脑与语言的关系的。人脑的其中一个作用是使

18、他拥有语言，也就是和动物 apes，dogs 有了根本的区别。这样这篇文章的许多细节可以迎刃而解了。 In what way are men different from animals ?A. Men can understand things quickly. B. Men can learn.C. Men have learned language. D. Men have brains. 答案：C Scientists now know _A. how children learn to speak B. why apes can learn a few wordsC. mens br

19、ain helps him to learn to speak D what happens when men speak答案：C What is the topic the writer wants to talk about ?A apes language B. mens brain and languageC. human brain D. animals learning答案：B以上只是做阅读练习中的一般分析，要取得优异成绩，还有赖于扎实的阅读根底和语言能力，以及平时的技巧训练和刻苦练习。要坚持每天至少读三四篇文章，以逐步提高自己的英语水平。【模拟试题】答题时间：60分钟1In al

20、most every big university in the U. S. A, football is a favourite sport. American football is not like soccer. Players sometimes kick the ball, but they also throw the ball and run with it. They try to take it to the other end of the field场地. They have four chances时机to move the ball ten yards码. They

21、 can carry it or throw it. If they move it to other end of the field, they receive six points分. This is called a touchdown底线得分.It is difficult to move the ball. Eleven men on the team try to stop the man who has the ball. If the man does not move the ball ten yards, his team kicks the ball to the ot

22、her team.Each university wants its team to win. Thousands of people come to watch. They all yell喊加油for their favourite team. Young men and women called cheerleaders啦啦队长come to help the people yell more.Each team plays ten or eleven games. Each season begins in September and ends结束in November. If a t

23、eam is very good, it may play another game after the season ends. The best teams play again on January 1, the first day of the New Year. Many people go to see these games and many others watch them on TV. 1. In American football players can _.A. only kick the ball B. only throw the ball C. only carr

24、y the ball D. kick, throw and carry the ball2. If a team wants to get points, it has to move the ball _.A. 10 yards B. 40 yards C. away from its own end D. to the other end3. Most teams play games in _.A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter4. When do the best play again?A. At Christmas B. Before th

25、e season ends .C. On New Years Day .D. On the last day of the season.5. Which is the best title for the passage?A. American Football B. Most People Like FootballC. Many People Enjoy Watching Football Games .D. American Football Is Not Like Soccer.2Dear Linda,I have been in England three months now.

26、I hope you dont think . Ive forgotten you. There have been so many places to see and so many things to do that Ive not had much time for writing letters.I shall soon be starting my studies at Kings College. So far Ive been learning about England and British ways of living. I wont tell you about Lond

27、on. There are plenty of books you can read and plenty of pictures you can look at. Im sure youll be more interested to know what I think about the life here.I find some of the customs风俗new and interesting. People here do not shake hands as much as we do in Europe. During the first few weeks I was of

28、ten surprised because people did not put out their hands when I met them. Men raise their hats to women but not to each other. Yours Alice1. The writer came to London from _.A. Asia B. Europe C. America D. Africa2. The writer _.A. has never been of EnglandB. came to England just nowC. came to Englan

29、d three months agoD. will come to England in three months3. She has _.A. not written any lettersB. much time to write lettersC. no time to write lettersD. a little time to write letters4. She came to England to _.A. studyB. make a livingC. learn British ways of livingD. learn about life there5. Engl

30、ishmen _.A. do not often shake hands with friends when they meetB. often shake hands with friends when they meetC. raise their hats to all friends when they meetD. do not raise their hats to friends when they meet3We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of flowers

31、 inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights，and there my wife saw the bookshelf, It stood outside a furniture家具shop. “ Buy it , she said at once. “ Well carry it home on the roof rack 车顶架. Ive always wanted one like that. What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer，

32、and the bookshelf was tied on to the roof rack. It was tall and narrow，quite heavy too. As it was getting darker , I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea. After a time my wife sai

33、d, “ Theres a long line of cars behind. Why dont they overtake超车? Just at that time a police car did overtake. The two officers inside looked at us seriously when they went past. But then, with a kind smile they asked us to follow their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our vil

34、lage church . One of the officers came to me. “ Right, sir he said , “ Do you need any more help now ? I didnt quite understand. Thanks，officer , I said , “ Youve been very kind. I live just down the road. He was looking at our things: first at the flowers， then at the bookshelf. “ Well，well , he sa

35、id and laughed. “ Its a bookshelf youve got there! We thought it waser something else . My wife began to laugh. Suddenly I understood why the police drove here. I smiled at the officer. “ Yes, its a bookshelf, but thanks again. I drove home as fast as I could .1.From the story we know that _ .A. the

36、 writer was poor and didnt buy the bookshelf for his wifeB. the writers wife didnt like the bookshelf at allC. the writer was always glad to buy something for his wifeD. the writer was not very glad to buy the bookshelf for his wife2.What made the writer think that carrying furniture was “ a good id

37、ea ?A. He could drive slowly and it was safe.B. Other drivers would let him go first.C. His wife could use a new bookshelf.D. He could save a lot of money and time.3.Why were the police and other drivers so kind to the writer ?.A. Because they thought the writer liked studying very much and needed a

38、 bookshelf.B. Because they didnt think it was polite to overtake a car with a bookshelf on it.C. Because they thought somebody in the writers family had died and he needed help.D. Because they thought it was dangerous to carry a bookshelf on a car.4.Why did the writers wife begin to laugh? A. Becaus

39、e now she knew what mistake the police had made.B. Because at last her husband understood why the police had driven to the church.C. Because the officer was always looking at the flowers and the bookshelf.D. Because the police had helped them a lot.5.When did the officers begin to realize意识到they had

40、 made a mistake? A. Before they arrived at the church.B. Before they overtookovertake的过去式the writers car.C. After one of them looked at the flowers and the bookshelf carefully at the church.D. After the writers family left the church.4New York, London, Paris and other big cities are exciting places

41、to live in. There are many interesting things to see and to do. You can go to different kinds of museums, plays and films. You can also go shopping to buy things from all over the world.But there are serious problems in big cities , too. The cost of living is high, and there are too many people in s

42、ome of big cities. Every year many people move to the cities because there are some chances to find jobs, to study at good schools, and to receive good medical care. But sometimes these people cannot find work or a good place to live in. Also, too many people in a small space make it hard to keep th

43、e cities safe and clean.Some people enjoy living in big cities. Others do not. Before people move to big cities, they should think about the problems of living there.1. Which is the best title题目for this passage?A. Big citiesB. New York, London, and ParisC. Exciting Places to live inD. Serious Proble

44、ms in Big Cities2. In big cities people can _.A. go to different kinds of museumsB. see all kinds of playsC. buy things from all over the worldD. A, B and C3. Which of the following is true?A. Big cities are not safe and clean enough.B. People can easily find a good place to live in a big cities.C.

45、Big cities are safe, but not clean.D. All people like to live in big cities.4. In this passage the writer advised建设people _.A. to move to a big cityB. not to move to big cityC. not to move to a big city without thinking about the problems thereD. not to think too much about the problems before they

46、move at a big city.5. Which is not talked about in this passage?A. New York and London are big cities, and also is Paris.B. Big cities are better than small cities.C. Big cities are exciting places to live in.D. Big cities have a lot of serious problems.【试题答案】11. D 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. A21. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A31. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C41. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B