初中英语知识点：副词.doc

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1、副词目录副词的构成1副词的比较级2副词的分类2副词的根本用法3副词的位置4重点副词注释4副词的原级、比较级和最高级的六种根本句型7副词作宾语补足语时在句子中的位置8副词作定语时在句子中的位置8副词作表语时在句子中的位置8副词作状语时在句子中的位置8副词的构成从形态上看，大多数副词都是由形容词后缀-ly构成的，例如：slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。21世纪*教育网形容词变副词：.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly

2、; quiet-quietly.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently注意: friendly; motherly; lovely，weekly，lively等词是形容词而非副词。.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, stra

3、ight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法：the high jump 跳高工程形容词 to jump high 跳得高副词a fast car 行得快的汽车形容词to drive fast 开快车副词an early riser 早起的人形容词to get up early 起得早副词a straight line直线形容词Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。副词注意：兼有两种形式的副词.late 与lately：late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近。例如：You have come too late. What have you been doing lately

4、?www-2-1-cnjy-com.deep与deeply：deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.high与highly：high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much 。例如：The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.wide与widely：wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方 。例如：

5、He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.副词的比较级副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词除 early 须用 more 和 most 。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】hard harder hardestfast faster fastestearly earlier earliestmuch more mostwarmly more warmly most warmly单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的，最高级是在副词后面加上

6、 -est 构成的。near nearer nearesthard harder hardest多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的。warmlymore warmlymost warmlysuccessfullymore successfullymost successfully有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规那么的。well-better - best little - less - leastMuch- more - most badly - worse - worstfar-farther(further)-farth

7、est(furthest)副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法根本一样。 最高级形式句中 the 可以省略。He works harder than I.他比我工作努力。Lucy gets up earlier than Lili.露西比丽丽起床早。He runs fastest in our class.他在我们班跑地最快。He dives deeper than his teammates.他比他的队员潜水深。Its true that he speak English more fluently than any of us.他英语讲确实实比我们任何人都好。Our school

8、team play football best in our region.我们校队在我们地区足球踢得最好的。副词的分类分类：1、 时间和频度副词:now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.21cnjycom2、 地点副词:here, there, eve

9、rywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.3、方式副词:carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly21世纪教育网版权所有4、 程度副词，

10、放在被修饰词之前:much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.21教育网5、 疑问副词，一般放在句首：how, when, where, why.6、关系副词，一般放在句首：when, where, why.7、连接副词:how, when, where, why, whether.副词的根本用法副词在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子。 修饰动词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等。一般位于动词之后，如果动词有宾

11、语，那么要位于宾语之后。频度副词常位于助动词和连系动词be 之后或实义动词之前。例如：He arrived only yesterday. 他是昨天才到的。There were clothes lying here and there on the floor. 地板上到处都是衣服。I have been terribly worried about you all day. 我一整天都非常为你担忧。She plays the piano very well. 她钢琴弹得很好。The boy is always asking his parents for money. 那个男孩老是向他父母要

12、钱。She never goes to the cinema. 她向来不看电影。21*cnjy*com 修饰形容词、副词、介词短语，一般前置，只有enough例外，需要后置。例如：She seems quite happy. 她看上去相当愉快。Youve done rather badly in the test. 你考得够糟糕的。The wind was right in our faces. 风迎面吹来。This girl is not old enough to go to school. 这个女孩还没有到上学的年龄。He didnt run fast enough to catch t

13、he train. 他跑得不够快，没有赶上火车。 用作表语，多为与介词同形的副词和表示方位的副词。例如：Is anybody in? 里面有人吗？有人在家吗？Father is away. 父亲离家在外。I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs. 我住楼下，我哥哥住楼上。My friend is still abroad. 我的朋友还在国外。 少数表示地点或时间的副词还可用作定语，一般位于名词之后。例如：I hope youll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在这里过得愉快。I met a friend of mine on my

14、 way home. 在我回家的路上，我碰到一位朋友。What did you think of the meeting yesterday? 你觉得昨天的会开得怎样？ 副词的比较等级用法与形容词一样，请参见初中英语语法专题讲座-形容词有关内容。副词的位置. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。 I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。注意：频度副词通常置于系动词、情态动词、

15、助动词之后，实义动词之前。例如： Mary is always late for the meeting.?玛丽开会老是迟到。We must always remember our friends.我们必须牢记我们的朋友。?I have never been to London. 我从未去过伦敦。My mother often does morning exercises in the morning.我妈妈经常在早上做早操。?. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面，但也有例外。如：These flowers are quite beautiful. 在形容词前 这些花相当漂亮

16、。 He works very hard. 在副词前他工作很努力。 She is old enough to go to school. 在形容词后她已到了上学的年龄。注意：A.副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 例如：(错) I very like English. (对) I like English very much.21cnjy修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如：The boy is old enough to go to school.这个男孩到上学的年龄了。I know him well enough.我非常了解他。He didn

17、t get up early enough to catch the early bus.他起床不够早，没有赶上早班车。C. 注意顺序：quite/rather a good player=a very good player.一个相当不错的球员。. 按一般规那么，如果有几个时间状语，单位大的应放在单位小的后面。如：The film will begin at seven oclock this evening. 电影今晚7点开演。 I was born at two oclock on the morning of May15. 按一般规那么, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间

18、状语之前。如：We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。 He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。重点副词注释as常构成一些词组：as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同样), as+形容词/副词+as possible(尽可能地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate

19、as quickly as possible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)注释 as long / much as + 名词可以表示长达/多达的含义。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。)2. later、after、ago、before的用法：一段时间+later/ago分别表示(多久)以后/以前,主要用于过去时态。after/before+某个时刻分别表示在某

20、时刻之后/之前,此时两个词是介词。ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一个事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你从前到过那儿吗？)/ After a few years he gave up smoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。)3.above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和belo

21、w,在上下处用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高挂在空中) / A plane flew over quickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。4. too、also、either、nor的用法：too(也)用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also(也)用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either(也)用于否认句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor(也不)用于倒装句句首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美国人吗？)/ He is not ha

22、ppy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你还可以觉察那个市场很好。)【版权所有：21教育】5. enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough (足够,十分)放在形容词或副词之后；too(太)、very(非常)、quite(相当)、so(如此地)等放在形容词或副词之前,very much(非常)放

23、在动词之后。如：Its too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/ I dont like sweets very much.(我不很喜欢糖果)注意 very与 mu6. sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、 sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、 some times(数次)表示次数、some time(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去

24、)/ I will stay here some time.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。)7. how、what用于感慨句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感慨时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感慨用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天气真好！) / How difficult (the problem is)!(问题)真难呀！)8.already、yet的用法：在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否认句和疑问句。如：

25、Have you done it already?(你已经做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。)9. hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是：努力地,猛烈地,hardly是否认词,意思是：几乎不,一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)10. like.very much、like.bette

26、r(=prefer)、like.best的用法：三个短语分别表示非常喜欢、更喜欢、最喜欢。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜欢棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best.11.quite/what+a+形容词+名词的用法：记住：quite/such/what.+a+形容词+名词;too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;rather+a+形容词+名词 = a+ rather+形容词+名词。如：I have never seen such a strange guy

27、(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(这真是散步的好日子)12. how 的几个短语：how often多常,每隔多久,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问； how soon多久以后,用于将来时态； how long多久,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态； how many times多少次,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问； how much多么,多少,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：How long have you been like this?(你这样已经多久了？)/ How o

28、ften does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？)13. much、more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外,还是程度副词,much表示很,修饰原级形/副,more表示更用来构成多音节形/副的比较级,most表示最用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如：This park is much more beautiful than that one.(这个公园比那个漂亮多了)/ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影)14.

29、 no more、no longer、not.any more、no.any longer的用法：表示时间,可以用no longer、not.ny more、no.any longer,而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度,可以用no more、not.any more.如：He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那里) / Tom wanted no more cakes.(他不想再要蛋糕) / He didn t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽烟)15.被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。如： The runner

30、was badly hurt.(赛跑运发动受了重伤) / English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛)16.too.to.与so.that.的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。Too.to. (太.以致不)是否认的结构,用于简单句；so.that.(如此以致)是肯定结构,用于复合句。如：The child is too young to join the army.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy

31、 box.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。)17. 既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是个长假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那儿呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就会找到方法)/ He is a very hard(难对付的) perso

32、n.(他是个难玩的家伙)18. farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为更远、较远,但是further还表示更多、进一步、额外等意思,此时不能换为farther. 如：They decided to go farther/further the next day.(他们决定第二天走得再远些)/ This problem will be further discussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)/ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college.(他们每个人大学毕

33、业后继续进修)19. rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示不到最高程度但是比预料的好,rather比quite更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见以以下图对nice程度的描绘：not nice (fairly) nice quite nice rather nice very nice如：Its quite a nice film.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影) / Its rather a nice film.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)注意注意quite与rather后面的次序词

34、序。20. maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe可能、也许,比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly可能地、或者、也许,可能性较大,在否认句和疑问句中表示无论如何；perhaps可能,较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：You could put it over there,maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边) / I couldnt possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time.(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)/ I thought perhaps it w

35、as the letter you have been expecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)21. most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词时意思是大多数的、大局部的,作为副词时意思为最,十分、很；mostly仅为副词,意思为主要地、多半地、大局部地。如：I was at home most of the time when I was free.(我有空时大局部时间都在家)Most children are naughty.(大局部的孩子都淘气)/ This is the most exciting part of the film.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的局部

36、)/She is mostly out on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家)【来源：21世纪教育网】22. (be) worth、(be) worthy of的区别：worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰；worthy of表示值得的、配得上的,后面跟动名词的被动形式。如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well(但凡值得做的,就值得好好去做). / The house is worth ￥300,000.(房子价值30万元)/ This book is well worth r

37、eading several times.(这本书值得好好读几遍)/ It is a thing worthy of being seen.(这是一个值得看的东西)st、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近,都表示几乎、将近,大多数情况下可以互换,与否认词连用时用almost不用nearly. almost no 相当于hardly any(几乎没有)。如：He had done almost nothing today.(他今天几乎没有干什么) / We are almost/nearly there.(我们几乎就到那里了)/ Almost nobody/Hardly anybody unde

38、rstood his words.(几乎没有人懂他的话)24.a bit与a little的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级,可以互换,语气比rather弱。如：This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive.(这台数码相机有点贵)/ It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷了点)另外,a little可以直接加不可数名词,a bit 那么采用a bit + of +名词(不可数或可数名词复数)的形式。如：I have got a bit of a

39、 cold.(我有点感冒)/ Go and get a little water for me, please.(请你去给我搞点水来)注意 not a bit(=not at all)意为根本不,而 not a little那么意为非常,不是一点。副词的原级、比较级和最高级的六种根本句型(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。根本句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容词/副词原级 +.如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The w

40、eather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)表示两者之间没有差异时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +.如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)

41、【出处：21教育名师】表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否认式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+.如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)(2

42、) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。根本句型：主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+.2-1-c-n-j-y如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didnt cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语(A) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二

43、个人物(B) +.如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of .如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the)

44、highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)副词作宾语补足语时在句子中的位置(4)作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开！它们在散发着臭气。)21*cnjy*comFather kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)注意 动词+副词的宾语如果是代词,那么该副词应该放在代词之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)H

45、e wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)副词作定语时在句子中的位置作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(现在的人们经常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) /Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代那儿的女人过着可怕的日子)副词作表语时在句子中的位置(2)作表语：地点副词一般可以作表语,放在be等连系动词之后,说明人物所处的位置。如：Im

46、 very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有将近20年了) Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那边)副词作状语时在句子中的位置作状语： 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They ha

47、ve already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路) 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次) 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave