初中英语知识点总结梳理及练习.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结人教版初一年级（上）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about.3. Let.s do sth.4. It.s time to do sth.5. It.s time

2、 for6. What.s . It is / It.s7. Where is . It.s.8. How old are you. I.m.9. What class are you in. I.m in.10. Welcome to.11. What.s plus . It.s.12. I think13. Who.s this. This is.14. What can you see？ I can see.15. There is are.16. Whatcolourisitarethey.It.s They.re17. Whose is this. It.s.18. What tim

3、e is it. It.s.III. 交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello. Hi.3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you. I.m fine, thank you/thanks. And you.5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you. You.re welcome.英7. Goodbye. Bye.8. What.s your name. My name is.9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Wh

4、o.s on duty today.11. Let.s do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要语法1. 动词 be 的用法。2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法。3. 名词的单复数和全部格的用法。4. 冠词的基本用法。5. There be 句型的用法。【名师讲解】1. in/on在表示空间位置时, in 表示在某个空间的范畴以内, on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。2. this/that/these/those(1) this 常常用来指在

5、时间、 的点上更接近讲话人的人和事, these 是 this 的复数形式。 that 常常用来指在时间、的点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,those 时that 的复数形式。例如：You look in this box and I.ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子, 我去看那边的那个盒子。I want this car, not that car.我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。Take these books to his room, please.请把这些书拿到他房间去。This is mine; that.s yours.这个是我的, 那个是你

6、的。These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果,那些是橘子。(2) 在打电话的用语中, this 常常指的是我, that 常常指的是对方。例如：This is Maryspeaking. Who.s that. 我是玛丽。你是谁？3. There be/ haveThere be 有 ,其准确含意为 某处或某时存在某人或某物。 其结构是： There be + 某人或某物 + 表示的点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语,be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一样,be 动词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结后面的名词是单

7、数或不行数名词时用is,名词是复数时用are。例如：(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2) There is a doll in the box.那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有很多苹果。总之, There be 结构强调的是一种客观存在的 有 。have 表示 拥有,占有,具有 , 即：某人有某物 sb. have / has sth.。主语一般是名词或代词, 与主语是所属关系。 例如：(4) I have two brothers an

8、d one sister. 我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms. 那所房子有四个房间。4. look/ see/ watch(1) look 表示 “看、瞧 ”,着重指仔细看,强调看的动作,表示有意识的留意看, 但不肯定看到,以提示对方留意。, 如：Look. The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑嬉戏。Look. What.s that over there.看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人/物,其后接介词 at,才能带宾语,如： He.s looking at

9、 me。他正在看着我。2see 强调 “看”的结果,着重的是look这个动作的结果,意思是“看到 ”, see是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture.你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it.看黑板！你看到了什么？3watch “观看,凝视 ”,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注的观看、 观看或凝视某事务的活动, 强调过程, 常用于 “看电视、 看足球、看演出 ”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football matchon TV. 昨天我们从电视上看

10、了一场足球竞赛。4. put on/ / inputon 意为 “穿上,戴上 ”。主要指 “穿上 ” 这一动作 , 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词,表示 “穿着 ”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：It.s cold outside, put on your coat.外面冷,穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子,走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is John.s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5. house/ home/familyhouse ： “房子 ”,指居

11、住的建筑物; Home :家“”,指一个人同家人共同常常居 住的的方 ; Family :“家庭 “,“家庭成员 ”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon.今日下午请到我家来。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early.我们全家都起得很早。6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容词表示 好之意, 但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语。主要区分在于：(1) fine 指物时表示的是质量上的精细 ,形容人时表示的是 身体健康 ,也可以用来指 天气晴朗 。例如：

12、Your parents are very fine.你父母身体很健康。Thats a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器。Its a fine day for a walk today.今日是漫步的好时候。(2) nice 主要侧重于人或物的外表,有 美好 , 美丽 的意思,也可用于问候或颂扬别人。例如：Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很美丽。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Nice to meet you.见到你很兴奋。Its very nice of you.你真好。(3) good

13、 形容人时指 品德好 ,形容物时指 质量好 ,是表示人或物各方面都好的一般用语。例如：Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好同学。The red car is very good.那辆红色小汽车很好。(4) well 只可用来形容人的身体好 , 但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作 状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后。 例如：Im very well, thanks.我身体很好,感谢。My friends sing well.我的伴侣们唱歌得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 动词 be 的用法。2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法。3. 名词的单复数和全部格的用法。

14、4. 冠词的基本用法。5. There be 句型的用法。6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型。7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。【中考范例】1. 2004 年北京市中考试题 Mary, please showyour picture.A. myB. mineC. ID. me【解析 】答案： D。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。此题中动词show 后面跟双宾语, 空白处应填入人称代词的宾格 me 作宾语。2. 2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题 orange on the desk is for you, Mike.A. AB.AnC.

15、/D. The【解析 】答案： D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。 由于是特指课桌上的那个橘子, 所以用定冠词the。3. 2004 年哈尔滨市中考试题 -Whatthe number of the girls in your class.-About twenty.A. isB. amC. areD. be【解析 】答案： A 。该题考查的是动词be 的用法和主谓一样。 the number 作主语, 应当是单数第三人称,动词be 变为 is。4. 2004 年陕西省中考试题Therea football match on TV this evening.A. will haveB. is g

16、oing to beC. hasD.is going to have【解析 】答案： B。该题考查的是 There be句型和动词 have 用法区分。 There be 句型本身就表示 “在某个的方存在某个人或物”,不能和动词have 混在一起用。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. -What colour is the bike.- It.sorange.A. anB. aC. /D. the2. That isn.t her bag. It.s.A. myB. IC. mineD. me3. -Oh, your kite is very nice.-.A. That.s rightB. No

17、,it.s not niceC. Yes, it isD. Thank you4. Thewomanissixty,butshe young.A. isB. seesC. looksD. watches5. I t.s timelunch. Let.s go home.A. toB. inC. forD. on6. -is your coat.-The black one.A. WhatB. WhereC. WhichD. How7. -is the toy.- It.s on the bed.A. WhoB. WhereC. WhatD. Whose8. The shoes are too

18、old. Putover there.A. itB. theyC. theirD. them9. Excuse me. Can youmy watch, please.A. lookB. look likeC. lookafterD.look at10. Look the blackboard and listen the teacher.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. / /B. at; toC. after; /D. on; after11. -Whose dress is this.- It.s.A. LucyB. Lucy.sC. JimD. Jim.sMrs.

19、Green. Oh, he.s9brother, Mr. Read. He10young, too.B.doC.seeB.afterC.forD.1. A.familiesB.familyC. parentsD. brothers可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结12. The girl sister.the purplecoat is his2. A.look D.put可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. atB. inC. onD. with13. There is a birdthe tree.A. inB. onC. toD. of14. There a

20、re manyin our school.A. womanteachersB.woman teacherC.womenteacherD.women teachers15. -Is there a ball under the desk.-.A. Yes, it isB. Yes,there.sC. No, there isn.tD. No, there is16. Theresome books and a pencilon the desk.A. amB. isC. areD. be17. -Let me help you.-.A. You.re welcomeB. Thanks very

21、muchC. Don.t worryD. Yes, thanks3. A. atup4. A. onB. ofC. inD. to5. A. manB. girlC. womenD. woman6. A. areB. isC. looklikeD. looking7. A. sisterB. brotherC. fatherD.aunt8. A. What.sB. Where.s C. Who.sD. How is9. A. hisB. herC. ourD. their10. A.looksB. amC. lookD. very三. 在 B 栏中找出 A 栏英语句子的正确答语(A) B1.

22、How are you.A. I am in Row 6.2. Can you spell it, please.B. Fine,thank you.3. Howdo youdo.C. Yes,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结18. teacher.oldmanis Englishb-o-o-k, book.4. What row are you in.D. It is ten.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. The; anB. An; anC. The; theD. A;a19. -Whatfive plus six.- It.s eleven.A. a

23、mB. isC. areD. /20. -Whatyou see in the picture.-I can see some flowers.A. mustB. canC. areD. do二. 完形填空Thisis a pictureof Kat.s1.5. What.s two plus eight.E. Nice tomeet you, too.6. Nice to meet you.F. I am 14.7. Howold are you.G. Wang Ping is.8. Who.s not here.H. It.s here.9. Where is the bag.I.It.s

24、 a book.10. What is this in English.J. How doyou do.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Whatcan we 2 inthe picture.四. 完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Look 3 it,please.Theman确的填入空白处可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 4the black coat is Kate.s father, Mr.Jim:Excuse me, Ann. Whose black dog is可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总

25、结Green. The5 in the red sweater isthis. Is it yours.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Mrs.Green.They 6 young.TheAnn:Letmehavea可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结babyisKate.ThelittleboyisKate.s 7, Jim.8the man behindlook.1.I thinkit.s Sam.s. My dog is brown.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Jim:Sam,lookatthedogbehindthe tree.2.Sam

26、:Sorry, it isn.t mine. My dog is black and white. I think it looks like Mary.s.Jim: 3. Sam:She.s myfriend.Look.She.s over there. Let.s go and ask her.Jim: 4. Sam:Hi, Mary. Is that dog yours.Mary:5. Sam:It.s a lovely dog. Don.t lose it.Mary: Yes, thank you.A. Who.s MaryB. OK, let.s goC. Oh, no it.s n

27、ot mineD. Oh, yes. It.s mineE. Is it yours五. 用所给单词的适当形式填空his family. He is on good terms not only withhisparents,butalso withhissistersand brother. have a friendly relationship with sb. He is, in a word, an apple in their eyes.依据短文的内容, 判定以下句子的正误：正确的答 “A”,错误的答 “B”。1. Bob was born in a small and rich

28、family.2. He has two brothers and a sister.3. There are five people in his family.4. Dickis onlysix. He studies in a private primary school.5. “ He is an apple in their eyes” means“ They love him very much”.(B) BLook at the clothes line in the twins bedroom. There are some clothes on it. You can see

29、 a green blouse and a yellow skirt. The可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. pencil-box.Hepenisin Itrousers on the clothes line are black. They are not new but clean. Are they Lilys clothes.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. You shoesbe underthe bed.3. Who new ruler is this.4. -Are these trousersyou.- No, they aren.tw

30、e5. It.s timego and play games.6. This is my pen. Please give it to I.7. I have twobaby.8. Look. That is aChina car.9. It ismy teacher sweater.No. I know they are Lucys. Lilys clothes areonaclothestreenearthewindow.Her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and her skirtis blue. There is a new hat

31、on the clothestree, but its not Lilys,itsLucys. There is an old hat on Lucys bed in the room, its Lilys.There are no clothes on the other bed, the bed is Lilys.1. What can you see in the bedroom. I can see可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结10.Nowher America.六. 阅读懂得parentareinA .A. a clothes lineB. a treeC. a b

32、ed2. What colour are Lucys trousers. They are .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Bob was born in a big and rich family. His father is a university professor. He teaches Americanhistory.Hismotherisavery capablewoman. She is the manager of a big company. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters

33、and a brother. His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen.She studies in a middle school. His younger sister, Ann, is ten.She studies in a private primary school. Shehas a very good memory. She is clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started going to school. Bob gets on well withA.

34、greenB. blackC. brown3. Where is Lucys hat. Its on.A. the clothes treeB. the clothes lineC. lilys bed4. How many beds are there in the room. .A. only oneB. threeC. two5. Are there any things on Lilys bed. .A. Yes, there is a hat on it可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结B. No, there is not anything on itC. Sorry

35、, I dont know(C) CIts a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her mother are ina bigbus. There are many peopleinit.Someofthemcomefrom America, and some come from England and Canada. They are all their friends. They are going to the Great Wall.There are two Chinese in the bus. One is woman. She is drivingthe

36、bus. The other is a young man. He speaks good English. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are all listening to him. They like the GreatWall.Theywant tosee itvery much.1. Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall.A. by bikeB. by carC. by planeD. by bus2. There are.A. onlyone Ch

37、inese in the busB. only two Chinese in the busC. only two Chinese on the bikeD. only one Chinese in the car3. The driver is.A. amanB.awomanC.a CanadianD. an American4. The people.A. are singingB. are talkingC. are listeningD. are looking at the wall5. They.A. can see the Great Wall B. can speak Engl

38、ish very well.C. want to talk with the man very much D. want to see the Great Wall very much初一年级（下）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot of4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. do one.s homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping

39、16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast19. have lunch20. have supper21. listen to22. not at all23. put away24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factoryII. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could s

40、b. do sth.3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat.6. How do you spell.7. May I borrow.III. 交际用语1. Thanks very much. Youre welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. Whats wrong.4. I think so.I dont think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结6.

41、 Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.That sallrigh.意t为 “不用谢 ”、“没关可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. Whats your favourite sport.10. Dont worry.11. I.m not good at basketball.12. Do you want a go.13. Thats right./ That,s all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dict

42、ionary / any dictionaries.Yes, I do. / No, I don.t.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They don.t have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow.- It.s Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please.-Certainly. Here you are.18. -Where are you from.-From Beijing.19. Whats your telephone number in

43、New York.20. -Do you like hot dogs.-Yes, I do. A little. / A lot. / Very much.系 ”,用来回答对方的致谢或赔礼。 例如：Many thanks.Thats all right. Sorry. Its broken.Thats all right.Allright .意为 “行了 ”、“可以 ”,表示同意对方的建议或要求。 有时仍可以表示“身体很好 ”Please tell me about it.请把此事告知我。All right.好吧。 Is your mother all right. 你妈身体好吗2. make/do这两个词都可以说明为“做 ”,但含义却不同,不能混用。make 指做东西或制东西, do 指做一件详细的事。Can you make a paper boat for me. 你能为我做个纸船吗？He.s doing his homework now. 他正在做他的作业。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口语化的最一般的一