虚拟语气语法归纳.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -虚拟语气语法归纳虚拟语气得使用主要表达在三个方面: 虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从句中得运用, 以及虚拟语气得一些特别用法。虚拟条件句虚拟条件句就就是对现实条件得一种虚拟假设,所假设得条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实 中发生得可能性微小。依据时间得不同, 虚拟条件句可分为三种, 即与现在事实相反得虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反得虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反得虚拟条件句。详细情形请瞧下表:例 句 : 1 、表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now , I would lend it

2、 to you、If I were you , I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him、If I were a boy, I would join the army、If the had time, she should go with you、2 、表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice , he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake、She would have e to enjoy the party if she hadnt been very busy、If

3、 he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the petition、可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -3 、表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow、If he were to be

4、 given another chance to do it again, he could certainly achieve more、If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off、1 、虚拟条件句得倒装在虚拟条件句中 , 为了强调所假设条件得虚拟性, 或突出说话人得一种主观愿望, 虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。 有时侯在使用时可省略if, 把条件从句谓语中得助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现得, 句子就可换成以下形式,即“were / had / should + 主语 ”。如 :Had I been= If

5、 I had been in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money、Should there be = If there should be a drought, what should we do at that time . Were I a boy, I would join the army、Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded、Were it not for the expense, I would go to

6、 Britain、2 、错综时间条件句有时条件从句得动作与主句得动作发生得时间并不一样,这时谓语动词得形式应依据它所要表示得详细时间来打算。例如:If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years , things wouldnt be going sosmoothly、If the Party hadn t led the Chinese people to liberate the country,Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty、3 、含蓄条件句有时假设

7、得情形并不以条件从句得形式表现出来, 而就是通过某个介词或介词短语 如:with,otherwise, without, but for, in that position 、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如 :可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -But for the help from you , I would no

8、t have had the chance to go to college、I would never mind you making such loud noises, but, you see, my baby is in a deepsleep 、It was so quiet ; you could have heard a pin drop、虚拟语气在某些从句中得运用在某些词或短语后接得从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。依据虚拟语气得形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should 类”与“过去时态类 ”。2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句(1) 虚拟语气在宾语从句中得运用。“wish

9、 + 宾语从句 ”表示不能实现得愿望,译为 “要就是就好了 ”等。表示现在不能实现得 愿望 ,从句中得谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现得愿望,从句中得谓语动词用 “ would/could + 动词原形 ”表;示过去不能实现得愿望,从句中得谓语动词用“ had +过去分词 ”或“couldshould + have +过去分词 ”。如 :I wish it were spring all the year round、I wish I had known the answer、I wish I could fly like a bird、在表示建议、要求、命令等得动词suggest 、a

10、dvise 、propose 、demand 、require 、insistrequest 、mand 、order 等后得宾语从句中,谓语动词用should +动词原形或就是动词原形。如:She suggested we shouldleave here at once、The doctor ordered she should be operated、(2) 虚拟语气在同位语从句与表语从句中得运用。作表示建议、 要求、命令等得名词advise 、idea 、order 、demand 、plan 、proposal 、suggestion 、request 等得表语从句与同位语从句, 从

11、句中得谓语动词用“ should + 动词原形 ”。如 :可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -His suggestion that we shouldgo to Shanghai is wonderful、My idea is that they shouldpay 100 dollars、(3) 虚拟语气在主语从句中得运用。在主语从句中 ,

12、 谓语动词得虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形 ”得结构 ,表示诧异、不信任、理应如此等。如 :It is necessaryimportant, natural, strange, etc、that we should clean the room every day、It was a pity a shame, no wonder, etc、that you should be so careless、It will be desiredsuggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc、that she should finis

13、h her homework this afternoon、留意 :这种从句表示得就是事实。假如说人对这种事实表现出诧异得情感,就可用虚拟语气。反之 ,假如不表示诧异等情感,that 从句也可用陈述句语气。如:It is pity that you can 、 t swim3、虚拟语气在其她场合得运用(1) 虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导得表语从句或状语从句中,假如从句表示得动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指现在状况 ,就用一般过去时;指将来状况就用过去将来时。如 :He did it as if he were an expert、Eve

14、n if she were here, she could not solve the problem、(2) 虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is hightime that中, 定语”从句得谓语动词用一般过去时be 用were 或 should +动词原形 ,意思就是 “现在 该”。如 : It s time that I picked up my daughter 、It s high time we were going、(3) 虚拟语气用在if only 引导得感叹句中。如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - -

15、- - - -第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -If only I were a bird、If only I had taken his advice、(4) 虚拟语气在一些简洁句中得运用。情态动词得过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人虚心、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常显现在日常会话中。如:It would be better for you not to stay up too late、Would you be kind enough to cl

16、ose the door.用于一些习惯表达法中。如: Would you like a cup of tea.I would rather not tell you、一、 should类这一类得虚拟语气就是通过从句中得谓语动词使用“should + 动词原形 ”表达出来得 ,should可以省略。其详细运用表达在:1 、在 suggest , order, demand , propose, mand, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、看法得动词后接得宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:He suggests that she should leave the h

17、ouse at once、The leader ordered that the taskshould be finished as soon as possible、He proposed that we should deal with the problem by the view of development、2 、与 suggest , order, demand , propose, mand, request, desire,insist等动词相对应得名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal等后得 表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:Th

18、e general sent the order that the battleshould be held on untilthe plete failure of theenemy 、My proposal is that weshould set a deadline for handing in the plan、可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - -

19、- - - -3 、在 It is/was suggested ordered , demanded , proposed , etc、 结构以及 necessary , essential, important, strange, natural等形容词后得主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:Its requested that we should keep the stability of the society for the peoples peacefullife 、It is necessary that the badly wounded manshould be treated im

20、mediately、二、过去时态类英语中 , 仍有一些词或短语后接得从句或句子, 也要使用虚拟语气, 虚拟语气就是通过句中得谓语使用过去得某种时态 如: 一般过去时、过去完成时等 来表达得。1 、 wish , would rather后得宾语从句。如:He wished he had never been involved in such affairs、 I would rather you could teach me again、 2 、 as if, as though引导得从句。如:The little boy knows so many things as if he was a

21、 man、He acted as usual as though nothing had happened、3 、由 if only 要就是,那该多好啊 . 引导得赞叹句。如:If only I had passed the test .If only it stopped raining.4 、 It isabout/high time后得定语从句。如: It is time we went out for a walk、It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment、虚拟语气得其它用法在英语中 , 一些表示建议、恳求、劝说

22、、愿望、祈祷、祝愿或诅咒得句子, 也需要使用虚拟语气。如:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Would you mind smoking here .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载