（整理版高中英语）Unit8Firstaid.doc

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1、Unit8 First aid知识精讲 一. 本周教学内容： Unit 8 First aid二. 重点、难点：一Background information : 在日常生活中，难免发生这样或那样的突发事件，那么，你知道该怎么应付吗？ What does “first aid mean ? It means the aid or help that can be given to an injured person first , which comes before any other help arrives . Nowadays there is usually a telephone

2、not far away . So if a serious accident happens , the first thing we should do is to telephone an ambulance 救护车 but sometimes quick actions by us may save someones life . Even when this is not so , there is often much that we can do to help . SHOCK休克: People often suffer from shock after receiving a

3、n injury , sometimes even when the injury is a small one . The face turns pale , and the skin becomes damp and cold . They breathe quickly . They should be kept warm . Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink . BROKEN BONES : Do not move the patient . Send for an ambulance at once . BLEE

4、DING : A little bleeding does not harm . It washes the dirt from the wound . But if the bleeding continues , try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or help arrives . If the wound is a small one and made by something clean , wash it carefully with soap

5、and water . Then bend it firmly but not too tightly . A large wound or a dirty one should be treated by a doctor . POISON : A person who has swallowed 吞 poison should be taken to hospital at once . With some poisons and sleeping pills , for example , it is a good thing to make a patient sick by push

6、ing your finger down to his throat . But if he swallowed some kind of acid , anything that burns , it would be a bad thing to make him sick . The poison would burn his throat . It is , therefore , best to take the patient to hospital at once , but try to find out what the patient has taken so that y

7、ou can tell the doctor .二Words and expressions :三Functional Sentences : We must carry her to the side of the road . You mustnt move someone if they are badly hurt . You should / shouldnt I ought to go home . I have to cook supper for my grandmother .四Language Points : 1. No ! Leave her where she is

8、. 别动她！让她留在原地。 leave 是及物动词，原作“留下、“遗留解。在本句中是“让某人/某物处于某种状态的意思。leave作此义解时，通常跟形容词或-ing形式的复合结构，有时也跟从句。例如： Youd better leave all the windows _ . 你最好让所有的窗户开着。 His illness has left him _ . 他的病使他变得很虚弱。 They went off together and left me _ . 他们一道走了，把我留下坐在那儿。 Dont touch my writing table ; leave it _ . 别动我的写字台，就

9、让它照原样放着。 答案：open ; weak ; sitting there ; as it is 2. You mustnt move someone if they are badly hurt . 如果一个人受了重伤，你一定不要挪动他。 My knee hurts , my foot hurts and my head too . 我的膝盖痛，脚也痛，头也痛。 这两句中都有动词hurt，但词义不同。第一句中的hurt是及物动词，作“使受伤、“使伤害解，可以用于被动句；第二句中的hurt是不及物动词，作“感到疼痛解。试比拟以下各句： The girl fell off her bicyc

10、le . She hurt one of her legs . 那女孩从自行车上摔下来，把一只腿摔伤了。及物动词 The girl fell off her bicycle , and one of her legs hurt . 那女孩从自行车上摔下来，有一只腿很痛。不及物动词 又如： The driver _ in the accident . 司机在这次事故中受了重伤。 The drivers head _ after the accident . 这次事故后，司机的头痛得很厉害。 答案：was badly hurt ; hurt badly 3. I ought to go home

11、. 我该回家去。 ought to 是情态动词，作“应该解，与should的意思根本相同，但ought to 的语气比拟重，且含有“按道理应该的意思。例如： You _ see this film . (= You should see this film .) 你应该去看这部影片。 I am going to buy five more exercise books . That _ be enough . 我打算再买五本练习本。这总该够了吧。 _ more buses during the rush hours . 在顶峰时刻按理应该多发几趟车。 ought to 的疑问式是把ought

12、移至句首；它的否认式是把否认词not 放在ought 同to之间。例如： “_ Jenny to go ? “Yes , she _ “珍妮应该去吗？“她该去。 Jenny _ go to see the film . 珍妮不应该去看这部影片。 答案：ought to ; ought to ; There ought to be ; Ought ought to ; ought not to 4. Anyone with the right knowledge can give first aid ; you dont have to be a doctor . 任何一个有正确的急救知识的人都

13、可以进行急救，不一定非得是一个医生才行。 1first aid 急救指对危重病人进行的紧急抢救，常用动词do / give / offer 搭配，构成do give / offer first aid (to sb. ) 结构，意思是“进行急救、“施行急救。例如： He hurt his leg during the football match , and some of us _ . 他在足球比赛中伤了脚，我们几个人对他进行了急救。 She was badly injured . First aid _ . 她受了重伤。人们立即对她进行了急救。 答案：gave him first aid

14、; was immediately offered 5. Check that the person can breathe . Open the mouth and make sure that there is no food at the back of the mouth . 检查一下，看看这个人还能不能呼吸，把嘴掰开，看看口腔后部有没有食物堵住。 句中的check和make sure 的意思根本相同，都作“核查、“弄确实解examine to see that sth . is right .。它们后面的宾语从句就是有待核查的事情。例如： Before you leave the l

15、ab , _ . 离开实验室之前，请检查一下，看看灯都关了没有。 Please _ . 请检查一下，看看电线是否平安。 答案：check that light are turned off ; check that electric wires are safe 6. Repeat this as often as is necessary . (= Repeat this action as many times as it is necessary .)根据需要尽量屡次重复这个动作。 1句中this指上句的 breathe into his / her mouth 向口里吹气这个动作。of

16、ten 在这里作“屡次解many times。 2as as 作“像一样地解，引起表示比拟的状语从句。在两个as的中间插入形容词或副词。在第二个as后常跟名词或代词，也可以跟从句。例如： Jimmy is _ his father (is tall). 吉米跟他爸爸一样高。as后跟名词 He can run _ I (can run). 他可以跑得跟我一样快。as后跟代词 You know _ I do . 关于那件事，你了解得跟我一样多。as后跟从句 Please come as soon as (is) possible . 请尽可能早点回来。as后跟从句，其中is通常省去。 最后这个例句

17、中的as soon as is possible , 和课文中的as often as is necessary 非常近似。第二个as后跟的从句可以看作是省略了主语it，即as often as (it) is necessary 。 又如： In English class , we should speak English _ . 在英语课上我们应当尽可能多说英语。 You can explain grammar points in Chinese _ . 你可以根据需要，用汉语来解释语法点。 答案：as tall ; as fast ; as much about that as ; a

18、s much as possible ; as much as necessary . 7. Here is some advice for dealing with common injuries : 这儿有几条关于处理普通创伤的意见： 句中的短语动词deal with 作“处理事务解。例如： How shall we _ ? 我们怎样来处理这个问题呢？ What is the best way _ ? 处理这个语法点的最好方法是什么呢？ How are you going to _ ? 你们打算怎样处理本地区的水污染问题呢？ 此外，deal with 还可以作“对付、“论述、“与打交道解。

19、例如： It is very difficult to _ . 很难对付那些吵闹的孩子。 His talk at the medical conference will _ . 他在医学会议上的发言将谈到有关急救的问题。 We _ that company for 10 years . 我们同那家公司打了十年的交道了。 答案：deal with the problem ; of dealing with the grammar point ; deal with the water pollution of this area ; deal with noisy children ; deal

20、 with first aid ; have kept with 8. Keep them on a high shelf out of the reach of children. (= Keep them on a high shelf where children cannot reach .) 把它们毒物放在小孩够不着的高架上。 介词短语 out of ones reach 作“够不着、“拿不到解，其中的reach 是名词意为“手所及的范围。同out of ones reach 相对应的短语是within ones reach , 意为“在手可取到的范围内。例如： Put that b

21、ottle of poisonous mixture _ . 请把有毒溶剂的瓶子放在小孩够不着的地方。 The cat ran up a tree and got _ . 那只猫跑到树上去了，我抓不到它。 The child likes to have sweets _ . 这小孩喜欢把糖果放在他伸手可及的地方。 答案：out of the childrens reach ; out of my reach ; within his reach . 9. Dont reach sideways while standing on a ladder . Get down first and mo

22、ve the ladder . 站在梯子上的时候，不要侧着身子伸手去拿东西，先下来把梯子挪动一下。 句中的reach是动词，作“伸手取物stretch out the hand for sth. 解。 sideways 是副词，作“向旁边toward one side，“侧着身子with one side forward or up 解。例如： He _ the ladder when he _ . 他侧身去取电灯的时候从梯子上摔了下来。 She was so fat that she could only _ . 她太胖了，只好侧着身子过门。 句中的while standing on a l

23、adder 是 while you are standing on a ladder 的省略。 在有些表示时间、地点、条件等的状语从句中，如果谓语包含有动词be，而主语又和主句的主语一致，那么，从句中的主语和谓语的一局部特别是动词be常可省略。又如： Look out for cars _ . 过街时注意车辆。 = Look out for cars when you are crossing the street . You can go to see my mother _ . 在期间，你可以去看望我妈妈。 = You can go to see my mother while you a

24、re in Beijing . 答案： fell off reach out for the light sideways ; get through the door sideways ; when cross the street ; while in Beijing 10. Make sure that young children cannot get close to pools , lakes and rivers by themselves . 务必不要让小孩单独到池塘、湖边或江边去。 短语动词get close to (sb. / sth. ) 作“到某人/某物的近旁解。例如：

25、 He _ the child to see what she was doing . 他走近孩子身边看看她在做什么。 They _ the bottom of the cave and found a collection of coins . 他们走近洞穴的底部，发现一堆硬币。 by oneself 作“单独地、“单独地解，在句中作状语。oneself 随人称而变化，如by himself 他单独地，_ 你单独地，_他们单独地等。例如： The little child wanted to eat _ . 这个小孩想要自己吃东西。 It is dark , you should not g

26、o out _ . 天黑了，你不要单独外出了。 They did their homework all _ . 他们全都是独立完成家庭作业的。 答案：got close to ; got close to ; by yourself , by themselves ; by himself ; by yourself ; by themselves . 11. What should you do if a person has drunk poison by mistake ? 假设有人误喝了毒药，你应该怎么办？ by mistake 是一个固定词组，作“错误地、“无心地做错了事解。又如：

27、_. 我无心地拿错了你的帽了。 She put salt in her cup of coffee _ . 她误将盐放入咖啡里了。 mistake 动词，表示“弄错，词组mistake sb for sb. 表示“把错认为。 如：他把我错当作我弟弟了。_ . 答案：I took your hat by mistake ; by mistake ; He mistook me for my brother . 12. Make the person throw up . 使这个人呕吐。 throw up 是短语动词，作“呕吐解。又如： The smell of the bad fish _ .

28、坏鱼的臭味使我作呕。 She had eaten too much , and _ on the way home . 她吃得太多了，在回家的路上就呕吐起来。 由“动词 + up构成的词组还有抚养、养育 bring up ， 起床 get up ，追上，赶上 ，catch up with ，放弃 give up，用车接某人 pick up ，举起、抬起、搭起、张贴、通知 put up ，占据时间、空间 take up ，出现、露面 turn up 。 答案：made me throw up ; threw up . 13. 在“3 Practice的第一个表格倒数第二行：pay attenti

29、on to the children wherever they are playing . 其中有两点应注意： 1pay attention to 是短语动词，作“注意、“专心解。例如： _ when youre writing something . 写东西的时候要注意拼写。 You must _ . _ . 要特别注意空气污染的问题。 attention 是名词，表示“注意，留心，关心，它的形容词是attentive 表示“注意的，留神的，副词是attentively 。 What he said caught my _ . He is an _ audience . You must

30、listen _ in class . 答案：Pay attention to your spelling ; pay attention to the teacher in class ; Special attention should be payed to the problem of air pollution ; attention ; attentive ; attentively . 2wherever adv. 无论何处no matter where。例如： You can go _ . 你想去哪里就去吧。 _ road signs _ . 不管你开车去哪里，都要注意路标。

31、答案：wherever you like ; Pay attention to , wherever you drive . 14. 在“4 Practice 中的第6题有Hell be here in a short while . 其中的in a short while = in a short time = very soon 很快地。这里的while 是名词，作“时间解。 又如：Page 26 Unit 5 Charlie chaplin (1)中，第三段倒数第二行中 After a short while he started directing films himself . af

32、ter a short while 表示“不久以后，没过多久。这儿的while 也是名词，表示“一段时间，一会儿。 又如：Wait a while , please . After a short while , he went on speaking .五Grammar : Modal Verbs 语法：情态动词的用法 1. must 与have to : 1must 同have to一般可以通用，但must 侧重说话人主观上的看法；而have to侧重在客观上的需要，含有“不得不的意思。例如： “I want to know how to do first aid correctly .“

33、Then you must / have to study with a teacher “我想知道怎样正确地进行急救。“用must表示个人主观想法；用have to 表示客观需要，要搞急救就非学习不可。 If the man is not breathing , you must try to start his breathing at once . 如果这个人没有呼吸了，你就必须立刻设法使他呼吸。表示个人看法，不用have to 2must 没有时态的变化，一般用于现在时，而有时也可表示过去的情况；have to 可用于更多的时态。例如： We had to stay there bec

34、ause of rain . 由于下雨，我们不得不留在那儿。过去时 The situation has changed ; well have to change our plan . 情况变了，我们不得不改变方案。将来时 3must 和 have to 的否认式即mustnt 和dont have to，意思有很大的不同。 mustnt 表示“不要做某事，有禁止的含义；dont have to 表示“不必要做某事，含有“客观上无此必要的意思。例如： You mustnt move someone if the person is badly hurt . 如果这个人受了重伤，你就一定不要挪动

35、他。 The person isnt hurt at all . You dont have to give him first aid . 这个人根本就没有受伤。你不必给他进行急救。 2. should 和 ought to : should 和 ought to 都有“应该的意思，一般可以通用，但后者语气更强些，强调“有责任、有义务做某事或“按道理应该如何的意思；should含有“劝告、“建议的语气，即“按我的想法应该如何的意思。试比拟： “Ill start the work tomorrow .“I think you should start at once . “我明天开始这个工作

36、。“我想你应当立刻开始。 “Ill start the work tomorrow .“No . You ought to start at once . “我明天开始这个工作。“不行。你得立即开始。 上述两例意思大体相同，但语气有所不同。例1中有 should，有点像朋友之间提建议的口气；例2中用ought to ，有点像老板向工人提出责令的口气。 3. need 的用法： need可以作及物动词，和不定式连用need to + v. ，表示“需要干某事的意思；need 也可以做情态动词，主要用于否认句即neednt + v. 结构，表示“不必干某事的意思。学生用书P. 46和P. 47的“

37、3 Practice 左栏中有You need to 和You neednt 的组句练习。例如： You need to remain in bed . 你需要继续卧床。 You neednt remain in bed . 你不必继续卧床。 need 的否认句可以用do(es) not need to + v. 结构，但这个结构比拟文气些，在口语中更多用neednt + v. 结构。 情态动词 need 也可以用于疑问句。例如： “Need I come ?“Yes , you must .“No , you neednt . “我需要来吗？“是的，你必须来。“不，你不必来。 注意用need

38、 提问时的答语：肯定答复时一般用must，否认答复时用neednt 。【模拟试题】一. 单项填空。 从A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确答案。 1. December 25 is _ Christmas Day while Oct . 1 is _ National Day of China . A. the , theB. / , aC. / , theD. / , / 2. _ is on guard over there . A. PoliceB. policeC. The policeD. A policeman 3. I was just coming along

39、to see you _ I ran into Wilson . A. whenB. whereC. whyD. what 4. After I had finished _ , he proposed to set off immediately . A. eatB. eatingC. to eatD. being eaten 5. One of them _ , either Turgis or Miss Matfield . A. mustnt goB. need to go C. will have to goD. have to go 6. They _ so early . A.

40、did not need to arriveB. didnt need arrive C. neednt to arriveD. mustnt arrive 7. Put that bottle of weed-killer _ the reach of the children . A. untilB. offC. tillD. out of 8. Im very sorry . I picked up your hat _ . A. at the mostB. by mistakeC. for freeD. in danger 9. Just when I had put the glas

41、s safely down on the table , the cat jumped up and _ it off . A. knockedB. fellC. turnedD. took 10. A button _ my coat when I crossed over the crowd . A. called forB. droveC. fell offD. added to 11. Jane _ her lips till the _ came . A. bite , bloodB. bit , bleedC. bit , bloodD. was bitten , bleed 12. The bus _ because a tree had fallen across the road . A. help upB. was held upC. would hold upD. had to hold up 13. Lovely day , _ ? Yes , _ ! A. isnt it , isnt itB. is i