2022年综合类每日一练05-15-综合类.docx

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1、2022年综合类每日一练05-15-综合类1、Even Intelligent People Can Fail ? ?1 ?The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovator

2、s who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns. ? ?2 ?We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edisons success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, U. S. He did that on Octobe

3、r 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on,

4、 on September 4, 1882. ? ?3 ? Many of lifes failures, the supreme innovator said, are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3, 000 theories about electric light, but in only two cas

5、es did his experiments work. ? ?4 ?No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the companys successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is. You only fail when you quit. ? ?5 ?Ov

6、er two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in h

7、is office because he could not afford the U. S. $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car. ? ?6 ?Failure is harder to bear in todays open, accelerated world. Hardly any innova

8、tion works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffens company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that t

9、he Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasnt. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself. Paragraph 3 _2、In Sports, Red is the Winning ColorWhen opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more li

10、kely to win, according to a new study.British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Gr

11、eece.In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout.Where there was a large point differencepresumably because one con

12、testant was far superior to the othercolor had no effect on the outcome, Barton said. Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, th

13、e anthropologists say. Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrows issue of the journal Nature.Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has f

14、ound similar results in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, adding that the idea of the study is very c

15、lever.Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primatesred seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone levels, Barton said.For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, sh

16、ow that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds dominance.Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that there mi

17、ght be a similar effect in humans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests.The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans response to color.Setchell, the primatologist, agrees. As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry

18、 and pale when were scared. These are very important signals to other individuals, she said.The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sportsthough it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least, Barton said.He adds that th

19、e finding of reds advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.That is the implication, though we cannot s

20、ay that it made the difference in any one specific case, Barton said.Meanwhile, Setchell notedtongue-in-cheekthat a red advantage may not be limited to sports. Going by the recent U.S. election results, red is indeed quite successful, she said.The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanent

21、ly.（）A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3、Mother Nature Shows Her Strength ? ?Tornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. ? ?George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he firs

22、t noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud wets behind him. I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared, Snyder said. ? ?Snyder only saw one of the funnel

23、clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. ? ?Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. I knew some

24、thing was wrong, she said. I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. ? ?The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much mo

25、ney to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. ? ?The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was s

26、o high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. ? ?Many people who live near the river had to leave their

27、homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them. ? ?This was a really intense storm , said Snyder, People were afraid. Mother Nature can

28、be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed. / Several people were missing during the storm.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4、Ain the development of air transportationBthe earliest passenger flights were successfully operatedCto make travel easy and pleasant for the passengersDto provide d

29、ifferent servicesEthe shortage of qualified pilotsFtravelling by air was very cheapThe United States was the country where _.5、Hurricanes (龙卷风) Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953,

30、females names were given because of the unpredictability (不可预知) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性别歧视的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women. Hurricanes and typhoons (台风) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these stron

31、g storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning big wind. And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning great wind. To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds

32、 of miles in diameter. Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝结) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道). To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the k

33、ind of air that can only be found in tropical region. Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire y

34、ear! The problem is that we dont know how to make sure such great energy work for us. Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain

35、in the same location for several days. It can be maddening (发疯的) if you live in a coastal area that may be hit. The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still k

36、ill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again. Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to _.6、Culture Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristi

37、c of the members of a shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some

38、extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience. The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to dea

39、l with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging. The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approac

40、hes to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or

41、 even blindness. Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by followin

42、g the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer. This article is supposed to be most useful for those _.A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversityB. who have connections to more than one type of c

43、ultureC. who want to travel abroadD. who want to run business on International Scale7、B第三篇/B? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? BMother Knows the Best?/B? ?Once while being prepped for a television interview, I was chatting with the host about stay-at-home fathers. I made the point that one reason were seeing more stay

44、-at-home dads may be that its no longer a given that a man makes more money than his wife. Many families now take earning power into account when deciding which parent will stay home.? ?At that point, one of the male crew members commented, almost to himself but loud enough for my benefit, It should

45、 be the better parent who stays home. A lot .of guys say things like that. Usually its code for, My wife (read: any woman) is the better parent.? ?I was a stay-at-home father for eight years, so his declaration made me bristle. It implied that our familys choice could only have been correct if I was

46、 a better parent than my wife.? ?I think men shoot themselves in the foot with this kind of thinking. I suppose an argument could have been made that when I began staying home my wife was the better parent: She had spent more time with Ry, could read him better and calm him more quickly. And given a

47、 choice, hed have picked her over me. But as she was the more employable one, my wife went out to work and looked after our son.? ?Know what? I caught up. Because of the increased time I spent with him. I soon knew Ry well, understood what he needed and could look after him more or less as well as m

48、y wife could. Actually, the experience helped me unlock one of the worlds great secrets: Women are good at looking after children because they do it. Its not because of any innate female aptitude or a mothers instinct which I think is mostly learned anyway. Its because they put in the time and attention required to become good at the job.? ?Women obviously get a biological head start from giving birth and nursing. But over the long term experience is more important. When I got the experience myself, I was good, too. As good? I dont know. Who cares? Children are not made of glass, other p