（整理版高中英语）高二英语现在分词和过去分词的用法区别人教实验.doc

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1、高二英语现在分词和过去分词的用法区别人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 一分词的作用现在分词可用于：构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English.当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. I saw many birds flying along the river. The story is very moving. 过去分词可用于：构成完成时。 e.g. The p

2、lay had begun when we arrived there.构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 e.g. a boy named Tom I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. Im interested in English.二现在分词与过去分词的两大差异1. 现在分词与过去分词的最大差异在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。2. 现在分词

3、与过去分词的第二大差异在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。3. 把握主、被动关系的两个前提1弄清动词确实切含义。不少主、被动关系判断错误都是由于没弄清动词确实切含义造成的。 Wrong: Girls frighten snakes. Right: Girls fear snakes./ Snakes frighten girls. 牢记: tire, disappoint, satisfy, terrify, interest, frighten, worry, excite, surprise, please, seat, puzzle, ect. 只能作及物动词，都有“使动的特点，都

4、含“使之义。2能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。即明白与哪个词去构成主、被动关系。分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语就是与分词具有主、被动关系的名词或代词。它既可能是句子主语，又可能是句中宾语，或者是句中其它成分；它既可能是动作行为的发出者，也有可能是动作行为的承受者。那种认为逻辑主语就是动作行为的发出者的理解是片面的。 分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的, 而是“活的随着分词所作语法成分的不同，其逻辑主语位置也不同，所以确定逻辑主语前首先要确定分词的语法成分。1作状语时 Seeing the teacher come in, all the students stood up. the students是see

5、ing的逻辑主语 Heated, the metal expands. the metal是 heated的逻辑主语 结论：分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。2作宾补时 I saw him reading last night. him 是reading的逻辑主语 His wife found his hair dyed black. hair是 dyed的逻辑主语 结论：分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。3作表语时 The film is moving. the film是 moving的逻辑主语 The visitors looked surprised. the visitors是sur

6、prised的逻辑主语 结论：分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。4作定语时 This is an interesting book. book是 interesting的逻辑主语 The moved children looked serious. children是 moved的逻辑主语结论：分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词即中心词。5用于复合结构中时即在独立主格中与with复合结构中 With the task completed, we went out to take some fresh air. the task是 completed的逻辑主语 It being Sunday, t

7、hey had no classes. it 是being的逻辑主语结论：分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的逻辑主语附表2：分词的逻辑主语一览表分词所作成分分词的逻辑主语状语主语表语宾补宾语定语被修饰词复合结构复合结构中的逻辑主语三确定分词的使用的具体步骤1根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分2找准逻辑主语3判断主、被动关系4选定现在或过去分词1. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed简析：根据语法分

8、析可知，待选局部是修饰 noise 的定语短语；据常识“雷声随闪电之后到来，自然A noise follows the sudden burst of light , noise与follow是主动关系。因此，该题应选B。2. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing简析：根据语法分析可知，待选局部是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分

9、词短语；The Olympic Games是动词 play 的承受者，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题选C。3. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak简析：该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken4. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. invi

10、ting简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 who were invited5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which were written四分词作表语共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。不同点：分词作表语时，句子

11、的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词那么表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 1. The news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析：根据语法分析可知， sounds 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选局部应作表语 ；The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即消息鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选A。2. How did Bob do in the exa

12、ms this time? Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 简析：根据语法分析可知, seems 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选局部作表语。 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲快乐。因此, 该题应选C。3. How did the audience receive the new play? They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excited

13、ly D . exciting 简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。 五分词作宾语补足语共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词那么表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。1. The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知, 待选局部在句中

14、应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系, 且lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此, 该题应选A。2. Good morning. Can I help you? Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选局部在句中应作宾补，补充说明宾语 the package; 再根据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说, 只能是被动关

15、系。因此，该题应选D。3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself _. A. understand B. understanding C. understood D. understands 简析：该题应选C。himself是make的宾语，待选局部的逻辑主语。由于英语表达能力差，说出的英语别人难于听懂，也就不易被人理解。因此，这里用过去分词来表达这一被动含义。4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air

16、 _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析：该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。 六分词作状语共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词那么表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 1. “Cant you read? Mary said ，_ to the notice. A. a

17、ngrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 简析：该题应选A。测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。假设B 答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。2. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析：该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否认式是在其前直接加

18、 not 。假设动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析：该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。) 例：The murderer was

19、brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 简析：很显然，待选局部的逻辑主语是 his hands，而不是句子的主语 The murderer , 而 his hands 对于动词 tie 来说只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。 综上所述，现在分词与过去分词的根本区别是主、被动关系，正确认定逻辑主语是正确使用分词的关键。明白这一道理并不难，最重要的是要养成“分析句子成分寻找逻辑主语判断主被动关系这一思维定势。【模拟试题】I. 单项选择75%1.

20、_ the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To seeB. Seeing C. Having seenD. Being seen 2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth _. A. fixB. fixingC. fixedD. to fix3. Were _ to listen to her _ voice. Its _to hear her sing. A. pleased;

21、pleasing; pleasureB. pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC. pleasing; pleased; a pleasureD. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure4. _a post office, I stopped_ some stamps. A. Passed, buyingB. Passing, to buyC. Having passed, buyD. Pass, to buy5. _with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem

22、high at all. A. Comparing B. To compareC. ComparedD. Having compared6. Here are some new computer programs _for home buildings. A. designingB. designC. designedD. to design7. _a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A. To saveB. SavingC. SavedD. Having saved8. The teacher

23、came into the classroom _by his students. A. followingB. to be followingC. followedD. having followed9. With the money _, he couldnt buy any ticket. A. to loseB. losingC. lostD. has lost10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldnt make himself _. A. being heardB. hearingC. heardD

24、. hear11. The result of the test was rather _. A. disappointedB. disappointing C. being disappointedD. disappoint 12. Ive never heard the word _in spoken English. A. useB. usedC. usingD. being used 13. _how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to knowB. Not knowingC. Knowing

25、 notD. Not known 14. Deeply _, I thanked her again and again. A. being movingB. movedC. movingD. to be moved 15. With winter _on, its time to buy warm clothes. A. came B. comesC. comeD. coming 16. _the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shownB. ShowingC. H

26、as shownD. Having been shown 17. He went from door to door, _waste papers and magazines. A. gatheringB. gathered C. gatherD. being gathered18. The student corrected his paper carefully, _the professors suggestions. A. followB. followingC. followedD. being followed 19. The _price will save you one do

27、llar for each dozen. A. reduceB. reducingC. reducedD. reduces 20. People _in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. liveB. to liveC. livedD. living 21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldnt make his point _. A. understandB. understanding C. to understandD. understood 22.

28、The scientists were waiting to see the problem _. A. settle B. settledC. to settleD. settling 23. The librarys study room is full of students _for the exam. A. busily prepared B. busy preparingC. busily prepareD. are busily preparing 24. The ground is _with _ leaves. A. covering, falling B. covered,

29、 fallingC. covered, fallenD. covering, fallen 25. Lessons _easily were soon forgotten. A. to learnB. learnC. learnedD. learning 26. The wallet _several days ago was found _in the dustbin outside the building。A. stolen, hiddenB. stealing, hidingC. stealing, hiddenD. stolen, hiding 27. A person _a for

30、eign language must be able to use the foreign language, _all about his own. A. to learn, to forgetB. learning, to forgetC. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting 28. _different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality. A. To produceB. Being produced C. Produced D. Having pro

31、duced 29. The students in the university are all taking courses _a degree. A. coming toB. going toC. leading toD. turning to 30. Many things _impossible in the past are very common today. A. considerB. consideringC. consideredD. be considered 31. _many times, he still couldnt understand. A. Having b

32、een toldB. Having told C. He having been toldD. Telling 32. The old sick lady entered the hospital, _her two sons. A. to supportB. supporting C. supported byD. having supported 33. China is one of the largest countries in the world, _9. 6 million square kilometres. A. to coverB. coveredC. coversD. c

33、overing 34. _and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.A SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising 35. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to add C. addingD. added 36. “Can you read? Mary said _

34、to the notice. A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing 37. _ the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room. A. WritingB. Having writtenC. WrittenD. Being written 38. Were you _when you saw that wild animal ? A. frightB. frighteningC.

35、 frightenedD. frighten 39. Properly _with numbers, the books can be easily found. A. markedB. markC. to markD. marking 40. The child sat in the dentists chair _. A. trembleB. tremblingC. trembledD. to trembled 41. At this moment the bell rang, _the end of class. A. announceB. announcingC. announcedD

36、. to announce42. He walked down the hills, _softly to himself. A. singB. singingC. sungD. to sing 43. I had to shout to make myself _ above the noise. A. heardB. hearingC. hearD. to hear 44. The graduating students are busy _material for their reports. A. collectB. to collectC. collectedD. collectin

37、g 45. The cars _in Beijing are as good as those _in Shanghai. A. produce, produce B. produced, producedC. produced, producingD. producing, producing 46. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _a patient. A. examineB. examiningC. to examineD. examined 47. _a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from i

38、llness very quickly. A. Having been givenB. Having given C. Giving D. Being given 48. _a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon. A. Having been givenB. Having given C. Giving D. Being given 49. He wrote a letter to me _that his trip to Japan

39、had been put off because of the bad weather.A. informB. informing C. informedD. being informed 50. He reads newspapers every day to keep himself _about whats going on in the world. A. informB. informingC. informedD. being informed II. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空(25%) 1. She caught the student _ (cheat) in exams.

40、2. When I got there, I found him _ (repair) farm tools. 3. When I got there, I found the farm tools _. (repair) 4. Just then he heard someone _ (call) for help. 5. He worked so hard that he got his pay _. (raise) 6. The missing boys were last seen _(play) near the river. 7. _(compare) with the old o

41、ne, the new building looks more beautiful. 8. The workers had the machines _(run) all night long to finish the work on time. 9. People in the south have their houses _(make) of bamboo. 10. _(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 【试题答案】I. 15 BCBBC610 CDCCC1115BBBBD1620 DABCD2125DBBCC2630 ACDCC3135ACDBC3640ABCAB4145BBADB4650BABBC II. 1. cheating2. repairing3. repaired 4. calling5. raised6. playing 7. Compared8. running9. made 10. Lost