2022年职称英语-综合-B类每日一练05-12-职称英语-综合-B类.docx

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1、2022年职称英语-综合-B类每日一练05-12-职称英语-综合-B类Taking Pictures of the World Meet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978, and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarcticais the only continent Belt hasnt seen y

2、et. Belts photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city ofPetra,Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District inEngland. Recently, her pictures appeared in a book

3、 about undeveloped natural places inNorth America. Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language. The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into peoples lives, she

4、has said. The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed by 1 how quickly people welcome me ! Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greeting and

5、 small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people dont speak the same language , a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. 2For example , Belt has traveled with her two children , so when she takes pictures of children or their p

6、arents, they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together. Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that cant afford to hire a p

7、rofessional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If youre a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers. Remember, the next t

8、ime you look as a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, dont be afraid to break the ice. the connection you make could be very rewarding.词汇：Landscape/ lndskep/ n.风景，风景画rewarding/ rw:d/ adj.值得的，有益的privilege/ prvld/ n.特

9、权，优惠 报酬的nationality /nnlti/ n.国籍，民族think about 考虑overwhelm /vwelm/ vt.征服;使受不了 使不知所措注释：1. I am often overwhelmed by我常常被搞得不知所措。2. Having something in common can also help break the ice. 彼此的共同点也有助于打开话题。1、People can connect with each other in bad weather.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentionedEasy Learning Sud

10、ents should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but theyve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the UniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspected that they migh

11、t progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel soundsone that sounds like “oo”, an

12、other like “ee” and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG 1recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mo

13、thers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups 2. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds3. When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies whod he

14、ard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesnt know how babies accomplish t

15、his night-time learning, bunt she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies dont “turn off” their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she addsso forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels

16、 as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.词汇：vowel /vaul/ n元音Finland /finlnd/ n芬兰Finnish /fini/ adj芬兰的；芬兰人的；芬兰语的New

17、born /nju:b:n/ n新生儿；adj新生儿的cerebral / seribrul/ adj大脑的remedial /rimidil/adj补救的cortex /k: teksf n皮层注释：1. EEG = electroencephalogram /i,lektruenseflgrm/：脑电图2. two sleep-study groups：两个睡觉时的学习小组3. easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds较容易区分的元音2、Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish.A. RightB. WrongC. Not m

18、entionedThe Making of a Success Story 1 IKEA is the worlds largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the worlds most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Swedenin 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from

19、 selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA. 2 IKEAs name comes from Kamprads initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up (E and A). Today IKEA is known

20、 for its modern, minimalist furniture1, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprads wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2, including watches, pens and stockings. 3 IKEA first began to sell fu

21、rniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprads home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company i

22、n 1951. 4 In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom inAlmhult,Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig: people loved being able to see and try

23、the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture. 5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packagi

24、ng3. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations

25、 of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion. 6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the worlds richest man. He currentl

26、y lives inSwitzerlandand is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing. 词汇： entrepreneur /,entrprn:/ n.企业家 ware /we/ n.货物 minimalist /minimlist / adj.最简单的 self-sufficiency /self-sfinsi/ n.自足 注释： 1. minimalist furniture：风格简约的家具 2. discounted prices：折扣价 3

27、. flat packaging：平板包装 A.Ingvar Kamprad a born businessmanB.Success brought by the introduction of showroomsC.The origin of IKEAD.Specialization in selling furnitureE.Flat packaging a feature of IKEAF.World-wide expansion of IKEA3、Paragraph 2_A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FWashoe Learned American Sign Langu

28、age 1An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her

29、 ability to use American Sign Language2. She was said to be the first non-human to lean a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language. 2Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the G

30、ardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words4. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, “Wh

31、o is coming to play?” Once5 the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed. 3However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching he

32、r teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7. He took Washoe

33、 to a research center inEllensburg,Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive. 4Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe8 Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scie

34、ntists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time. 5Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.词汇：chimpanzee

35、/,tmpnzi:/ n黑猩猩community / kmju:nt/ n社区，圈子primate / pramet / n灵长类动物critic / krtk / n评论家，批评家workingsn活动，运行chimp /tmp/ n= chimpanzee 黑猩猩注释：1in the scientific community：在科学界，在科学家的圈子里2American Sign Language（ASL）：美国手语。利用手、脸部表情、身诔姿势表达思想的美国聋哑人语言。在加拿大、墨西哥等地也使用ASL。ASL与British Sign Language（BSL英国手语）不同，两者不能相互理

36、解。3led to debate：引起辩论。lead to意为“导致”，to为介词，debate为名词。4she grew to understand about 250 words：她渐渐掌握约250个单词。grow to是“渐渐”的意思。5Once：旦。Once是连接词。例：Children like to cycle once they have learned how.小孩一旦学会了如何骑自行车，就会喜欢上它。6of their own：属于自己的。of their own的含义与on their own不同，on their own是“独自”的意思。7the Gardners：Gar

37、dner夫妇8Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe . ：像个体研究者Jane Goodall这样的科学家相信like（像，跟一样）是介词，本句的谓语是believe。句子中的private researcher意为“不受雇于任何单位，自己独立工作的科研人员。”AReason Why Not Many Scientist Carry out This Research Nowdays BReport about Washoes Progress in Learning Sign LanguageCGeneral Info

38、rmation about WashoeDThe Gardeners Contributions RecognizedEDebate on Chimps IntelligenceFWashoes Love for Three Young Chimps4、Paragraph 1 _A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FIll Be Bach Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 yea

39、rs to develop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Copes computer. It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble think

40、ing of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers，brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have

41、 ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it. Cope built a huge database of existing music. He be

42、gan with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data：it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good, but it was a start. Cope knew he had more wo

43、rk to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyzemore complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database. A few years later，Copes computer program, called “Emmy”，was ready to help him with his opera. The proces

44、s required a lot ofcollaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computers musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his ca

45、reer, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work. Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesntlike of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!词汇：original/rdnl / adj有独创性的colla

46、boration/ klæbren / n合作review/rvju:/ n评论feedback/fi:dbæk / n反馈注释J.S. Bach约翰塞巴斯蒂安巴赫（德语：Johann Sebastian Bach，1685年3月31日一1750年7月28日），巴洛克时期的德国作曲家，杰出的管风琴、小提琴、大键琴演奏家，同作曲家亨德尔和泰勒曼齐名。巴赫被普遍认为是音乐史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊称为“西方现代音乐之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。5、We can infer from the passage that _.A. David Cope is a

47、computerprogrammer.B. David Cope loves musicC. Bachs music helped him a lot.D. Emmy did much more work than a composerFinancial Risks Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk. _1_They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing._2_Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about