短文改错课件(总复习).ppt

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1、 Im exciting to hear that you will come to China to spend the Chinese New Years Eve.My family expects your arrive so much.And I am glad to tell you the arrangements during your visit in Beijing advance.If you have some trouble find the right way, you can seek help from the subway staff or ring me up

2、 direct. excitedarrival?infindingdirectlyBefore you arrive, we will have variety traditional activities, such as watching the Spring Festival Gala, making dumplings, and setting off firecrackers. All of which will drop you into a strong atmosphere of festival. In addition to, there are also a series

3、 of interesting games we can play together for entertainment. Aftervariousthem I am eager to seeing you and I hope you will enjoy the festival with my family.see1. 看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对。看不出句子有错，感觉越读越对。2. 看得出句子错误看得出句子错误, 但无法改正。但无法改正。Whats the main trouble when Whats the main trouble when correcting a compos

4、ition?correcting a composition? 考纲解读考纲解读 短文改错是知识和能力的综合测短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、词、句、篇和语法篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试的掌

5、握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。题型。 命题分析命题分析 短文改错试题具有以下特点：短文改错试题具有以下特点： 1 1选材选材 短文改错的文体多为短文改错的文体多为第一第一/ /三人称记三人称记叙文、应用文叙文、应用文( (以书信为主以书信为主) )。一般在。一般在110110词左右。所选取的语言材料贴近实词左右。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，基本上

6、是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。 命题分析命题分析 2 2考点考点 所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。其重所考查的词类覆盖面广，分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等角度考查考点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有无句型结构、习惯搭配等。有无错词、缺词和错词、缺词和多词多词。错词现象错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主

7、谓一致、代词、词形致、代词、词形( (指应该用动词、名词还是形指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式容词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式) )、冠词；冠词；缺词现象缺词现象主要出现在冠词主要出现在冠词( (名词前名词前) )、介词介词( (不及物动词后或固定结构中不及物动词后或固定结构中) )、助动词、助动词、不定式符号不定式符号toto、连词、语义不完整现象等方、连词、语义不完整现象等方面；面；多词现象多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。 短文改错是考生失分较多的题短文改错是

8、考生失分较多的题型。型。原因有两个方面原因有两个方面：一是错误的一是错误的不确定性不确定性。这主要是因为和传统的。这主要是因为和传统的短文改错相比，新课标短文改错每短文改错相比，新课标短文改错每行可能有两个错误。行可能有两个错误。二是因为设错二是因为设错的内容多为考生在平常进行语言操的内容多为考生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。练时常犯的错误。比如：写作中用比如：写作中用到的关键词，语言学习中的负迁移到的关键词，语言学习中的负迁移现象，容易忽视的虚词、小品词等。现象，容易忽视的虚词、小品词等。做好短文改错题应注重做好短文改错题应注重以下技巧：以下技巧：1 1“规范性规范性”原则：原则：要严格按

9、照示要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。要记住范规定的符号改错。要记住“”、“”、“”分别表示分别表示错词纠正、错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。明或用箭头表示。 2 2“四不改四不改”原则：原则：单词拼写单词拼写不改；不改；大小写不改；大小写不改；词序错误不词序错误不改改( (应从错词或少词方面考虑应从错词或少词方面考虑) )；标标点符号不改。点符号不改。 3 3“五改动五改动”原则：原则：忠实于原忠实于原文原则文原则( (不可改变原文的原意不可改变原文的原意) )；一一对一原则对一原则( (一错一词一错一词) )；错误以改动错误以改动最少为

10、原则；最少为原则；虚词以添加或者删除虚词以添加或者删除为原则；为原则；实词以改变形式为原则。实词以改变形式为原则。应试原则1. 1. 改变形式以改变形式以 “ “实词实词”居多居多2.2.添删以添删以 “ “虚词虚词”居多居多3.3.多多“改正改正”少少“添删添删”4.4.改后要保持原意不变改后要保持原意不变5.5.小心局部通顺陷阱小心局部通顺陷阱1通读全文，掌握大意。通读全文，掌握大意。短文改错涉及行文逻辑及句子与句子间必要的短文改错涉及行文逻辑及句子与句子间必要的联系。单独看可能是对的，但从整体看却有可能上联系。单独看可能是对的，但从整体看却有可能上下文不符。做短文改错时应该下文不符。做短

11、文改错时应该树立整体意识树立整体意识，应从，应从短文整体入手。短文改错实际上间接地考查学生的短文整体入手。短文改错实际上间接地考查学生的文意理解和纠错能力，所以考生必须文意理解和纠错能力，所以考生必须在阅读并且在在阅读并且在理解了文章的基础上理解了文章的基础上去发现并改正错误。因此，事去发现并改正错误。因此，事先应该快速粗读一遍短文，留心文中关键的词句，先应该快速粗读一遍短文，留心文中关键的词句，把握文章的大意及上下文之间的联系，为下一步判把握文章的大意及上下文之间的联系，为下一步判断和改错奠定基础。断和改错奠定基础。2整句理解，逐行分析。整句理解，逐行分析。 在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基础

12、上，对照上在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基础上，对照上下文下文逐行逐字细读逐行逐字细读，分行判断，理清句意，找出，分行判断，理清句意，找出上下文之间的内在联系及其行文逻辑关系，检查上下文之间的内在联系及其行文逻辑关系，检查句子的结构是否完整。总之，在分析句子过程中，句子的结构是否完整。总之，在分析句子过程中，考生应对每句话的句子成分进行分析，根据上文考生应对每句话的句子成分进行分析，根据上文讲的错误类型确定主谓是否一致、动宾结构搭配讲的错误类型确定主谓是否一致、动宾结构搭配是否合理、时态语态是否正确、非谓语动词的形是否合理、时态语态是否正确、非谓语动词的形式是否正确、是否多词或少词、句子与句子之

13、间式是否正确、是否多词或少词、句子与句子之间的逻辑关系是否正确以及上下文的意思是否连贯。的逻辑关系是否正确以及上下文的意思是否连贯。3复读全文，检查核对。复读全文，检查核对。 回头重读全文验证答案，将初步改错的回头重读全文验证答案，将初步改错的短文再次细读。在复读检查过程中，短文再次细读。在复读检查过程中，既要重视文字、句子的字面意思，又既要重视文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻要弄清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻辑关系及篇章结构。看错误类型的比辑关系及篇章结构。看错误类型的比例是否得当例是否得当( (错词、缺词和多词比例一错词、缺词和多词比例一般为：般为：8 8：1 1：1

14、 1) )、前后逻辑是否一致、前后逻辑是否一致、有无前后矛盾等现象。有无前后矛盾等现象。 At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Jim was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. A sitting room looked rea

15、lly beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas tree lights were shining brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily.At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the

16、 room! They put them in the corner of the sitting room. Jim was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. A sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment. _On_chose_tall_it动词形式习惯用法习惯用法形容词/副词代词动词形式lights名词数The冠词beautiful形容词/副词There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas tree l

17、ights were shining brightly. Jim and hisparents singing and dancing happily.andwere动词形式动词形式连词连词/逻辑逻辑错误主要包括两类：时态和语态、主谓一致错误主要包括两类：时态和语态、主谓一致。1.Last winter vacation, some of my classmates decide to travel with their friends , while I chose to take a part-time job. 2.Anyone can borrow books if he or she

18、 wish. decidedwishes一、动词形式3.You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the other books, but you are not permit to take them out. 4.When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said， permittedtore 考点剖析考点剖析 (1) (1) 短文中短文中时态的使用前后不一致时态的使用前后不一致 . .(2) (2) 在特定语境条件下时态的

19、误用在特定语境条件下时态的误用( (如含有状语从句的复合句中，主如含有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时态，而从句中则用一句用将来时态，而从句中则用一般现在时态般现在时态) .) .(3) (3) 主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态的混用的混用(1) (1) 通读全文，搞清文中动词时态通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律的主旋律 . .(2) (2) 结合语境，灵活运用时态形式结合语境，灵活运用时态形式 . .(3) (3) 认真推敲，准确把握主动与被认真推敲，准确把握主动与被 动动. . 解决方案名词单、复数形式名词单、复数形式Your knowledges of Greece can hel

20、p the whole class. knowledge1.If you have interests in it, reply to me soon. 2.Most of the students in our class are now making rapid progresses3.In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. progressskyinterest From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each

21、 of my toy.toys 1. . 理清可数与不可数名词之间的区理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系别与联系 . . 2. 2. 记清一些用于固定词组中名词记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法的特殊用法 . . 3. 3.结合语境认真分辨同义名词或结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义名词近义名词 . . 解决方法三、形容词和副词三、形容词和副词主要错误：1.形容词和副词混用；形容词和副词混用； 2. 2. 级的错用级的错用修饰名词修饰名词，bebe动词，系动词要用形动词，系动词要用形容词容词修饰动词，形容词，整个句子用副修饰动词，形容词，整个句子用副词词比较级和最高级的使用比较级和最高级的使用

22、 I got to the finishing line first. I won the race. I felt very proudly of myself. We should work hardly to achieve our goals. She was usual patient with her students and never made them disappointed.usuallyproudhard We lived in a comfortably double We lived in a comfortably double room with a big b

23、ath. room with a big bath. Whenever I think of the old days, I Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. feel very happily. comfortablecomfortablehappyhappy (1) 形容词和副词的混用，是短文改错中常见的考点之一 . (2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用. (3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用以及近义词的误用 .考点剖析 1. 不定式不定式符号符号to的多余与遗漏的多余与遗漏2. 现在分词与过去分词混用现在分词与过去分词混

24、用Li Ming came see me everyday. to四、非谓语动词1.It is one of the funniest things finding on the Internet so far this year.2.The big fire burned hundreds of houses, made hundreds of families homeless.makingfound I also shared for(with) my friends many photos taking in Beijing. Third, we should find ways to

25、 reuse the water using in washing, especially bath watertakenused To begin with, all of us can start To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by reducing to the use of oil by driving onlydriving only(1) (1) 纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词 所作的句子成分所作的句子成分. .(2) (2) 系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能系统掌握

26、非谓语动词的句法功能. .(3) (3) 前后联系，整体把握前后联系，整体把握 . .解决方法五五、 代词代词格格I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked. mine1.Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed! 2.I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did(went) wrong, I got angry and broke it.mys

27、elfthem考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面： 1) 代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误. 2) “it” 一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语). 3) 不定代词或反身代词的误用1. 连词连词but， and， or和和so的用法错误的用法错误2. 冠词冠词 a, an, the 误用或混用误用或混用I meant to write long letter and tell you all the things Im doing at schoola 六、冠词、连词六、冠词、连词 It is in the downtown area, but it is easy

28、 to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.so 主要考查习惯搭配的基础知识，其错误主要考查习惯搭配的基础知识，其错误主要有三种：主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。多词、少词和搭配错误。 catch a sight of lose my heart in hurry in Sunday afternoon such many people in a shortaonso七、习惯用法七、习惯用法1.Be strict at sb2.Be responsible with sb/sth3.Be in business4.Have st

29、h on common5.Have an effect in sb6.Lose the heart7.Make a great progresswithforoninon1.The war was broke out2.The accident was happened3.Share sth for sb4.A pair of shoe5.A lot of equipments6.General speaking7.As soon as possiblywithequipmentgenerallypossibleshoes It is such great hotel that I would

30、 recommend it to any friend of me(mine) who is going to Beijing.a解析方案解析方案:(1) 平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆特别是一些固定搭配的记忆 . (2) 强化语法训练，分清连词，副词强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能和介词之间的区别和句法功能 . (3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来起来 .八、句子成分八、句子成分 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结

31、构的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。错误。 She looked at me and started to laugh. “How are you laughing?” I asked.Why1. I was lucky enough to have a teacher which didnt take my bad grades as a judgment of my abilities, but 2. But before long they began to see which was happenin

32、g. who/thatwhat九、逻辑错误九、逻辑错误 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴张冠李戴。 Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot. Although my bike is old, but it is in good condition.when I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help s

33、ave water.because/as/since In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.until/till考点剖析考点剖析: (1) 并列连并列连but ,and ,or, so 等词的混等词的混用，常常出现在改错题中。用，常常出现在改错题中。(2) 并列连词和从属连词的混用。并列连词和从属连词的混用。(3) 平行结构方面的错误。平行结构方面的错误。I was playing at my cousin house. Since his family was

34、rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. There was one on particular Id always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasnt looking. richerinit/that名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词介词介词代词代词cousinsI guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again; I would always know Id done something wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home. 非谓语非谓语face动词动词Later副词搭配副词搭配When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.副词副词slowlyknew动词动词副词副词neverPractice makes perfect.