考研英语一真题及答案-打印.docx

《考研英语一真题及答案-打印.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语一真题及答案-打印.docx（30页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -20XX年讨论生入学考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.10 pointsAs many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memoryand me

2、ntal clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance s name, or name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to theseoccurrences as senior moments. 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can poten

3、tially have a n 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasinglyshowi ng that there s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can s

4、ignificantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe

5、that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developedthe first brain training program designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve yourmemory and att

6、ention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Mostimportantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developingmuch like an 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and v

7、ary your muscle use.1. Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhy2. Aimproves Bfades Crecovers Dcollapses3. AIf BUnless COnce DWhile4. Auneven Blimited Cdamaging Dobscure5. Awellbeing Benvironment Crelationship Doutlook可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下

8、载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -6. Aturns Bfinds Cpoints Dfigures7. Aroundabouts Bresponses Cworkouts Dassociations8. Agenre Bfunctions Ccircumstances Dcriterion9. Achannel Bcondition Csequence Dprocess10. Apersist Bbelieve Cexcel Dfeature11. A Therefore B Moreover C Otherwise D Howeve

9、r12. Aaccording to Bregardless of Capart from Dinstead of13. Aback Bfurther Caside Daround14. Asharpness Bstability Cframework Dflexibility15. Aforces Breminds Churries Dallows16. Ahold Btrack Corder Dpace17. Ato Bwith Cfor Don18. Airregularly Bhabitually Cconstantly Dunusually19. Acarry Bput Cbuild

10、 Dtake20. Arisky Beffective Cidle DfamiliarSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 40 pointsText 1In order to change lives for the better and reduce dependency G

11、eorge Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the upfront work search scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and thenthey should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What c

12、ould be more reasonable.More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day waitfor the jobseeker s allowance. Those first few days should be spent looking forwork, not looking to sign on. he claimed. We re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and he

13、lp those on benefits get into workfaster. Help. Really. On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with reforms to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises la

14、ziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -his zeal for fundamental fairness protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that on

15、ly the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song inyour heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that suppo

16、rt is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your fa

17、mily and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependencypermanent dependency if you can get it supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 2

18、0 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemploymentand receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase jobseeker s

19、allowanceinvented in 1996 is about redefining the unemployed as a jobseeker who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or shehas earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited allowance, conditional on actively seeking a job; no可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精

20、品名师归纳总结entitlement and no insurance, at EU.71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结21. George Osborne s scheme was intended toAprovide the unemployed with easier access to benefits. Bencourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking. Cmotivate the unemployed to repo

21、rt voluntarily.Dguarantee jobseekersitimlegate right to benefits.22. The phrase, to sign on Line 3, Para. 2 most probably means Ato check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.B to accept the governments restrictions on the allowance.C to register for an allowance from the government. Dto att

22、end a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme. AA desire to secure a better life for all.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -BAn eagerness to

23、 protect the unemployed. CAn urge to be generous to the claimants. DA passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel AuneasyBenraged. Cinsulted. Dguilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree. ATheBritish welfare sys

24、tem indulges jobseekers laziness. BOsborne s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.CThe jobseekers allowance has met their actual needs. DUnemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession w

25、ith the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting

26、 ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legaleducation. There is just o

27、ne path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today-schoosla

28、verage law可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensibl

29、eideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4

30、 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do not need the extra trainin

31、g could cut their debtmountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for cha

32、nge from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers fromthe pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve ser

33、vices to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technologyand to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency.After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up la

34、w as their profession due toA the growing demand from clients. Bthe increasing pressure of inflation. Cthe prospect of working in big firms. Dthe attraction of financial rewards.27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states.AHigher tuition fees for undergrad

35、uate studies.BAdmissions approval from the bar association. CPursuing a bachelors degree in another major. DReceiving training by professional associations.28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from Alawyers and clients strong resistance.B the rigid bodies governing the professi

36、on.C the stem exam for would-be lawyers. Dnon- professionals sharp criticism.29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered restrictivepartly because itA bans outsiders involvement in the profession.B keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - -

37、- -第 5 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -C aggravates the ethical situation in the trade. Dprevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30. In this text, the author mainly discussesAflawed ownership of Americas law firms and its causes. Bthe factor

38、s that help make a successful lawyer in America. Ca problem in Am erica s legal profession and solutions to it.Dthe role of undergraduate studies in Americas legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accep

39、ted this y ear s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized

40、 bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.Whats not to like.Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted inthe News Feature. You c

41、annot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could

42、 cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want toshock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made thei

43、r careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns abouthow science prizes both new and old are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what thelife sciences include. B ut the Nobel Foundation

44、 s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern researchas will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were, of course,

45、 themselves set up by a very rich individual who had可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimac

46、y.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two thingsseem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism that i