2022年英语四级图表+图画作文讲解及参考范文 .pdf

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1、1 英语四级图表和图画作文讲解及参考范文一、图表作文图表作文也是四( 六) 级考试中常见， 而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。图表作文就是把非文字信息 (通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等) 转换成文字信息的一种作文。它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。第一节 图表作文的出题形式和写作要领一、图表作文常见出题形式图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1) 用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势; 2) 就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。图表作

2、文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此， 图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文， 关键在于能否读懂 图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系 ，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。二、图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：1) 认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系; 2) 确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据; 3) 编列文章的提纲; 4) 根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，

3、然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡; 5) 检查与修改。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 19 页2 三、图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时， 常采用三段式的陈述方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的方法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为：第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想总趋势+极端值 +特点，时态第二段：分析产生的原因第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议模板一 总的趋势 图表具体描述剖析图表所揭示的

4、含义理由一 理由二理由三 理由四总结 前景预测As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes in_. While _. It is obvious from the table that_. What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, _. Secondly, _ . What s more, _. Last but not lease, _. In conc

5、lusion, _. Moreover, _. 模板二描述图表分三方面解释原因下结论1) During the period from _to _, _rose from _to _, while _ decreased from _ to _. 2) We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,_. Second, _. Third, _. 3) _.We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We

6、 can imagine that _. 模板三描述图表解释图表补充解释1) During the period between _ and _, _ declined abruptly from _ to _, while _ increased sharply from _ to _. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 19 页3 2) Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared with _ is much cheaper and more co

7、nvenient_ . Apart from that, _. 3) However, there are still a number of people who _, generally for two reasons. On the one hand,_. On the other hand, _. 1. 图表类型：table 表格 ; chart 图表 ; diagram 图表或图解，示意图; graph 图表 , 曲线图 ; column/ bar chart 柱状图 ; pie graph 饼图2. 描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be see

8、n from; clear; apparent; reveal 显示 ; represent 表现 , 描绘3. 内容：figure 数字 ; statistic 统计值 ; statistics 用作复 统计 , 统计数字 资料 , 统计表 number; percentage; proportion 表示数据上升： increase, rise, ascend, core, surge, go up, climb, mount, level up 下降 : decrease, fall, drop, descend, decline, reduce ,lessen, level, down

9、 平稳 : stable, steady, remain steady/stable; /maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to ; little/hardly any /no change 波动 : fluctuate, fluctuation, rise and falls, up and down 占: occupy ， take up ， account for, gain 而: while, however, whereas , on the other hand, actually/in fact 相比 : by contract, on t

10、he contrary, likewise, compared with 最高点 : the highest, the top, the summit, the peak, the most 最低点 : bottom, less, least, rock bottom最低点例句 Prices have hit rock bottom. 价格已达最低水平平均 : mean 平均值 , average 趋势 : tendency, trend, inclination 预见 : prediction 到达顶峰 : mount to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -

11、 - - - - - -第 3 页，共 19 页4 比例： 20 per cent , 20% one in three, 1/3 one out of every four， 1/4 有一个稳定的过程: a stable period can be seen 表示变化程度的词：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply 明显的，急剧的steep/steeply 急剧升降的stea

12、dy/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地stable/stably 稳定的表示范围：fromto between and for to 多长时间直到表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多nearly adv. 几乎，密切地approximately adv. 近似的，大约just over 刚超过exactly adv. 正确地，严密地precisely adv. 正好精确地；清晰地 常用词和短语significant changes 图中一些较大变

13、化noticeable trend 明显趋势精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 19 页5 during the same period 在同一时期grow/grew 增长distribute 分布，区别unequally 不相等地pronounced 明显的average 平均no doubt 无疑地corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的represent vt. 阐述，表现overall 体上讲except 除外in the case of adv. 在的情况下in contrast 相反，大不相同in c

14、onclusion adv. 最后，总之in comparison 相比之下inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地in general 通常，大体上，一般而言rang from to 从到不等excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外lower v. 降低，跌落elapse vi. 时间过去，消逝category n. 种类government policy 政府政策market forces 市场规律measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节forecast n. 先见，预见四、图表作文常用的句型精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -

15、- - - - -第 5 页，共 19 页6 (1) 常用的开篇句型( 即概述图表内容时常用的表达法) According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that 根据该表 /图，我们可知 The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 该表 /图说明 As we can see from the table As can be seen from the line/bar gra

16、ph As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart 如表 /图所示， (2) 描述增减变化常用的句型 Compared with is still increased by The number of grew/rose from to An increase is shown in ; then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/incre

17、ase in 1990. There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year). 来看一篇范文： From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of

18、1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, i

19、t s obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990. 主题句 /概述表格反映的内容(5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 19 页7 There are several reasons for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It provided that in summer every c

20、ar must be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city

21、 administration made great efforts to heighten people s awareness of observing traffic rules.主题句 原因 /措施一 解释措施一 /次要辅助 采取措施一后的结果原因 /措施二 原因 /措施三 With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year. 总结：展望未来的情况第二节 图表作文样题与样文举例样题一：Directions: For this

22、part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How People Spend Their Holidays. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the table and the outline given below: 1、 根据上表，简要描述 1990 年、1995 年、2000年某城市人们度假方式的情况及其变化；2、 请说明发生这些变化的原因；3、 得出结论。精选学习资料 - - - - - - -

23、 - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 19 页8 How People Spend Their Holidays As is clearly shown in the table that there was a dramatic change in the way people spent their holidays between 1990 and 2000. Especially, in 1990, 63% of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure decreased considera

24、bly to 24% in 2000. There are three reasons for this phenomenon . To begin with, with the development of market-oriented economy, people earn by far more money than they used to, making it possible for them to afford traveling expenses. In addition, people realize the importance of getting well-info

25、rmed about the outside world in this modern era to develop their potential. For example, a traveler may encounter or talk with someone of a different cultural background so as to broaden his vision. Last but not least, by traveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to

26、 both their health and peace of mind. In short, more and more people take the occasion of holiday to travel outside and relax themselves. As far as I am concerned, I prefer to go traveling instead of staying at home during holidays. On the one hand, I love meeting different people and take in some f

27、resh ideas. On the other hand, it is agreed that the world is becoming a global village. No one could confine himself within his small circle of families or relatives. In brief, I have benefited a lot and will benefit more from traveling during the holidays. 点评：该篇作文属图表作文， 命题思路与四级真题图表作文一致，仿真度高。本预测题关于

28、人们旅游度假方式的变化，也是社会热点话题，2006 年 1 月就考过名校校园该不该成为旅游景点话题；2004年 6 月也是关于旅游景点的介绍。样题二：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 19 页9 The Pursuit of A Masters Degreea. 根据以下图描述某校毕业生毕业意向的变化b. 分析选择读研的毕业生数目增加的原因c. 说明选择读研对个人和社会产生的影响It is illustrated in the pie charts that graduates choices after graduati

29、on have experienced much change. The number of students choosing to pursue a master s degree and study abroad grows several times over the decade. The reasons of the increasing number ofstudents pursuing a masters degree are as follows. First, with the number of college graduates growing each year,

30、the situation in the job market is getting tighter and tighter. The public awareness of the situation has created a surge of interest in seeking a masters degree. Secondly, many cross-national companies set a much higher standard for new recruits than ever. It seems that the higher education you hav

31、e, the higher salary you may receive. Choosing to study for masters degree will benefit the individuals and the whole society as well. The quality of Chinese intellectuals will be considerably enhanced, which in turn will boost the progress of the whole society. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -

32、 - - - -第 9 页，共 19 页10 样题三：Direction: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic :Cell Phones .You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below: 1. 描述上图所示的用户数的变化情况2. 出现这种情况的原因3. 对此现象作出评价Cell Phones As is shown in the chart, cell

33、 phones are becoming increasingly popular within China. In 1999, the number of cell phones in use was only 2 million, but in 2002, the number reaches 5 million. And in the year 2005, the number has suddenly soared to 9 million. There are many factors contributing to this development . Firstly, a cel

34、l phone has no wires and can be carried everywhere easily. Secondly, a cell phone is something wonderful that we can have fun with news, games, music and chat through sending 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 19 页11 short messages. Thirdly, the drop in price and the simultaneous

35、improvement in the functions have made it possible for an average person to make use of cell phone. The wide use of cell phones has make them more and more indispensable in people s daily life. The many functions of the cell phone have made certain people reluctant to separate themselves from their

36、cell phone. 点评：随着我国经济的快速发展， 人民的生活水平不断改善， 通讯业的日新月异的发展，使得使用普及化，成为人们日常生活的必需品，对此的利弊人们看法各异。 本预测题为热点话题， 同样是年轻人较熟悉和经常讨论的话题，值得关注。样题四：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Blog. You should write at least 120 words based on the chart and outline given below: 以下图

37、是 2007 年 1-10 月中国博客服务人均月度有效浏览时间及增长率，描述变化，说明原因。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 19 页12 Blog This histogram 柱状图；直方图 shows the number of people using blog services from January to October in 2007. From it we can see that the number of users increased monthly from January to August,

38、 except February. After two peak months, July and August, the number dropped slightly in September, while in October it picked up again. Possible reasons for these changes are first, in February Chinese people celebrated the most important festivalChinese New Year. This means more people spent more

39、time with their families and friends, and therefore they didnt have as much time for surfing online. Secondly, college students are the main users of blog 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 19 页13 services. While in July and August ， they had summer holidays, which enabled them to

40、 have more spare time reading and writing blogs. Thirdly, with improvements of blog services and the influence of some “star bloggers ”, most of whom are celebrities, blogs are becoming an important way for people to express themselves and communicate with others. So more and more people are startin

41、g to use these services, which help explain the overall increase shown here. 点评：这是一篇图表题。可以看出，整体呈增长趋势。但是，二月和九月有所下降。所以，分析的时候要照顾各个方面。样题五For this part, you are required to write a composition about 120 words on the topic: Changes in Peoples Daily Expenses. Your composition should be written on the follo

42、wing table and Chinese given below. 1. 描述图表中人们每天开支变化情况2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因3. 结合图表对未来作出合理的预测Changes in Peoples Daily Expenses. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 19 页14 What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the peoples daily expenses from 1

43、995 to 1999. The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7% . The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another . There are two factors accounting for these changes . Development in

44、 economy is an essential one in the five years. The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. Hence, a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food presents no worry to

45、 the average, people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time . As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increases year after year. From the analyses made above, we may come to the conclusion that people s living standards have been consta

46、ntly improved between 1995 and 1999. With the further growth in economy and more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction . 点评：该预测题属于图表作文写作，与社会生活密切相关，与1991 年 6 月份四级考试人们饮食结构的变化图表作文写作类似。根据四级图表作文命题规律，第一段描述人们 1995 到 1999 年日常开支所发生的巨大变化； 第二段分析产生变化的原因

47、； 最后一段依据图表所示变化作出了合乎逻辑的预测。文章紧扣主题，条理清楚，语言连贯，表述准确标准，结论合理。样题六Changes in the Ownership of Houses (2003.6)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 19 页15 要求： 1、根据上图描述该市住房产权的变化；2、分析产生这些变化的原因；3、说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响。Changes in the Ownership of HousesAs is shown in the chart, great changes have take

48、n place in the ownership of houses in the city. There has been a steady decline in the percentage of state-owned houses from 75 in 1990 to 20 in 2000. On the contrary, the percentage of private houses has been on the rise. Several factors may account for the trend. For one thing, owing to the policy

49、 of reform and opening to the outside world, the past decade witnessed significant improvement in peoples standard of living. In other words, they have had the means to purchase houses of their own. For another, peoples ideas about consumption have undergone some radical changes. In the past, they w

50、ere reluctant to spend, but now they are willing to buy. Anyway, it is much more comfortable to dwell in a house of ones own.These changes in the ownership have already had a positive effect on both individuals and society. Individuals, young people in particular, will be motivated to 精选学习资料 - - - -