2022年英语语法入门笔记教学文案 .pdf
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1、此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用英语语法入门崔荣容第一讲语序和五种基本句式He learns English every day. 他每天学习英语。(中英语序不同)英语五种基本句式一、主 +谓二、主 +系+表系动词:起到联系作用的动词,连接主语与表语。表语:描述主语的身份、性质、特征、状态三、主 +谓+宾主语:动作发出者谓语:作出的动作宾语:动作的对象四、主 +谓+间宾 +直宾间宾:通常是人直宾:通常是物五、主 +谓+宾+宾补宾补:对宾语的补充说明一、主 +谓The universe remains. 宇宙长存中英文语序一致二、主 +系+表The food is deli
2、cious. 这个食物很好吃中英文语序一致三、主 +谓+宾He took his bag and left.(left 是第二个谓语)他拿着他的包离开了中英文语序一致名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 43 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用四、主 +谓+间宾 +直宾Her father bought her a dictionary. buy sb sth(双宾语)她爸爸给她买了一本词典(her 与
3、 a dictionary,两个宾语,一个是人、一个是物)中英文语序一致五、主 +谓+宾+宾补We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长(him 与 our monitor ,都是指同一个人,our monitor 是对 him的补充说明)中英文语序一致Nothing is impossible to a willing heart! 有志者事竟成!第二讲 be 动词的形式和用法一、be 动词的形式: be、am、is、are、was、were、being 、been 1、The man is back. 2、They are back. 3、He was back. 4
4、、They were back. 5、They have been back. 6、I ll be back. 上述“ back”是副词,构成主系表结构。二、 be 动词的用法:起到联系前后的作用 ( 一般翻译为“是” ,或无实意而不作翻译) ,多用于主系表结构。后面接名词、形容词、地点副词或短语作补足语成分。1、The man is a teacher. a teacher 是名词2、Mary s new dresses are colorful. colorful 是形容词3、My mother was in the kitchen. in the kitchen 是地点副词。名师资料总结
5、 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 43 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用4、I am 20. 数词也可做表语5、Its me. 代词也可做表语三、 be 动词的练习1、他们是老师They are teachers. 2、他曾是一名老师He was a teacher before. 3、他已经当了 3 年的老师He has been a teacher for 3 years. 第三讲 be 动词的否定 /
6、提问/ 回答一、 be 动词的否定在 am、is、are、was、were 后面加 not 缩略式 am not,isn t,aren t,wasn t,weren t 1、The man isn t back. 2、I am not back. 3、They aren t back. 4、He wasn t back. 5、They werent back. 二、使用 be 动词提问和回答Is he a teacher?Yes,he is./No,he isn t. Are you a teacher? Yes,I am./No,I am not. Were they teachers? Y
7、es,they were./No,they weren t. 三、 be 动词的练习:1、他是医生吗?名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 43 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用Is he a doctor? 不,他不是No,he isn t. 2、他们昨天在教室吗?Were they in the classroom yesterday? Yes,they were./No,they weren t
8、. 3、他们昨天不在教室They weren t in the classroom yesterday. 第四讲代词的主格和宾格主格代词: I he she it you we they 1、I am a teacher. 2、He is a teacher. 3、You are teachers. 宾格代词: me him her it you us them 1、He likes me. 2、We like her. 3、I like them. 练习1、我喜欢它I like it. 2、他们认识他They know him. 第五讲名词性 / 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词: (后接名
9、词)单数形式: my your his/her/its ones 复数形式: our your their 1、This is my book. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 43 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用2、We love our motherland. 3、Those are your socks. 名词性物主代词:单数形式: mine yours his/hers/its one
10、s 复数形式: ours yours theirs 1、The book is ours. 2、The apple is hers. 练习1、我的老师是中国人My teacher is Chinese. 2、这个电脑是他们的This computer is theirs. 3、我们的书在书架上Our book is on the shelf. 主格宾格形容词性物主代词名 词 性 物主代词反身代词I me my mine myself you you your yours yourself he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it
11、 its its itself we us our ours ourselves you you your yours yourselves they them their theirs themselves 第六讲反身代词单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 反身代词的用法: (指某人自己,通常是主语的“自己”)1、Please help yourself to some fish.请随便吃些鱼吧名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - -
12、- - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 43 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用yourself在动词 help 后作宾语 。2、We enjoyed ourselves last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心ourselves在动词 enjoyed 后作宾语 。3、The thing itself is not important.这件事本身不重要反身代词 itself在名词 The thing后作 同位语,起到解释、说明名词的作用。练习1、Take good care of(yo
13、urself )照顾好2、She gained control of (herself ) 控制住了第七讲实意动词的特征实意动词 come go read watch play fly 1、He comes from Shenyang. 实意动词 comes作谓语,后接介词短语from Shenyang作宾语动词 come 有一般现在时“单三”的变化2、She is reading story books. 实意动词 reading作谓语,后接动词story books作宾语动词 read 有现在进行时的变化3、They went to America yesterday. 动词 go 有一般
14、过去时“ went”的变化4、We have watched the game for three times. 动词 watch 有现在完成时“ watched”的变化现在完成时:动作已经发生或对现在造成影响5、My mother will fly back to China next month. 一般将来时: will+动词原形总结:实意动词有时态与数量(三单)上的变化名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 43 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文
15、档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用练习:1、他昨天来上海了 He came to ShangHai yesterday. 2、我们正在写作业 We are writing homework. 3、他们读这本书已经读3 遍了 They have read this book three times. 第八讲实意动词的否定 / 提问 / 回答( 一般现在时与一般过去时) 使用助动词进行否定在助动词 do does did后面加 not do not/don t does not/doesnt did not/didnt 例句:1.I dont go to school by bus
16、. 2.She doesn t watch TV everyday. 3.They didnt swim last night. 使用助动词进行提问1. He often plays golf. Does he often play golf? Yes,he does./No,he doesnt. 2. They go to school by bus. Do they go to school by bus? Yes they do./No,they dont. 3. Sam had breakfast yesterday. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - -
17、- - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 43 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用Did Sam have breakfast yesterday? Yes,he did./No,he didnt. 练习:1. 他每天都学英语吗?Does he learn English everyday? 是的,他每天都学英语Yes,he does. 2. Tom昨天没吃早饭Tom didn t have breakfast yesterday. 第九讲使用疑问词进行提问和回答(1)(
18、 一般现在时与一般过去时) 使用疑问词进行提问when,where,who,what,how 时间、地点、人物、干什么、怎样例句He bought three books yesterday. 1 2 3 1. Who bought three books yesterday? 对主语提问,原语序不变2. What did he buy yesterday? 对宾语提问时,将助动词提前,并还原动词。3. When did he buy three books? 对状语提问时,将助动词提前,并还原动词。They wanted to go to ShangHai by air. 1 2 3 1.
19、Who wanted to go to ShangHai by air? 2. Where did they want to go by air? 3. How did they want to go to ShangHai? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 43 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用第十讲使用疑问词进行提问和回答(2)使用疑问词进行提问how long, how far, how
20、often, why 多长时间,多远,多长时间一次,为什么1. They have been in China for three years. How long have they been in China? 对时间状语提问2.It is about 4000 kilometers from Beijing to Xian. How far is it from Beijing to Xian? 3.They come to visit me once a week. How often do they come to visit me? 4. She came late, because
21、 she missed the bus. Why did she come late? 练习:1. 他们学汉语多长时间了?How long have they learned Chinese? 2. 你多长时间看一次电影?How often do you watch movies? 3. 你的家离学校多远?How far is it from your house to your school? 第十一讲名词代表事物的词,包括具体和抽象的事物名词分两类:1可数名词:是指数得过来的概念。 如 applepencilstudent 可数名词有单数和复数之分apple-apples 名师资料总结 -
22、 - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 43 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用pencil-pencils tomato-tomatoes 2不 可 数 名 词 : 无 法 计 算 的 数 量 或 抽 象 概 念 。 如(historylove抽象) 不可数名词无复数,只用单数表示salt-salt coffee-coffee water-water 3可数名词变复数规则:(1)一般末尾加后缀 -s ,friend-f
23、riends (2)以 szxchsh结尾的词,在该词末尾加后缀-es ,bus-buses (3)辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词,将y 改变为 i, 再加 es,candy-candies (除 a e i o u以外的字母为辅音字母) (4)以-o 结尾的名词, 如果不是外来词或缩写, 就加-es. tomato-tomatoes,hippo-hippos缩写( 从非英语国家引进的词汇为外来词,如madam是从法国引进的外来词) 3、可数名词前可加a(an) 或量词,有复数变化以元音开头的名词前加an, 以辅音开头的名词前加a, 表示一个。apple an apple apples a box
24、 of apples 量词Tomatoa tomato tomatoes a bag of tomatoes 量词4、不可数名词前不可加a(an) , 没有复数,但前面可以加量词。Coffee a cup of coffee 练习:He bought me (a box of chocolate )一盒巧克力名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页,共 43 页 - - - - - - - - - 此文档来源于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除只供学习交流用 (a bike
25、) 一辆自行车第十二讲代词:指示代词和不定代词指示代词(特指) :标识人或事物的代词,用来代替前面已提到的名词。常用的: thisthesethatthose This is his book. Those apples were his. 不定代词(泛指) :指代不确定的人或事物。常用的: onethe othersomeanysomethingnothing 例:No one knows where he is. 没人知道他在哪儿Some of the boys want to go to Shanghai,but the others want to go to Xian. 一些男孩想去
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