《第七讲英语名词短语中的限定词.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第七讲英语名词短语中的限定词.docx(14页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载第七讲英语名词短语中的限定词Determiners in Noun Phrases一、 限定词的定义 ( Defining the notion of“ determiner”) 限定词不同于修饰语 ( modifier )。限定词是用来表示名词短语中中心词( head noun)( 68 页)是特指(specific reference)仍是类指( generic reference),是表示确定数量( definite quantity )仍是不确定( indefinitequant
2、ity )数量,是指称部分仍是整体,起限 定作用的一类词。 修饰语 只是在语义上增加名词中心词的“描画”信息,使之更详细。因此限定词通常是必不行少的,而修饰语一般是可有可无的。 限定词只能位于名词前,而修饰语许多就可以位于名词后, 特殊是形容词短语作修饰语时。限定词无短语成分,形容词等修饰语有短语成分。True or false.Determiners are words that are used to describe head nouns in nounphrases.(68 页-71 页)请看下面的例子(课本68 页):( 1) A deer can stand as soon as
3、it is born.(2) ) Thousands of visitors come to this museum every year.(3) ) The oldand the young sometimes findithard to understand each other.(4) ) All the first three winners in the game were Chinese.(5) ) This company decides to pay the workers by the hour.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - -
4、- - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载(6) ) Come and see us whenever you have any time.(7) ) To tell you the truth, I do not like either color very much.( 8) I have to read all these books for my course.请说出上面各句中的名词短语有哪些,留意其中
5、的限定词。二、 限定词的类型 ( Types of determiners)(69 页)依据它们在指称名词时发挥的不同作用,英语限定词通常可以分为五类:(一) 冠词( articles):仍可分为三类: 定冠词( Definite Article ): the。不定冠词 ( Indefinite Article ):a, an。零冠词( Zero Article )。(二) 物主限定词(possessives):包括物主代词(Possessive Pronoun): my, your, his, her, our, your, their, ones, its 以及名词属格( Generic
6、Noun):Tom s, my mothers。(三) 指示限定词( demonstratives):在语义上和定冠词有紧密 联系, 用来指明所指物的数量以及与说话人的距离远近。定冠词几乎总是非重读的, 而指示词却经常需要重读。 指示限定词包括: this, that, these, those, such。(四) 量限定词( quantifiers ):指明名词的数量,仍可细分为四类:全部(inclusive )( all, each, every, whole)、大量( large quantity)( many, much)、适量或少量( moderate or small quanti
7、ty)、任意量或否定量( arbitrary/negative member or amount)( any, either, no,neither)。(五) 数词( numerals):包括基数词( cardinal numerals)、序数可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载词( ordinal numerals)、倍数词
8、( multiplicative numerals )( twice, three times)和分数词(fractionalnumerals)( onethird,twothirds)。基数词在语义上和量限定词相近,不同之处在于基数词供应详细的数量。序数词指明名词的次序。除了上述五类,仍有疑问限定词( what, which, whose)和关系限定词( which, whose)。72 页课内练习2。 76 页课后练习1。三、限定词在名词短语中的排列次序 (orderofdeterminers ina noun phrase)( 69-70)依据限定词在名词短语中所处的位置, 限定词又可分
9、为三种: 前位限定词( predeterminers)、中位限定词( central determiners)和后位限定词( post-determiners)。前位限定词有: 1、all,both, half;2、倍数词 double, twice,three times 等。 3、分数词 one-third, two -fifths等。中位限定词有: 1、定冠词和不定冠词。2、物主限定词(物主代 词和 s 属格名词)。3、指示限定词。 4、不定数量词 ( some, few, no, any, every, each, either, neithe)r 。5、疑问限定词和关系限定词。 后位
10、限定词有: 1、基数词。2、序数词(包括一般序数词next, last, past, another, additional, further )。 3、封闭数量词( closed-system quantifiers)( few, fewer, several, most, more, many, much, little, less, least)。 4、开放数量词( open-system quantifiers)( plenty of, a bit of, a lot of, lots of, a great deal of, a number of以及bags of, heaps可编
11、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载of 等)。( 73 页练习 5)(跨类限定词: such, what, many)从名称可以看出三类限定词的相对位置,当名词前有多个限定词时,它们的次序是:前+中+后+名词。请看例句。(70 页)(9) Thevolunteerscamefromallthethirty-twoprovince
12、s, municipalities and regions.(10) In all your foursentences the singular form is acceptable, but not the plural one.(11) Alltheselastfewdayswehavebeenpreparingforthe qualifying test.* 留意:( 70 页)当两个同位限定词一起位于名词前时,有以下几种情形:1、前位限定词是相互排斥的,在一个名词短语中的中心名词前只能有一个前位限定词, 如:all both sides, all half apple, all do
13、ublehours 都是不正确的说法。2、中位限定词也是相互排斥的。 如:the every book, his some books就不对。3、后位限定词不相互排斥,请看以下例句: He will stay here for the first 3 days of the month. Where will you be during the next few weeks.I have two more hats than he does.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页 - - - - - -
14、- - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载Many such regulations are also applicable to us. Another such disaster and he will be ruined.I ll be here for another five/few weeks.The last two pages are missing. The two last pages are missing. Which is wrong.The last tw
15、o pages of this book are missing. The two last pages of this book are missing. Which is wrong.The second last page is missing. The last second page is missing. True or false.Functionally speaking, determiners can be subdivided intopre-determiners, central determiners and post-determiners(.71 页)练习(见课
16、本)补充:.each 与 every 都有“每个”的意思,但二者含义及语法功能不同,主要区分是:1. each既可用作形容词, 又可用作代词, 在句中可以作定语, 主语、宾语、同位语、状语等。Each student has his own dictionary . 形容词,定语 Each has his good point . 代词,主语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - -
17、- - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载Our head teacher had a talk with each of us . 代词,宾语 The students each have a desk .代 词,同位语 The children can have a bag each . 副词,状语 2. each与 every 都可用作形容词, 在句中作定语, 但 each 更强调个人或个别, every 更强调全体或全部。比较:I know each number of your family. I know every number of your family .3. e
18、ach指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”。every 是指许多人或事物的“全体”,与 all 的意思相近。试译:这条街上每边都有许多商店。误 There are many shops on every side of the street .正 There are many shops on each side of the street .我给她父母每人一件礼物。误 I gave a present to every one of her parents .正 I gave a present to each of her parents.4. 指上下文提到过的确定数目中的“每一个”时,
19、要用 each。 假如上下文没有提准时,不能用 each,要用 everyone 等。试译: 我认为这三个答案个个都正确。误 I think every answer of the three is right .正 I think each of the three answers is right .我观察人人都忙着工作。误 I saw each was busy with his work .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -学习好资料欢迎下载正 I saw everyone was busy with his work .单元音 12双元音 8可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载
限制150内