初级中学语法主题材料8连词主题材料.doc

\ 连词 知识点1连词的分类 知识点2并列连词的用法 知识点3从属连词的用法 知识点4常见连词的用法辨析 知识详单 知识点1连词的分类 标准 分类 例词 根据形式分类 简单连词 and和，or或者，but但是，if如果，because因为，so所以 关联连词 Both…and…(二者)都……，Either...or…或者……或者……，not only…but also…不但……而且 短语连词 as long as只要，as if好像 根据意义分类 并列连词 and和，or或者，so所以，but但是，for原因，while然而 从属连词 自从，if如果，unless除非，until直到，as if好像 知识点2并列连词的用法 分类 连词 含义 例句 表 示 并 列 and 和，又 We are singing and they are dancing.我们在唱歌，他们在跳舞。 【知识拓展】 1. and用于连接三个或三个以上的并列成分时，前面几个往往使用逗号隔开，最后两个之间使用and进行连接。例如: Its you that always make me feel warm, safe and happy是你总是让我感到温暖，安全和快乐。 2. and如果连接的是动词不定式，往往只在第一个不定式前加不定式符号to，而其余的不定式符号to可省略。例如:She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back她告诉我们待在家里一直等到她会来。 3. and连接两个名词指的是同一个人或物，此时第二个名词前不用冠词或者所有歌。例如:His secretary and driver picked him up at the airport yesterday。昨天是他的秘书兼司机在机场接他。 As well as 也，又 Im learning French as well as English.我学法语，还学法语. Both…and 既……又 Both Jim and Kate are from England。吉姆和凯特都是来自英国。 Neither…nor 既不……也不…… Neither the father nor the son is interested in the film.父子俩对这部电影都不感兴趣。 not only…but also… 不但……而且…… Not only English but also French is spoken in Canada.加拿大不仅说英语，而且说法语。 表 示 转 折 but 可是，但是 I askedhim a questionbut he would not answer。 我问了他一个问题，但是他不作回答。 while 而，然而 I am a worker while my brother is a professor.我是一名工人，而我的兄弟是一位教授。 yet 可是，然而 It is very strange, yet it is true.这件事很奇怪，然而它却是真的。 whereas 然而，反而 Some people like coffee, whereas others like tea.有人喜欢咖啡，然而也有人喜欢茶。 【易错警示】although或though在引导让步状语从句时，主句不可使用转折连词but，但是可以使用yet或still。例如:Although she is in poor health，(yet) she works hard.虽然她的身体不好，但是她工作非常努力。 二She is in poor health，but she works very hard. 【知识拓展】however作为“然而”之意时，是副词，可位于句首、句中和句尾，而且需要使用逗号与句子隔开。例如:Its raining hard. However I still want to go there.雨下得很大。然而，我仍然想去那里。Later, however, he madehis mind to give up the idea.然而，后来他下定决心放弃了那个想法- 表 示 选 择 or 或者，否则 Will you go to the post office by bus or on foot?你要乘公共汽车还是步行去邮局? Hurry up, or you will be late.快点，否则你会迟到的。 【知识拓展】在否定句中，or用于连接并列的成分时，相当于“and+否定词”例如:There is no water or air on the moon.(=There is no water and no air on the moon.)月球上没有水和空气。 or else 否则，要不然 Be careful or else you will make a mistake.小心，否则你将会犯错误。 rather than 而不是 I will do it myself rather than ask him to do it.我会亲自去做这件事，而不是叫他去做。 not…but 不是……而是…. John is not her father but her uncle.约翰不是她的父亲而是她的的叔叔。 either…or 或者……或者….. Either Alice or her father cooks meals at home要么爱丽丝要么她爸爸在家做饭。 whether…or 不管是……还是…… They havent decided whether they will go to London or Berlin。他们尚未决定-是去伦敦还是去柏林。 表 示 因 果 so 因此，所以 I had a headache, so I went to bed very early.我头痛，因此很早就上床睡觉了。 for 因为，由于 Ill follow his advice, for he is a doctor.找会听从他的建议，因为他是医生。 【易错警示】so作为表示因果关系的连词，不与because在一句话中同时使用。另外，还有些副词或短语，如besides（而且，此外），hence（因此），moreover（而且，此外），,then（那么，因而），therefor（因此），thus（因而），as a result/ consequence (结果，因此)，in addition（此外）等，也可使句子的前后意思更为连贯，有时可以起到和连词相同的作用。例如：. It rained and therefore the football match was put off.下雨了，.因此足球赛延期。 I dont want to go; besides， I’m too tired.我不想去，此外.我也太累了。 【知识拓展] 1. neither…nor，not only... but also，either... or:和not…but.用于谓语动词与最近的主语保持就近一致原则。例如：Not only you but also I am going to attend a lecture given by Dr. Smith.不仅你而且我要去听史密斯博士的讲座。 2. as well as和rather than用于连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。例如: He as well as I is satisfied with the result.他和我都对这一结果表示满意。 3. and和or常用于句式“祈使句+and/ or+主语+will+其他”，此句式相当于if引导的条件状语从句。例如: Turn left and you will find the post office.向左转，你就会找到邮局的。 知识点3从属连词的用法 序号 分类 从属连词 例句 1 引导时间状语从句 since自从，until/till直到，after在……之后，before在……之前，when当……时候，while当……时侯，as soon as一……就……，whenever无论何时 Ill tell him the good news as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他这个好消息。 When I arrived there, it was raining.当我到那里时，天正在下雨。 2 引导条件状语从句 if如果，unless除非，as/so long as只要 If you go shopping with me, Ill buy you a pair of shoes.如果你和我一起去购物，我就会给你买一双鞋。 3 引导目的状语从句 so that以便，in order that为了, incase以防 Give me your phone number so that I can call you back. 告诉我你的电话号码，这样我就可以给你回电话了。 4 引导结果状语从句 so that所以，so…that…如此……以致，such... that如此……以致 He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.这个男孩如此小，无法去上学。 5 引导原因状语从句 because因为，since因为，as因为 I cant get to sleep because it is too noisy outside.由于外面声音太嘈杂，我睡不着。 6 引导让步 状语从句 though尽管。although尽管，eVen if/though即使 Thought he is very old，he still teaches himself English. 尽管他年龄很大，他仍然自学英语。 7 引导方式 状语从句 as正如，as if/though好像 He stared at me as if he saw me for the first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 8 引导地A 状语从句 where在……的地方，wherever无论何地 We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 9 引导比较 状语从句 as/so... as像一样，than比 Not all events in history are as terrible as this，of course.当然，历史上不是所有的事件都像这个这样 糟糕。 1. so that表示结果和目的的用法区别: 引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便，为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should等词;引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此，所以”。例如: The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mothers day. 为了能够在母亲节给她的母亲买一份礼物，小男孩存下了每一分钱。(目的状语从句) The girl was very hungry so that she ate the wholepizza.那个女孩非常饿以至于她吃了一整个比萨饼。(结果状语从句) 2. whether与if的用法区别: 用作从属连词时.whether和if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，二者可以互换。但以下几种情况中只能用whether： ①与动词不定式连用时。例如: I couldnt decide whether to go.我不确定是否要去 ②引导介词的宾语从句时。例如: There has been no news about whether they havefinished their work.仍然没有他们是否已经完成工作的消息。 ③引导主语从句且里于句首时。例如: Whether it is true remains a question. 它是真是假还是个问题。 ④引导表语从句时。例如: The question is whether it will rain.问题是会不会下雨。 ⑤引导同位语从句时。例如 There is a doubt whether he is fit for the job. 他是否胜任这份工作还有疑问。 ⑥与or not直接连用时。例如 Let me know whetheror not you can win the game.请让我知道你是否能移获胜。 3. though与although的用法区别: ①用作连词，表示“虽然”，两者含义相同，可换用，although比though更为正式。例如: Though/Although we are poor, we are still happy.我们虽然穷，仍然很快乐。 ②用作副词，though可用作副词，一般放在句末，意为“可是，不过”;although不用作副词。例如: Its hard work; I enjoy it though.工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。 ③用于短语，在as though(好像，仿佛),even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用although. ④用于倒装，though引导的让步状语从句可用倒装的形式(注意:倒装后位于句首的名词之前不用冠词)，但although一般不这样用。例如: Child though he was, he did quite well.他虽是个孩子，但干得很好。 4. till与until的用法区别: 这两个词都意为“直到……，一直…为止”，表示一个动作持续到某一时刻或另一动作发生为止，其后的词或从句表示这段时间的终点.在句首时只能用until。在肯定句中，句子(或主句)与延续性动词连用。在否定句中，句子(或主句)可以和非廷续动词连用，这时。until和before近义，表示‘直到……才”。例如: He didnt go to sleep until 12 last night.他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。 Her mother couldnt buy him a piano until he was seven.直到她七岁.她妈妈才有能力给她买一架钢琴。 知识点4常见连词的用法辨析 1.when，while，与as when when既可指时间点，也可指时间段，其引导的从句中的动词可以是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。 When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest. (finished先发生)当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。 while while只指时间段，其引导的从句中的动词必须是延续性动词； while强调主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句的动作同时发生。 While we were swimming，they were reading books.我们在游泳，他们在读书。 as as表示“一边一边，与……同时”，引导的从句表示的是一件事情正在发生，另一件也在进行中。 As the day went on，the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。 When/While/As we were dancing，a stranger came in. ( dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 【知识拓展】 1. when有时作并列连词用，相当于at that/this time，意为“就在这/那时”，而不是“当……时候”。例如: A girl was walking along the street, when she met her friend一个女孩正在街上走着，这时，她遇到了她的朋友。 2. while引导时间状语从句时，主句和从句均可用进行时态。例如: I was drawing while my brother was reading.我在画画的时候，我弟弟在读书。 2.because，since，与as because because是从属连词，表示造成某种情况的直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答由why引导的问句，其从句的位里通常在主句的后面。 He has to leave because it is too late.因为太晚了，他不得不走。 He didnt go to school because he was ill.他因为生病没有去上学。 since since是从属连词.语气比as稍强，不表示直接的或根本的原因，而是一种已知的或非常显然的理由，since引导的从句通常位于主句之前。 Since everyone is here, lets start.既然大家那到齐了，我们就出发吧! Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it.既然你不感兴趣，那找就不告诉你了。 as As是从属连词，表示原因时，语气最弱，所说的原因比较明显或是是已知的事实，它引导的从句一般位于主句之前。 We all like her as she is kind.我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。 As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.因为你不能回答.也许我们该问别的人。 【知识拓展】for也可表示原因，但它是并列连词，强调间接原因和理由，是对前面的分句加以解释或表示推断的原因。for所连接的分句通常位于句尾，前面用逗号分开。例如: There must be in the classroom now, for the light is still on.教室里现在一定有人，因为灯还亮。粉。 3.such…that与so…that such…that such为形容词，后接名词，其结构可分为三种情况: such + a(an) + adj.+单数可数名词+that从句 such + adj+复数可数名词+that从句 such +adj+不可数名词+that从句 He was such an honest man that he waspraised by theteacher.他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。 Theyare such interesting movies that I want to watch them once again这些电影非常有趣，我想再看一遍。 He has made such great progressthat the manager is pleasedwith him.他进步得很快，经理对他感到很满意。 so…that so为副词，与形容词或副词连用其结构是: so+adj (adv.)+that从句 so+adj. +a(an)+单数可数名词+that从句 This is so interesting a book that we all like reading it. 这本书是如此有趣以至于我们都喜欢看。 John ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with her.约翰跑得那么快，我赶不上她。 【易错警示】 1.当名词前面有many, much, few, little等表示数量多少的限定词时，应该用so，而不能用such。例如Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我跌倒了好多次，以至于我的全身青一块紫一块。Peter drank so much wine yesterday that he felt terrible.昨天彼得喝了那么多的酒，以至于他感觉不舒服。 2.当单数可数名词前有形容词时，既可用so，也可用such，但不定冠词的位置却有所不同。如:This is such an important meeting that you should attend it.(=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.)这是一次很重要的会议，你一定要参加。 考点突破 考点1考查并列连词and 1.To make our dreams come true, we should have aims_______ then try our best to achieve it A. and B. but C. or 考点2考查并列连词or 2.Hurry up, ________ youll be late for school. A. but B. and C. or D. then 3. Which do you prefer to use to communicate with your friends, QQ_____ MSN? A. and B. nor C. or D. so 考点3 考查并列连词but 4.-Would you like to go to the cartoon show with me? -It sounds like fun，________ Im too busy. A. so B. for C. or D. but 考点4考查并列连词either…or… 5.一Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai? 一I may live _____ in a hotel_______ in a friends house. A. both; and B. .either; or C. neither…nor… D..not only…but also 考点5考查并列连词so 6.-Are you going out, Mike? Its really late now. -Its the last day to buy tickets to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, ______ I must go now. A. if B. or C. so D. though 考点6考查从属连词until 7.I didnt know the news_______ you told me. Thank you for telling that. A. unless B. though C. until D. while 考点7考查从属连词as soon as 8.-Will you please give this message to Helen? ---Sure. Ill give it to her _______ she arrived here. A. Until B. although C. before D. as soon as 考点8考查从属连词as long as 9.一We will certainly enter a good high school_______ we work hard 一Yes. Our dream will come true by working hard. A .as soon as B. as long as C. as far as D. even if 考点9考查从属连词so that 10. The teacher asked me to read aloud______ all the students could hear me. A. so that B. for C. because D. in order to 考点10考查从属连词because 11. He didnt go to school yesterday________ he was ill A. because B. because of C. if D.so 考点11考查从属连词although/though 12._______ he was very tired, he continued working in his office. A. Since B. Although C. As soon asD. Because 13. ________we felt tired.________ we felt happy. A. Though; but B. If; but C. Though;/ 考点12考查从属连词than 14.-What would you do for your dad on Fathers Day? -I prefer to take him for a trip________ buy him gifts. A.in order to B. no more than C. rather than D. according to 15.It is better to travel 10,000 miles______ to read 10,000 books. A. as B. but C. nor D. than ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1、 随堂检测 1. He can speak English_______ Chinese. 　　A. but B. also C. so D. and 　　2. Physics is not so easy, _______I like it very much. 　　A. but B. or C. since D. because 　　3. Will Tom wait for her at home ______ at the library? 　　A. or B. as C. so that D. both 　　4. She has a son _______ a daughter. 　　A. but B. and C. so D. or 　　5. Ill give her the gift ______ she arrives. 　　A. so B. before C. as soon as D. since 　　6. Tom was ____ill that we had to send for a doctor. 　　A. so B. very C. and D. too 　　7. The woman was____ angry_____ she couldnt speak anything. 　　A. neither…nor B. either…or C. both…and D. so…that 　　8. ______we got home it was very late. 　　A. When B. While C. Because D. As 　　9. We heard clearly_____ she said. 　　A. what B. which C. before D. because 　　10. I cant sleep well at night, ______I often feel very tired in the day. 　　A. so B. because C. and D. or 　　11. When youre learning a foreign language, use it, ______ you will lose it. 　　A. but B. or C. then D. and 　　12. --- Can you play football? 　　--- Yes, I can, ______ I cant play it very well. 　　A. or B. and C. but D. so 　　13. Study hard, ______ you will fall behind. 　　A. and B. but C. so D. or 　　14. My favorite is action movie ______ I think its exciting. 　　A. and B. because C. but D. so 　　15. The boy is very smart, ______ many of his classmates like him. 　　A. but B. so C. or D. for 　　16. He has never heard______ seen such a thing before. 　　A. nor B. and C. or D. since 　　17. _________ John _______I are policemen. 　　A. Neither ... nor B. Either ... or C. Both ... and D. Not only... but also 　　18. Mr Smith teaches ______well ______ his lessons are not easily forgotten. 　　A. very ... that B. quite ... but C. so ... as D. so ... that 　　19. He didnt go to sleep ______he finished his homework. 　　A. till B. before C. after D. until 　　20. I didnt buy the dictionary yesterday ________ my aunt would give me one. 　　A. until B. because C. if D. before 　　21. The runner fell _______ he quickly got up and went on running. 　　A. or B. and C. but D. down 　　22. Wait for me in the room _______ I come back. 　　A. until B. and C. so D. or 　　23. Ill return the books to the library ______ soon as possible. 　　A. as B. so C. just D. but 　　24. Go along the road, _______ youll find the market at the end of it. 　　A. when B. and C. or D. though 　　25. Youll be late ______ you dont get up early tomorrow morning. 　　A. if B. when C. before D. until 　　26. It was late. She washed her face ______ went to bed. 　　A. or B. and C. so D. but 27.He shouted aloud ______he ran alone. A. after B. before C. when D .as 28.Please return the book to me _____you come back. A. as soon as B. when C. while D. as 29..Ring me up____ you come to my house. A. though B as C. before D .then. 30. I must stop writing now ,______I have rather a lot of work to do. A .a B .so C. when D. since 31.The bus didn’t leave _____ everyone get on . A .after B .while C .until D. when 32.I’ll leave a message _____ he will know where we are . A .so that B. as soon as C. for D. that 33. My sister is ____young ____he can’t go to school . A, too , to B. enough; to C. so that D. as ;as 34. His brother got up earlier ____ he could catch the bus . A. as if B .so C . so that D .than 35 .It is almost three years ____I saw he last . A .when B. since C. after D. that 36.---I’m going to the supermarket . ----Will you get me some chocolates ____you are here ,mum . A .since B because C if D . while 37