外文文献论文—自然简约—对室内设计现象分析.doc

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1、 2021 届本科毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译学 院： 计算机科学与工程学院 专 业： 数字媒体 (用外文写)外文出处： Natural simplicity analysis of the phenomenon of interior design 附 件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 附件1：外文资料翻译译文 自然简约对室内设计现象分析远古时期,中国的木构架建筑东方古印度的石窟建筑欧洲古希腊古罗马的石砌建筑等等装饰与构件紧密结合,与建筑主体溶为一体然而十七世纪初欧洲巴洛克时代和十八世纪中叶的洛可可时代,开始了室内装饰与建筑主体的别离,外部的建筑主体与内部的装修在使用年限上不匹配,

2、因而导致建筑主体与室内装饰的别离,在营造法国宫廷建筑和贵族宅邸时,新的职业“装饰工匠诞生了,对建筑物的内部频繁不断地进行改装,不动建筑主体,更换建筑“服装的时期已经到来巴洛克式建筑的室内设计,一反文艺复兴时期的严肃含蓄平衡,倾向于豪华浮夸在教堂及宫殿中把建筑雕塑绘画结合成一个整体,追求动势与起伏,企图造成幻象而洛可可式建筑室内那么是皇宫贵族为了得到舒适的私密的室内而追求优雅的更为亲切的室内装饰效果具有纤细轻巧华美和繁琐的装饰性;喜用C形S形或漩涡形的曲线和轻淡柔和的色彩,多以花鸟贝壳为题材,并为适应宫廷的异国情趣要求,在室内采用了许多中国式装饰巴洛克和洛可可式的手工制作到达了装饰的极致,被称为

3、“室内装饰的代表近代工业革命的大开展,出现了新型的混凝土建筑,它不仅使室内装饰从建筑主体中脱离,而且开展成为不依附于建筑主体而相对独力的局部别离派运动解开了单纯装饰部件与建筑主体相结合的矛盾,成为现代主义设计的先驱包豪斯学派强调功能决定形式,认为空间是建筑的主角,提倡抛弃外表虚假的装饰,一切围绕着架构合理的空间效劳要求排除装饰,强调使用功能以及造型的简单化 自然风格倡导设计自然空间,美学上推崇“自然美, 力求表现悠闲舒畅自然的田园生活情趣,也常运用天然木石藤竹等材质质朴的纹理巧于设置室内绿化,创造自然简朴清新淡雅的气氛只有崇尚自然结合自然,才能在当今高科技高节奏的社会生活中,使人们能取得生理和

4、心理的平衡简约不等于简单,它是一种生活态度当我们在现代生活中,承受太多的压力,我们开始渴望拥有自由的感觉优雅的姿态和非凡的品位我们需要让急躁的心境趋向平和,于是我们呼唤简约从大的建筑空间到普通的居住空间,从职业设计师到普通公民,自然简约风格开始成为室内设计界非常流行的方向简约的精神起源主要源自于二十世纪初期的西方现代主义英国JOHNPawson与法国的ClaudioSilverstein两位室内设计师在80年代中期引领了简约主义的设计潮流当时欧美的经济不景气,艺廊老板们开始在艺术品的展示空间上找出路,一些报费的工厂车间简单布置,成为艺术展厅,目的是以最少的经费作出最好的展示空间,而这么做的结果

5、就是简化空间,不装饰多余的东西,实际上,这也反映了一种新审美的出现从设计居家引入到艺廊的设计,使得展示空间与艺术品呈现出同一种美学特征简约艺术也就在这个时候开始与室内设计相吻合,并逐渐开始流行起来,到现在简约主义成了室内设计追崇的风格 回归自然的简约主义是人类特有的劳动成果其目的是以简洁的表现形式来满足人们对空间环境那种感性的本能的和理性的需求从某种意义上说,简约主义的盛行是人类开展的必然趋势 自然简约的室内设计营造的是一种诗意的空间我们知道,“诗的艺术特点就是用极其简洁的语汇,按照一定的规那么组合,形成“诗这样一种语言,其字里行间包含了极大的空间,一种隐含的静态的空间在设计中把人的思想情感,

6、人生的向往注入到环境中去,通过“意境将其立体空间地再现于现实中,使人入其境,那么忘乎其身,这是一种超乎物质感受的精神感受, “意境的创造,正是通过气氛的营造来到达表达某种精神意义上的“亲和力实际上,简约主义室内设计就是这样一种“诗意空间的营造用极简的物体摆设产生想象使用空间,这个空间实际上是一种副空间,有各个家具组合产生的副空间,它往往给人视觉上“空的感觉,而“空犹如诗所产生的“意境,极大调动着身处其中的人的情绪,激发人的联想能力简约室内设计强调形式美感如果说,一般的室内设计把家具,诸如沙发桌子等物品称为主体物的话,那么简约主义室内设计是不存在这样的区分的简约主义室内设计认为处在空间中的任何局

7、部都分担着同样重要的作用,包括墙面地面顶面等空间中所有物体的协调组合具有很强的形式美感,这主要表达在点线面三个空间元素的表现上中国几千年的文化,沉淀出多少恒世佳作,特别是中国汉代建筑更是集精华美妙之灵气,以“简单厚实精准雅致为原那么,将东方特有的审美观念,独立浑厚的气质凝练渺远的简约神韵,响绝于世它至今还影响着国际建筑的设计理念,也影响着室内设计的美感 设计之所以能以尽量少的语言表达尽量多的信息,有赖于其将诸多设计表现形式要素科学的融合在一起,其中色彩的选择和使用起了十分关键的作用我们知道色彩是不同波长的光反射和吸收的结果,光的传播速度比图形文字的传播速度快,这使得它让人在第一时间感受到,所以

8、对空间最先感受到的就是色彩,而不同色彩可以引起人们不同的心理反映和感受在自然简约的室内设计中,黑色和白色以及材料的本色是它的代表色,也是常常使用的颜色,这些颜色被认为是最没有倾向的颜色,对人的视觉干扰最小同时室内设计也强调对光的使用,往往通过天窗等获取自然光源,这对塑造一种轻淡整一的色彩空间起着相当重要的作用,也表达了简约主义所宣扬的简洁但不简单的风格 每一个表现手段都以居住为目的,对每一个局部都强调其功能性和舒适性实际上,这种对功能的充分表述表达了设计的根本美学原理,也是很容易理解的,任何设计都是以人为效劳对象的,人在消费设计的时候,最主要是消费它的实用功能所以,当我们看到一张看似坚硬的座椅

9、,不要马上判断它必然带给你冰冷的感觉,坐上去的一刹那,也许正是它背上的那道不经意的弧线带给你恰倒好处的舒适体验 通常被称作美学标准的这种准那么可以从另一个更普遍易懂的层面更好地进行理解。超越了功能和结构的设计的这些方面关系到设计呈现给人类感官的特定方式。我们使用一个物体实现某种需要或需求，并且希望它的物质结构支持这种用途。我们通过观看、触摸并形成一种超乎这个物体单纯用途的感官体验来了解一个物体。首先让我们认识构成的各个元素。当我们识别诸如石材、玻璃或钢铁等材料时，我们所看到的是不同的色彩、色调和质地。这不仅仅是从光滑到粗糙的变化，而且包括装饰和雕刻的变化。在一个大的构成或是隔一定距离欣赏的任一

10、设计中，稍大的元素，甚至是住宅群中的每一幢住宅都能产生质地的效果。这可以通过诸如孟塞尔色彩体系的研究来进行详细地分析。对于现在的目的而言，我们仅仅提及色彩的色相，但是不管怎样我们也不能落下色彩的次要特性，如亮度、饱和度和透明度等，这些特性可以在构成时扩展出各种可能的变化。这通常被看作是色彩理论的一局部。它指的是孟塞尔体系中的灰度，并通过一系列的灰色来描述从白到黑的无色梯度。在设计构成中，我们发现把色调割裂开来考虑将很有帮助。它在建筑和用来表现建筑的图纸中都起着非常重要的作用。每一个建筑都有表达方向的元素。大多数的建筑都具有强烈的垂直向和水平向元素，这些方向通过建筑的整体形状、局部与结构部件、窗

11、户与其它开口表达出来。通过研究建筑的室内或室外能够根据它们的构成来评价有关水平和垂直的总体视觉效果。在建筑学中，这是关于矩形各边和体积的几何关系，也是关于构成物不同局部间的比率或比拟。我们不能精确地目测出这些关系，但是我们可以将它们进行比拟，并且根据比例来判断一个物体同另一物体的关系。这可产生自在视觉上强于其它局部的一个色彩、色调或质地的效果。方向上的主导性意味着水平线总体上强于垂直线，或与之相反，垂直线占优势。一个实胜于虚的主导性或相反的情况需要防止均等的抗衡，因为这可能破坏统一。一个主导性的形式或形状能有助于产生统一的感觉。显而易见，统一无法在有二元性或视觉均等元素抗衡的情况下存在。这是统

12、一的另一个方面。色彩的协调严格讲来是指通过在色环上彼此相近而相关联的色彩，也就是说在一个色相上有关联的色彩，举例来说，如均靠近黄色色相扇区的褐色、金色和黄色。这将由趣味性来产生，而在视觉设计中，统一的这个方面主要但并非唯一地由比照产生。色彩、色调或质地的比照、方向或比例的比照、实与虚的比照都能给设计添加趣味和生机。但是就像过份的协调将导致单调一样，过多的比照或太多的比照元素将削弱协调并导致产生均等趣味的多重性。虽然是多种元素共存，但不代表乱搭一气，混搭是否成功，关键还是要确定一个“基调，以这种风格为主线，其他风格做点缀，分出有轻有重，有主有次。中式或亚洲式的设计一向以简约、质感见长，如果能够巧

13、妙地与西方现代、创新的概念结合，那么你可以完成一个时下最时尚的混搭之家。 一、 家具混搭 容易混搭的三类方式：设计风格一致，但形态、色彩、质感各异的家具;色彩不一样，但形态相似的家具;设计、制作工艺非常好的家具，无论古今中外，也不管色彩、形态、质感、材料是否一致。1.现代简约的3+2沙发搭配一张古典优雅的主人椅，便能凸显整个空间的视觉感，并且彰显主人独特的个性与品位;2.西式现代家具与同样线条简单的中国明式家具的组合也能产生不错的效果，比方用现代沙发搭配明式圈椅。客厅中放一个中式木箱充当茶几，甚至把风格完全不同的几把凳子摆在一起，只要感觉对了，你想怎么搭就怎么搭。贴士:中式和西式家具的搭配比例

14、最好是37。因为中式老家具的造型和色泽十分抢眼，可自然地使室内充满怀古气息，但太多反而会显得杂乱无章。此外,尽量挑选比拟实用的，除了欣赏之外，还可赋予老家具新的生命。 二、材质混搭在材质上，可采用的选择也十分多元，皮革与金属，皮革与木头，瓷与木头，塑料与金属等等。提供的发挥线索1.墙壁用南欧风味的复古砖，地板用现代感明亮的抛光石英砖，轻松产生比照效果。2.用地砖做拼花设计，进门就有休闲放松的感觉。3.只换掉一面墙壁的颜色，选用大胆鲜艳的颜色和图样，或者购置一些具有混搭效果的墙纸更加省事。 三、家纺混搭 在欧洲，家纺品多风格交融的趋势同样存在，比方在许多当地家庭装饰中，家具和织品的颜色是当代的，

15、但是装饰灯、窗帘帷帐等又是传统的。提供的发挥线索1.在床品图案上，可以借鉴的有古代青花与西洋玫瑰、现代风格的纹理与古典盘扣，民间剪纸与蕾丝，流苏，羽毛与牛仔的融合等等。2.如果偏爱浓烈的色调，深红+翠绿，橙色+深蓝，深黄+深红+纯黑等最不可能搭配在一起的颜色组合，也往往能取到出奇制胜的效果。 四、装饰混搭这是最简单但也许是最有效的方法。选用一些点睛的小饰品，如薄纱透光窗帘、藤制灯饰，蓝绸大伞、真丝屏风可以轻松呈现异国情调。提供的发挥线索1.假设要让家里呈现华美怀旧风，编织的灯饰、有珠珠的抱枕、珠帘都是可以利用的小元素。2.几块少数民族图腾、东南亚的民俗布，即可展现异国风格。在一些特色家饰店里，

16、有不少印度、尼泊尔的布料、抱枕、地毯可以选择，随意铺在沙发上，或当窗帘，做地毯，家里气氛立刻大变。3.选用古旧的收藏品作装饰，既可以表达工艺和文化背景，又能淡化现代居室的冰冷，使空间更加厚重沉稳。但一定要带着美学修养去“集，不然家里很容易变成“杂货铺。贴士：想要混搭个性化的家，先要把整体搭配的元素想好，比方东西看腻后的替换运用，或者将特殊的摆设换个地方放，都有不同的味道。应该说,自然简约的室内设计展现的是一种生活方式,它让我们更接近自然,更强调功能,更关注生活本身 对简洁的理解因人而异,由于人们的年龄见识素养生活背景的不同,所产生的品味要求也就不同社会的开展,时代的进步,新思维新结构新材料的出

17、现必定会产生与此适应的装饰新概念新形式新空间简洁这一现代的装饰表现形式已经深入影响到建筑产品工业产品生活产品等诸多领域几根钢管,一个木桩,一个布堆就能做出不同形式的现代家具它已悄然让人们的生活方式和思想观念产生质的变化有人认为简洁的设计风格必然会一枝独秀,成为21世纪人们生活追求的时尚 以简洁的表现形式来满足人们对空间环境那种感性的本能的和理性的需求,这也是当今国际社会流行的设计风格而现代人快节奏高频率满负荷,已让人到了无可复加的接受地步人们在这日趋繁忙的生活中,渴望得到一种能彻底放松以简洁和纯洁来调节转换精神的空间,这是人们在互补意识支配下,所产生的亟欲摆脱繁琐复杂追求简单和自然的心理在印尼

18、巴里岛旅馆系列设计中,灵感来自巴里岛上的民俗风格,但在空间架构及动线安排上是延伸简约设计的精神在材料表现上,出现了自然原始的当地原木,草席及石板设计师将这些具有自然民俗的元素用精确及简洁的细部来处理以加强主题,同时也将装饰的局部简单化,所呈现的空间可以说是现代巴里岛风格 纵观世界建筑设计大师们无论是德国密斯凡德罗还是美国的理查德迈耶日本的安藤忠雄美籍华人贝聿铭,他们都以最纯洁的形式,用相当普通的材料,使用最精简的手法,表现出非常深度的内涵和崇高的空间气质他们一件件充满灵性的作品有着无穷的生命力,他们的设计思想震撼着当今时代也引领着时代潮流的开展附件2：外文原文Natural simplicit

19、y - on interior design AnalysisAncient times, Chinese wooden framework architecture of ancient India, the Orient, Europe, building caves in ancient Greece, ancient Rome and so on decorative stone building closely integrated with the components, with the main building, however. dissolved into Europe

20、in the early seventeenth century Baroque times and the mid-eighteenth century the Rococo era, began with the interior decoration of the main building separated from the main building external and internal fitting-out period in the use of the mismatch, thus leading to the main building and interior d

21、ecoration of the separation, in the construction of the French court architecture and aristocratic mansion, the new occupation decorative artisan was born, the buildings internal frequency continuous modification, fixed the main building, the replacement building, clothing the time has come. Baroque

22、-style architecture of the interior design, one anti-Renaissance solemn, subtle, balanced, tend to exaggerate. luxury, in churches and palaces in the architecture, sculpture, painting into a whole, the pursuit of momentum with the ups and downs, but an attempt to cause the illusion. Rococo interior

23、architecture is the palace of nobility in order to be intimate and comfortable, elegant interior and the pursuit of a more intimate interior decorative effect. with thin, lightweight, beautiful and complex decorative; hi-shaped, with C-shaped or S-shaped curve of the vortex and soft pastel colors wi

24、th flowers and birds, many shells as a theme, and the court order to meet the requirements of the exotic, much used in interior decoration. Chinese-style Baroque and Rococo-style hand-made decoration reached perfection, referred to as interior decoration. modern representatives of the great developm

25、ent of the industrial revolution, there has been a new type of concrete building, its interior decoration not only from the main building from the Medium, and developed into the main building and not attached to the sole part of the relative separation. Sports camp solved simply decorative building

26、components with a combination of the main contradictions in modernist design become a pioneer in the Bauhaus school of thought. decision to emphasize the functional form, consider the space of the building are the protagonist, advocate discarding false surface decoration, all around the architecture

27、 reasonable space requirements Services. exclude decoration, emphasis on the use of functions and simplified shapes.Advocate the design of the natural style of natural space, aesthetic promoted the idea that natural beauty to the performance of relaxed, comfortable, natural pastoral life, and is oft

28、en the use of natural wood, stone, rattan, bamboo and other materials rustic texture. clever in interior settings greening, create a natural, simple, fresh and elegant atmosphere. only upholds nature, combined with the natural order in todays high-tech, high-paced social life, so that people can ach

29、ieve physical and psychological balance.Simple does not mean easy, it is an attitude towards life. when we are in modern life, to bear too much pressure, we began to look for the feeling of freedom, graceful posture and extraordinary taste. we need to tend to a peaceful state of mind impetuous, So w

30、e call for simplicity. from the building space to the general living space, from designers to the ordinary citizen vocational naturally simple style - interior design has become very popular direction.The spirit of simplicity is mainly derived from the origin to the early twentieth century Western M

31、odernism. Britain and France JOHNPawson two ClaudioSilverstein interior designers in the mid 80s to lead the trend of minimalism design. Europe and the United States at the time of economic downturn, the Art Gallery bosses began to display works of art space to find a way out, some reported costs fa

32、ctory floor layout easy to become art exhibition hall, the purpose of funding is based on at least make the best display space, while the results of doing so is to simplify the space, not decoration superfluous things, in fact, this also reflects the emergence of a new aesthetic design. from home in

33、to the design of art galleries, the exhibition space with works of art showing the characteristics of the same type of aesthetic simplicity. art at this time it started with the interior coincide with the design and gradually began to slip to the present minimalism became the style of interior desig

34、n and pursue careers.Return to nature of minimalism are human-specific labor. its purpose is to concise form of expression to meet the peoples space environment, the kind of instinctive, emotional and rational needs. In a sense, the prevalence of minimalism are the inevitable trend of human developm

35、ent.In the past, Interiors were put together instinctively as a part of the process of building. The profession of interior design has been a consequence of the development of society and the complex architecture that has resulted from the development of industrial processes. The pursuit of effectiv

36、e use of space, user well-being and functional design has contributed to the development of the contemporary interior design profession.In ancient India, architects used to work as interior designers. This can be seen from the references of Vishwakarma the architect - one of the Gods in Indian mytho

37、logy. Additionally, the sculptures depicting ancient texts, events are seen in palaces built in 17th century India.Throughout the 18th century and into the early 19th Century, interior decoration was the concern of the homemaker or, in well off families an upholsterer or craftsman may influence the

38、style of the interior space. Architects would also employ craftsmen or artisans to complete interior design for their buildings. Towards the end of the 19th century interior decorating emerged as a profession in the Western world. This was due to various actions, particularly by women, to preprofess

39、ional the homemaking process. Elsie De Wolfe has been credited with the creation of the interior decorating profession. Having successfully re-designed her own home, De Wolfe began offering her services to other people within her social circle. As people began offering interior decoration as a servi

40、ce the professionalization of this service gained momentum.This movement towards professionalization was reinforced by the publication of books on the subject. Publications include the book Suggestions for House Decoration in Painting, Woodwork and Furniture (1876) by Anges and Rhoda Garrett, Elsie

41、De Wolfes The House in Good Taste (1913) and articles by Candice Wheeler such as Principles of Home Decoration with Practical Examples (1903). Most of the books were published by women and clearly suggested the profession was within the womens domain, E.g. The two-part article Interior Decoration as

42、 a Profession for Women (1895), written by Candice Wheeler.As previously mentioned, before formal interior decorators evolved the job was the concern of craftsmen or upholsterers. This means that many decorators at this time were dealers in the elements needed for interiors. This called into questio

43、n the qualifications of the decorator and their standing as an independent adviser. This gave term interior decorator negative connotations for some, as a painter or curtain sales person can be a self-appointed decorator. Hence, the decorators favored term Interior Designer. Interior design has now

44、developed past the point of decoration and the terms, although overlapping, are distinct.The most prominent development of the interior design profession was after World War II. From the 1950s on wards spending on the home increased. Interior design courses were established, requiring the publicatio

45、n of textbooks and reference sources. Historical accounts of interior designers and firms distinct from the decorative arts specialists were made available. While organization to regulate education, qualifications, standards and practices, etc. were established for the profession. Interior design wa

46、s previously seen as playing a secondary role to architecture. It also has many connections to other design disciplines, involving the work of architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders, craftsmen, etc. For these reasons the government of interior design standards and qualifications was o

47、ften incorporated into other professional organizations that involved design. Organizations such as the Chartered Society of Designers, established in the UK in 1986, and the American Designers Institute, founded in 1938, were established as organizations that governed various areas of design. It wa

48、s not until later that specific representation for the interior design profession was developed. The US National Society of Interior Designers was established in 1957, while in the UK the Interior Decorators and Designers Association was established in 1966. Across Europe, other organizations such as The Finnish Association of Interior Architects (1949) were being established and in 1994 the International Interior Design Association was founded. Ellen Mazur Thomson, a